Since the conceptualization of
unethical pro-organizational behavior
ten years ago, scholarly interest in exploring this phenomenon has multiplied. Given a burgeoning body of empirical research, a ...review of unethical pro-organizational behavior literature is warranted. This study, therefore, systematically reviews the extant literature on unethical pro-organizational behavior and presents a comprehensive theory-based review of the past developments in this field. We classify previous studies based on their underlying theoretical perspectives and discuss the antecedents and consequences of unethical pro-organizational behavior in work context. We also explicate the boundary conditions under which the influence of these antecedents gets accentuated or alleviated. Overall, this study synthesizes past knowledge to elucidate why, how, and when unethical pro-organizational behavior unfolds in the workplace. Finally, the gaps in the extant theorization are identified and an agenda for future research is proposed.
Extant research has documented the role of workplace-related factors in eliciting uncivil employee behaviors in the workplace, while the role of family-related variables has been largely overlooked. ...Drawing on the work-home resources model and the conservation of resources theory, the present study attempts to bridge this gap in the literature by exploring the relationship between family incivility and instigation of incivility towards subordinates in the workplace. In addition, this study examines the intervening role of family emotional exhaustion and the buffering role of mindfulness and LMX within the proposed relationship. Results based on time-lagged survey data collected from 282 supervisor-subordinate dyads indicate that family emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between family incivility and instigated workplace incivility. Results also indicate that mindfulness weakens the impact of family incivility on family emotional exhaustion, while LMX dampens the impact of family emotional exhaustion on instigated workplace incivility. Further, results suggest that mindfulness and LMX together mitigate the overall impact of family incivility on instigated workplace incivility through family emotional exhaustion. This study is an attempt to explore the spillover effects of family-related variables on uncivil employee behaviors in the workplace. Additionally, this study offers new insights with respect to the boundary conditions that may help to alleviate the ramifications of family incivility in the workplace. The results of this study may be utilized by managers in developing appropriate measures to prevent the incidence of uncivil behavior in the workplace.
Formation of abrupt tunneling junction for the sub-nanometer tunnel FET (TFET) is crucial for achieving better electrical behavior. This task is more challenging in the case of dopingless TFETs (DL ...TFETs). In this concern, we propose a novel design of DL TFET, wherein a metallic layer has been placed in the oxide region at the space present between gate and source electrode (used for inducing p+ region) of conventional dopingless n-TFET to overcome the issue of low on-state current (I on ) due to presence of tunneling barrier. Proposed modification is helpful for achieving steeper tunneling junction at the source/channel interface, which enables higher tunneling generation rate of charge carriers at this interface. The optimization for work function of the metal layer (ML) has been performed for improving Ion, point subthreshold swing and threshold voltage (V th ). Finally, the impact of the ML misalignment from the gate/source terminal and optimization of its length is also presented.
Steep rise in the subthreshold slope, high current driving capability, and negligible ambipolarity are the major prerequisite conditions of tunnel FETs (TFETs) to make it applicable for Analog/RF ...circuit applications. Along with that, fabrication of physically doped TFETs is a major concern in device technology. In this context, this paper deals with junctionless TFET with a metal implanted in the oxide at the source/channel and drain/channel junctions to enhance its ON-current and reduce the ambipolar nature. The metal introduced at the source/channel junction generates abruptness and brings improvement in subthreshold slope, which increases the current driving capability of the device. Similarly, the metal implanted at the drain/channel junction widens the energy gap at the same junction to reduce the ambipolar behavior of the device. This also contributes to the enhancement of dc and analog/RF performance of the device. The selection of appropriate work function and length of the metal implanted at both the interfaces is important to maintain the improved ON-current and ambipolarity. This optimization gives idea of keeping the appropriate length, which provides direction toward practical feasibility at the experimental level.
PurposeSupply chain network is complicated to manage due to the involvement of a number of agents. Formation of virtual organization using Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is an approach to improve the efficiency ...and effectiveness and to overcome the complexities of the channel. However, the task of managing the channel further becomes complicated after incorporating sustainability into the supply chain. To fill this gap, this paper focuses on designing of mechanism and demonstration of I4.0-based virtual organization to coordinate sustainable supply chain.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, we model and compare I4.0-based virtual organization models using four other traditional contracts with centralized supply chain. The non-cooperative game theoretic approach has been used for the analysis of models.FindingsOur game-theoretic analysis shows that investment in I4.0 and sustainable innovation are beneficial for the overall supply chain. Our results show that linear two-part tariff contract and I4.0-based virtual organization model can perfectly coordinated with the supply chain.Research limitations/implicationsThis study consider deterministic model settings with full information game. Therefore researchers are encouraged to study I4.0-based coordination models under information asymmetry and uncertain situations.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for the development of I4.0-based coordination model to tackle the problems of channel coordination.Originality/valueThis study proposes I4.0-based game-theoretic model for the sustainable supply chain coordination.
A novel device configuration is presented for doping-less charge plasma tunnel FET (TFET) for suppression of ambipolar nature with improved high-frequency figures of merit. For this, the drain ...electrode, which is used to induce n + drain region, is separated into two sections of high and low work functions. The work function of the drain electrode section near to channel is considered relatively higher than other part for restricting the tunneling of holes at drain/channel interface for negative gate bias. This concept creates asymmetrical charge carrier concentration in the drain region, which increases the tunneling width at the drain/channel interface. Therefore, the proposed device offers better performance in terms of ambipolar current, parasitic capacitance, and RF parameters. In this regard, a comparative study of the proposed device is performed with conventional and dual-metal gate doping-less TFETs. Furthermore, the optimization of the length and higher work function of the drain electrode near to channel is discussed in detail for the proposed device. Apart from above-mentioned advantages, the doping-less nature of the proposed device provides fabrication simplicity and immunity against random dopant fluctuations in comparison with the physically doped TFET.
Prevailing consumption‐based business models and capitalist practices place significant strain on the environment and society. Buddhism, as a practicing religion, may provide insights on practicing ...models as a solution to sustain society, the environment, and businesses. The present investigation adopts a structured literature review methodology to take stock of such prior studies and articulate its representation of Buddhism‐based business models, practices, ethical frameworks, and economic views. Based on the findings, it is clear that the prior studies have discussed the practitioner context of Buddhism religion in order to promote ethical and mindful business practices at the consumer, managerial, and business levels; to reduce the negative effects of identity politics in the workplace through spirituality; to introduce the idea of considering factors other than purely financial profitability; and to encourage the long‐term viability and genuine happiness of individuals, communities, and organizations. In relation to these topics, research avenues are proposed.
Stress and anxiety may be found in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral lichen planus (OLP). Cortisol, sometimes referred to as the "stress hormone," has been ...employed as a stress predictor. Therefore, it is of interest to estimate the levels of depression, anxiety and serum cortisol and establish correlation between them in patients with OL.OLP and OSMF. There were 240 patients, aged 20 years to 45 years, who were divided into four categories (OL, OSMF, OLP and control) of 60 patients apiece. In the supervision of a psychiatrist, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM D) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM (A) questionnaires were filled out. Five millilitres of venous blood were extracted using standard aseptic technique, and all of the samples were examined for serum cortisol level. Anxiety and depression was found in subjects of OL, OSMF and OLP at advanced stages. It was inferred that serum cortisol level was statistically correlated with depression and anxiety in patients with OL, OSMF and OLP.
