It has long been recognised that it is incumbent on those responsible for the planning of tourism to seek to optimise the well-being of local residents whilst minimising the costs of tourism ...development.
It is not surprising, therefore, that academic attention has long been paid to the social impacts of tourism in general and to the understanding of host communities' perceptions of tourism and its impacts in particular. Nevertheless, despite the significant volume and increasing scope of the research, the extent to which understanding of residents' perceptions of tourism has been enhanced remains uncertain. Thus, the purpose of this Progress Review is to explore critically the development of the research into residents' perceptions of tourism. Highlighting key themes and trends in the literature, it identifies a number of limitations in the research, including a narrow case study base, a dependence on quantitative methods, a focus on perceptions as opposed to responses, and the exclusion of the tourist from the majority of the research. Consequently, it argues for a multidimensional approach to the research.
The darker side of travel Sharpley, Richard; Stone, Philip R
2009., 2009, 2009-08-25, Volume:
41
eBook
This book is a contemporary and comprehensive analysis of dark tourism. Drawing on existing literature, numerous examples and introducing new conceptual perspectives, it develops a theoretically ...informed foundation for examining the demand for and supply of dark tourism experiences.
Tourism Development and the Environment: Beyond Sustainability? challenges the sustainable tourism development paradigm that has come to dominate both theoretical and practical approaches to tourism ...development over the last two decades. It extends the sustainable tourism debate beyond the arguably managerialist 'blueprint' and destination-focused approach that continues to characterise even the most recent 'sustainability' agenda within tourism development. Reviewing the evolution of the sustainable tourism development concept, its contemporary manifestations in academic literature and policy developments and processes, the author compares its limitations to prevailing political-economic, socio-cultural and environmental contexts. He then proposes alternative approaches to tourism development which, nevertheless, retain environmental sustainability as a prerequisite of tourism development. This book also acts as an introduction to the Earthscan series Tourism, Environment and Development.
About the series:
'Tourism, Environment and Development' aims to explore, within a variety of contexts, the developmental role of tourism as it relates explicitly to its environmental consequences. Each book will review critically and challenge 'traditional' perspectives on (sustainable) tourism development, exploring new approaches that reflect contemporary economic, socio-cultural and political contexts.
A conceptual paper published twenty years ago concluded that sustainable tourism development is an unviable objective. Specifically, it argued that environmentally sound tourism development ...(sustainable tourism) is essential; sustainable development through tourism, however, is unachievable. Despite continuing alignment between tourism and sustainable development in both academic and policy circles, not only have the intervening two decades proved this argument in practice to be correct, but also there is little evidence of a more sustainable tourism sector. This paper, therefore, returns to the theoretical relationship between tourism and sustainable development, considering more recent transformations in understandings of the concept of development as well as contemporary approaches to sustainable development. Highlighting the controversy surrounding the continuing adherence to economic growth in development policy in general and tourism development in particular, it discusses sustainable de-growth as an alternative approach to development and, in the context of increasing concerns over climate change, the specific implications for tourism.
Tourism and Development Sharpley, Richard; Telfer, David J
2014, 2014-11-17, Volume:
63
eBook
This book explores the relationship between tourism and development and establishes a conceptual link between the interconnected disciplines of tourism studies and development studies. This new ...edition includes updated chapters drawing on contemporary knowledge as well as 5 new chapters that consider emergent themes in tourism and development.
Despite increasing research in dark tourism, few attempts have been made to explore local community perceptions of becoming the object of the dark tourist gaze, an issue that is of particular ...relevance at disaster sites given the potential sensitivity of local people to the intrusion of tourists in the aftermath of a disaster. This paper addresses this significant gap in the literature. Based on research undertaken in L'Aquila, an Italian city that in April 2009 suffered a devastating earthquake, it explores the responses of members of the local community to their city becoming a dark (disaster) tourism destination. In so doing, it reveals an evolving response towards tourism that not only contradicts traditional understandings of resident perceptions of tourism, but also points towards how appropriate responses to disaster tourism might support the disaster recovery process.
Rural tourism has long been considered a means of achieving economic and social development and regeneration. More specifically, it has been widely promoted as an effective source of income and ...employment, particularly in peripheral rural areas where traditional agrarian industries have declined. More recently, however, a number of established tourism destinations have also turned to rural tourism in order to diversify their tourism products and markets and to spread the benefits of tourism away from the coastal resorts into the hinterland. The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which this latter role for rural tourism represents a realistic tourism development policy. Based upon research into the development of ‘agrotourism’ in Cyprus, it highlights the challenges and problems encountered by rural tourism entrepreneurs, identifying a number of issues which militate against the success of rural tourism development. In particular, it identifies high development costs but low returns, low demand, a lack of essential skills and the dominance of mass tourism operators as major challenges. It concludes, therefore, long-term financial and technical support is essential if tourism is to play an effective rural development role.
Although farm-based tourism has a long tradition, particularly within Europe, farm diversification into tourism has, in recent years, become more widely seen as an effective means of addressing the ...socio-economic problems of rural areas in general and the agricultural sector in particular. Accordingly, not only has there been significant growth in the supply of farm-based tourism in many countries (and evidence of rural development policies supporting such growth), but also increasing academic attention has been paid to the phenomenon. However, although a number of studies consider specific issues related to farm diversification into tourism, such as marketing or financial challenges, little or no research has been undertaken into the attitudes of farming families that have diversified. The purpose of this paper is to address this omission in the tourism literature. Based on a survey of farms in north-eastern England, it explores farmers’ attitudes to a variety of issues related to diversification into tourism, including the socio-cultural context within which it occurs. In doing so, it both confirms and challenges previously held assumptions regarding the problems of diversification. In particular, however, it identifies a widespread desire amongst farmers to maintain a distinction between the farm/farming business, suggesting that the development of farm tourism enterprises is an employment, as opposed to diversification, issue. It concludes, therefore, that the role of public sector agencies in the support of farm tourism should be reassessed.
Tourist experience Sharpley, Richard; Stone, Philip R
c2010., 2011, 20101004, 2010, 2010-06-01, 2010-10-04, Volume:
19
eBook
To consume tourism is to consume experiences. An understanding of the ways in which tourists experience the places and people they visit is therefore fundamental to the study of the consumption of ...tourism. Consequently, it is not surprising that attention has long been paid in the tourism literature to particular perspectives on the tourist experience, including demand factors, tourist motivation, typologies of tourists and issues related to authenticity, commodification, image and perception. However, as tourism has continued to expand in both scale and scope, and as tourists’ needs and expectations have become more diverse and complex in response to transformations in the dynamic socio-cultural world of tourism, so too have tourist experiences.
Tourist Experience provides a focused analysis into tourist experiences that reflect their ever-increasing diversity and complexity, and their significance and meaning to tourists themselves. Written by leading international scholars, it offers new insights into emergent behaviours, motivations and sought meanings on the part of tourists based on five contemporary themes determined by current research activity in tourism experience: dark tourism experiences, experiencing poor places, sport tourism experiences, writing the tourist experience and researching tourist experiences: methodological approaches.
The book critically explores these experiences from multidisciplinary perspectives and includes case studies from a wide range of geographical regions. By analyzing these contemporary tourist experiences, the book will provide further understanding of the consumption of tourism.
Introduction: thinking about the tourist experience Richard Sharpley & Philip R. Stone Chapter 1 Ways of conceptualising the tourist experience: a review of literature Chris Ryan Section 1 Dark tourism experiences: mediating between life and death Philip R. Stone Chapter 2 Exploring the conceptual and analytical framing of dark tourism: from darkness to intentionality Tazim Jamal & Linda Lelo Chapter 3 Thanatourism and the commodification of space in post-war Croatia and Bosnia Tony Johnston Section 2 Experiencing poor places: introduction Chapter 4 Slumming – empirical results and oberservational-theoretical considerations on the backgrounds of township, favela and slum tourism Manfred Rolfes Chapter 5 Rights-based tourism – tourist engagement in social change, globalised social movements, and endogenous development in Cuba Rochelle Spencer Chapter 6 Tourists’ photographic gaze: the case of Rio de Janeiro favelas Palloma Menezes Section 3 Sport tourism experiences: introduction Chapter 7 ‘Sporting’ new attractions? The commodification of the sleeping stadium Sean Gammon Chapter 8 Understanding sport tourism experiences: exploring the participant-spectator nexus Richard Shipway & Naomi Kirkup Chapter 9 We are family: IGLFA World Championships, London 2008 Mac McCarthy Section 4 Writing the tourist experience: introduction Chapter 10 Creating your own Shetland: Tourist narratives from travelogues to blogs Emma-Reetta Koivunen Chapter 11 Narrating travel experiences: the role of new media Ulrike Gretzel, Daniel R. Fesenmaier, Yoon Jung Lee & Iis Tussyadiah Chapter 12 Learning from travel experiences: a system for analysing reflective learning in journals S Quinlan Cutler & Barbara A Carmichael Section 5 Researching tourist experiences: methodological approaches Chapter 13 Qualitative method research and the ‘tourism experience: a methodological perspective applied in a heritage setting Mary Beth Gouthro Chapter 14 Exploring space, the senses and sensitivities: spatial knowing Martine C Middleton Chapter 15 Kohlberg's Stages: Informing responsible tourist behavior Davina Stanford
Richard Sharpley is Professor of Tourism and Development at the University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK. He has previously held positions at a number of other institutions, including the University of Northumbria (Reader in Tourism) and the University of Lincoln, where he was professor of Tourism and Head of Department, Tourism and Recreation Management. His principal research interests are within the fields of tourism and development, island tourism, rural tourism and the sociology of tourism, and his books include Tourism and Development in the Developing World (2008), Tourism, Tourists and Society, 4 th Edition (2008) and Tourism, Development and Environment: Beyond Sustainability (2009).
Philip Stone is a former Management Consultant within the tourism and hospitality sector, and is presently employed as a Senior Lecturer with the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), UK. He teaches tourism, hospitality and event management at undergraduate and postgraduate level. Philip is also founder and Editor of The Dark Tourism Forum, the premier online dark tourism subject resource facility and global alliance of scholars and industry practitioners (see www.dark-tourism.org.uk ). His primary research interests revolve around dark tourism consumption and its relationship with contemporary society. He has published in a number of international academic journals, presented at a variety of international conferences and, with Richard Sharpley, is co-editor of The Darker Side of Travel: The Theory and Practice of Dark Tourism (2009).
PDF
