Abstract
As the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction serves as a crucial industrial process, strategies for developing robust WGS catalysts are highly desiderated. Here we report the construction of ...stabilized bulk-nano interfaces to fabricate highly efficient copper-ceria catalyst for the WGS reaction. With an in-situ structural transformation, small CeO
2
nanoparticles (2–3 nm) are stabilized on bulk Cu to form abundant CeO
2
-Cu interfaces, which maintain well-dispersed under reaction conditions. This inverse CeO
2
/Cu catalyst shows excellent WGS performances, of which the activity is 5 times higher than other reported Cu catalysts. Long-term stability is also very solid under harsh conditions. Mechanistic study illustrates that for the inverse CeO
2
/Cu catalyst, superb capability of H
2
O dissociation and CO oxidation facilitates WGS process via the combination of associative and redox mechanisms. This work paves a way to fabricate robust catalysts by combining the advantages of bulk and nano-sized catalysts. Catalysts with such inverse configurations show great potential in practical WGS applications.
Studies of Late Quaternary geological slip-rates and the GPS decadal slip-rates along the major strike-slip faults in the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau show that slip-rates remain relatively ...constant along the middle sections of each fault and decrease rapidly toward the ends. Our recent studies suggest that the slip rates are low (<10mm/yr) along the major strike-slip faults, i.e., Altyn-Tagh fault and Qilian-Haiyuan fault. West of 95°E, the slip rate on the Altyn-Tagh fault has been determined to be 8–12mm/yr, and gradually decreases from 95°E eastward to about 1–2mm/yr at the easternmost segment of the fault. The slip-rate of Qilian-Haiyuan fault is about 1–2mm/yr near the Halahu Lake, near the western tip of the fault, then increases to a relatively constant value of 4–5mm/yr in the Qilian area (101°E and eastward). Eastward, the fault merges into the NS trending Liupan Shan fault zone east of Haiyuan, and the slip rate drops to 1–3mm/yr, or even lower. Our present observations on the variation and distribution of slip rates along the major strike slip faults indicate that slip on the Altyn-Tagh fault is mainly dissipated through internal deformation, by thrust faulting within the Qilian Shan and shortening within the adjacent Cenozoic basins. Left-lateral strike-slip on the Qilian-Haiyuan fault might be transformed into shortening and growth of the Liupan Shan to the east, and may also contribute partially to the deformation in the western Qilian Shan. In conclusion, the distribution of slip rates from both late Quaternary geological records and the current GPS observations suggest a decrease in slip rate, a redistribution of strain, and the transformation of displacement along the major strike slip faults into crustal shortening, basin formation and mountain uplift that characterize present-day deformation of the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.
►Slip rates of faults are jointly determined by geological and geodetic methods. ►Boundary faults of northern Tibet slip at very low rate of less than 10mm/a. ►Sharp tapers of slip rate are found at the ends of these boundary faults. ►Slips on boundary faults are dissipated by thrust faulting and basin shortening. ►Present-day deformation of north Tibet margin is featured by this dissipation.
Abstract
The metal-support interfaces between metals and oxide supports have long been studied in catalytic applications, thanks to their significance in structural stability and efficient catalytic ...activity. The metal-rare earth oxide interface is particularly interesting because these early transition cations have high electrophilicity, and therefore good binding strength with Lewis basic molecules, such as H
2
O. Based on this feature, here we design a highly efficient composite Ni-Y
2
O
3
catalyst, which forms abundant active Ni-NiO
x
-Y
2
O
3
interfaces under the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction condition, achieving 140.6 μmol
CO
g
cat
−1
s
−1
rate at 300 °C, which is the highest activity for Ni-based catalysts. A combination of theory and ex/in situ experimental study suggests that Y
2
O
3
helps H
2
O dissociation at the Ni-NiO
x
-Y
2
O
3
interfaces, promoting this rate limiting step in the WGS reaction. Construction of such new interfacial structure for molecules activation holds great promise in many catalytic systems.
High‐resolution present‐day earth surface deformation maps from satellites provide important data constraints, which help us better understand tectonic processes and analyze seismic hazards. Here, we ...use Sentinel‐1 Radar images (2014–2020) and accurate positioning measurements (2009–2019) to get a high‐resolution three‐dimensional earth surface velocity map for the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and we invert the slip rate and coupling ratio of major regional faults. We find ∼4 mm/yr uplift along an arc from the Qilianshan to Lajishan, relative to the neighboring low‐elevation area to the east, which indicates ongoing rapid orogeny. We find transient deformation along the Laohushan and 1920 M8.5 Haiyuan rupture segments of the Haiyuan fault, whereas the western Haiyuan, southern Liupanshan, central Lajishan and central‐western West Qinling faults are essentially locked above 15–20 km, suggesting a potentially high seismic hazard.
Plain Language Summary
The northeast Tibetan Plateau, which is impeded by the tectonically stable Ordos block, continues to grow in response to the far‐field India‐Eurasia collision. This region has several large‐scale active faults that hosted some destructive earthquakes in the last 100 years. Although intensively studied, the fault kinematics of those seismogenic faults are still not clear, mainly because of poor observational constraints. Hence, high‐resolution present‐day deformation maps are essential to answering this question, either of scientific or societal concern. We provide satellite‐based ground deformation rate maps with mm‐accuracy for this region. They show shallow fault creep along some segments of the Haiyuan fault which is better constrained than previous results, active tectonic uplift in the Lajishan. Our work gives new constraints for the seismic hazard for the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau case.
Key Points
We derive a new high‐resolution three‐dimensional present‐day deformation map for the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Geodetic data reveals ongoing rapid uplift along an accurate orogenic belt from the eastern Qilianshan and Lajishan
New constraints for the seismic hazard analysis for the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Abstract
Background
Some research found that elevated plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentrations and poor prognosis are associated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, more studies need ...to be carried out to verify this conclusion. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between cfDNA concentration and treatment outcomes including prognosis in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Methods
We retrospectively collected medical records and cfDNA data from 160 patients with advanced NSCLC. Progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared between groups using the log rank test. Cox regression analysis was used for estimating the independent predictors of PFS. And we used logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between baseline biomarkers and efficacy. In our study, BT1 cfDNA, BT2 cfDNA, and BT3 cfDNA were defined as cfDNA concentration before the first treatment (baseline cfDNA concentration), cfDNA concentration before the second treatment, and cfDNA concentration before the third treatment, respectively.
Results
Patients with low cfDNA (BT1 cfDNA < 15 (ng/mL)) were reported a significantly prolonged median progression-free survival (mPFS) compared with patients with patients with high cfDNA (BT1 cfDNA ≥ 15(ng/mL)) (mPFS: 14.6 vs. 8.3 months,
P
= 0.002), as well as patients with neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR)<2.98 (mPFS: 13.1 vs. 7.9 months,
P
= 0.023). In addition, Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified independent indicators associated with PFS including BT1 cfDNA ≥ 15 (ng/mL), NLR ≥ 2.98 and extrapulmonary metastasis. The best cut-off value for BT3 cfDNA for predicting disease progression is 41.46 (ng/mL) (Area Under the Curve (AUC): 0.652,
95%CI
: 0.516–0.788), achieving 90.7% sensitivity and 37.5% specificity for the prediction of disease progression. BT3 cfDNA (OR = 6.08,
95% CI
: 1.94–19.57,
P
= 0.002) was an independent factor for disease progression in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Conclusions
BT1 cfDNA may be a biomarker to assess the prognosis of advanced NSCLC. Patients with advanced NSCLC with lower cfDNA and NLR before treatment had a better prognosis. Increased BT3 cfDNA concentration was an independent factor of disease progression in advanced NSCLC patients. These findings may assist in identifying high-risk patients and guiding treatment strategies.
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•Reduced graphene oxide film is prepared by a static self-assembly method.•The reduced graphene oxide film accounting for only 30 wt% of the entire pole piece.•The flexible ...supercapacitor based on the FeCo2S4/RGOF shows stable electrochemical performance.•The synergistic effect of reduced graphene oxide film and bimetallic sulphides enhanced the electrochemical performance.
With the aim of developing sustainable energy storage and a flexible device exhibiting excellent electrochemical performance, a supercapacitor system comprising a highly reduced graphene oxide film (RGOF) as substrate and a spinel flower-like FeCo2S4 array as the active material is fabricated. The specific capacitance of the FeCo2S4/RGOF electrode reaches 2487.97 F g−1 at a current density of 5 mA cm−2 while maintaining superior stability with 95.9% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles, thereby surpassing that of previously reported Fe-Co bimetallic sulfides. This is ascribed to the synergistic effect between conductive RGOF and active FeCO2S4, which are rich in redox reactions. The fabricated FeCo2S4/RGOF is utilized as a positive electrode in an asymmetric supercapacitor, delivering a high energy density of 88.2 W h kg−1 at 800 W kg−1. Furthermore, the supercapacitor exhibits excellent cycling stability with 85.1% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1 and outstanding persistence after different deformation conditions. Thus, the FeCo2S4 hybrid film electrode with specific flexibility shows potential applicability in portable and wearable energy storage devices.
Abstract
Biohybrid neural interfaces (BHNIs) are a new class of neuromodulating devices that integrate neural microelectrode arrays (MEAs) and cell transplantation to improve treatment of nerve ...injuries and disorders. However, current BHNI devices are made from abiotic materials that are usually bio‐passive, non‐biodisintegratable, or rigid, which restricts encapsulated cell activity and host nerve reconstruction and frequently leads to local tissue inflammation. Herein, the first MEA composed of all disintegratable hydrogel tissue scaffold materials with synergistic performances of tissue conformal adhesiveness, MEA technologies, tissue scaffolding and stem cell therapy on a time scale appropriate for nerve tissue repair is proposed. In particular, the MEA conductive tracks are made from extracellular matrix (ECM)‐based double‐cross‐linked dual‐electrically conductive hydrogel (ECH) systems with robust tissue‐mimicking chemical/physical properties, electrical conductivity, and an affinity for neural progenitor stem cells. Meanwhile, the MEA hydrogel substrate prepared from transglutaminase‐incorporated gelatin/silk precursors simultaneously promotes gelation and interfacial adhesion between all MEA stacks, leading to rapid and scalable device integration. When the full hydrogel MEA is subjected to various mechanical stimuli and moisture, it is structurally stable with a low impedance (4 ± 3 kΩ) comparable to a recently reported benchmark. With seamless lamination around peripheral nerve fibers, the device permits successive neural signal monitoring for wound condition evaluation, while demonstrating synergistic effects of spatiotemporally controlled electrical stimulation and cell transplantation to accelerate restoration of motor function. This BHNI is completely degraded by 1 month thus eliminating the need for surgical retrieval to stably remain, interact, and further fuse with host tissues, successfully exhibiting compatible integration of biology and an implanted electrical system.
•Present a compact fiber sensor with a hybrid structure for strain and temperature discrimination.•Theoretical analyzed the cavity length evolution caused by temperature change.•Fabricated, assembled ...and tested the proof-of-concept sensor prototype featuring compactness, robustness, and so on.•Demonstrated the feasibility of the strain and temperature discrimination.
We present a compact fiber sensor with a hybrid structure including a temperature-independent Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for strain and temperature discrimination. The temperature-independent FP interferometer which used as a strain gauge is formed by inserting a segment of tapered fiber tip in the capillary and subsequently splicing the other end of the capillary to a single mode fiber (SMF), the tapered fiber end-face and the spliced face form the FP cavity. Because the inserted taper tip has the degree of freedom along the fiber axial, when the FP interferometer is subjected to temperature variation, the thermal expansion of the fiber taper tip will resist the FP cavity length change caused by the variation of capillary length, and when the inserted tapered fiber length is selected as 160 μm, the temperature sensitivity of the whole FP sensor can be entirely eliminated. The FBG which acts as a thermometer is fabricated using the standard phase masks technique. The experimental results demonstrate that the sensor prototypes can realize the strain and temperature discrimination by combining a FBG and the temperature-independent FP interferometer.
Thanks to their high conductivity and theoretical capacity, transition metal selenides have demanded significant research attention as prospective anodes for sodium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, their ...practical applications are hindered by finite cycle life and inferior rate performance because of large volume expansion, polyselenide dissolution, and sluggish dynamics. Herein, the nitrogen-doped carbon (NC)-coated FeSe2 nanoparticles encapsulated in NC nanoboxes (termed FeSe2@NDC NBs) are fabricated through the facile thermal selenization of polydopamine-wrapped Prussian blue precursors. In this composite, the existing nitrogen-doped dual carbon layer improves the intrinsic conductivity and structural integrity, while the unique porous yolk–shell architecture significantly mitigates the volume swelling during the sodium/desodium process. Moreover, the derived Fe–N–C bonds can effectively capture polyselenide, as well as promote Na+ transportation and good reversible conversion reaction. As expected, the FeSe2@NDC NBs deliver remarkable rate performance (374.9 mA h g–1 at 10.0 A g–1) and long-cycling stability (403.3 mA h g–1 over 2000 loops at 5.0 A g–1). When further coupled with a self-made Na3V2(PO4)3@C cathode in sodium-ion full cells, FeSe2@NDC NBs also exhibit considerably high and stable sodium-storage performance.
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