Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important human pathogen causing a variety of life-threatening diseases and is widely distributed in marine and estuarine environments. The objective of this study was ...to develop a sensitive, specific, and accurate method by using sodium deoxycholate (SD)-propidium monoazide (PMA)-qPCR (SD-PMA-qPCR) for selective detection of viable V. parahaemolyticus cells in shrimp. A qPCR assay was developed by targeting a unique fragment in the toxR gene in V. parahaemolyticus. The qPCR assay demonstrated superior specificity (100%) on V. parahaemolyticus strains (n = 70) and non-V. parahaemolyticus strains (n = 37) examined in the inclusivity and exclusivity tests; and the limit of detection (LOD) of the assay reached 5 × 101 CFU/ml. To remedy the drawback of PCR, SD-PMA treatment was incorporated with the qPCR assay. The optimized PMA treatment conditions were determined as follows, 40 μM PMA and 3-min light exposure at 40 w. The maximum removal efficiency of non-viable cell DNA was achieved by an optimal amplicon (262 bp) of qPCR for PMA treatment with SD at an optimal concentration (0.02% wt/vol). Furthermore, we have applied the SD-PMA-qPCR assay for detection of viable V. parahaemolyticus cells in shrimp. Consequently, the SD-PMA-qPCR assay could accurately detect as low as 5 × 101 CFU/g of V. parahaemolyticus in the presence of a large number of non-viable cells (5 × 107 CFU/g) in spiked shrimp with a 4-h enrichment. In summary, the qPCR assay based on the target gene, toxR, is sensitive and specific; treatment of non-viable cells with SD and PMA improved the removal efficiency of DNA of non-viable cells; and the SD-PMA-qPCR assay developed in this study is a specific and accurate detection method for viable V. parahaemolyticus, providing an effective and rapid means for detection of viable V. parahaemolyticus in food.
•Specific primers and probe were assessed for detection of V. parahaemolyticus by qPCR.•The optimal conditions for treatment of V. parahaemolyticus with SD and PMA were investigated.•A SD-PMA-qPCR assay was proved to be specific and sensitive for detection viable cells from mixtures of cells.•The assay has been applied to detect V. parahaemolyticus in spiked shrimp samples.
The newly discovered "long-term" multicarrier multipactors that can be induced by low-energy electric fields potentially threatens the reliability of spaceborne microwave systems. It also causes a ...new technical challenge to the prediction of the global occurrence threshold of multicarrier multipactors. In this paper, we propose efficient approaches to rapidly compute the fluctuation of space electrons in the evolving process of a multicarrier multipactor, based on which Monte Carlo approaches are developed to efficiently find the global "worst case" waveforms and the occurrence thresholds for both "single-event" and "long-term" multipactors. The proposed approaches can be used for wideband devices, providing an efficient integrated solution for the multicarrier multipactor analysis for practical high-power microwave devices with inhomogeneous field distribution.
To investigate whether the association between insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (CVD) differs by glucose tolerance status.
We analyzed a nationwide sample of 111,576 adults without CVD ...at baseline, using data from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study. Insulin resistance was estimated by sex-specific HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) quartiles for participants with normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, or diabetes, separately, and by 1 SD of HOMA-IR for the overall study participants. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association between insulin resistance and incident CVD according to glucose tolerance status and evaluate the CVD risk associated with the combined categories of insulin resistance and obesity in prediabetes and diabetes, as compared with normal glucose tolerance. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education attainment, alcohol drinking, smoking, physical activity, and diet quality.
In participants with normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, and diabetes defined by three glucose parameters, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for incident CVD associated with the highest versus the lowest quartile of HOMA-IR were 1.03 (0.82-1.30), 1.23 (1.07-1.42), and 1.61 (1.30-2.00), respectively; the corresponding values for CVD per 1-SD increase in HOMA-IR were 1.04 (0.92-1.18), 1.12 (1.06-1.18), and 1.15 (1.09-1.21), respectively (P for interaction = 0.011). Compared with participants with normal glucose tolerance, in participants with prediabetes, the combination of the highest HOMA-IR quartile and obesity showed 17% (95% CI 2-34%) higher risk of CVD, while the combination of the lowest two HOMA-IR quartiles and nonobesity showed 15-17% lower risk of CVD. In participants with diabetes, the upper two HOMA-IR quartiles exhibited 44-77% higher risk of CVD, regardless of obesity status. Consistent findings were observed for glucose tolerance status defined by different combinations of glycemic parameters.
Glucose intolerance status exacerbated the association between insulin resistance and CVD risk. Compared with adults with normal glucose tolerance, adults with prediabetes who were both insulin resistant and obese exhibited higher risks of CVD, while in adults with diabetes, the CVD risk related to insulin resistance remained, regardless of obesity.
To unmask the ambiguous underlying factors responsible for the mega pressure hysteresis in Ce-rich CaCu5-type metal hydrides, (La–Ce)–Ni binary and ternary alloys are chosen as the research objects ...for systematic investigations. It's worth mentioning that CeNi5 possesses an extreme hysteresis factor of 1.98 with hydrogenation equilibrium pressure that is 134 times higher than that of LaNi5. By characterization, the relevant potential triggers for Ce-related mega pressure hysteresis and outrageous hydrogenation differences can be categorized into the following two aspects. On the one hand, the strong elastic deformation resistance and the generated significant deformation energy accumulation will noticeably hinder the hydrogenation deformation process. On the other hand, the intrinsic Ce-based stable energetic state and valence bonding may also contribute to the exceptional difficulty in disrupting the original stable ground state. Fortunately, composition engineering realized through convenient hydride precipitation and staged phase transformation are proven to be the most effective in ameliorating the mega pressure hysteresis in Ce-rich metal hydrides. Overall, the relevant findings here will pave the way for better understanding and amelioration of the pressure hysteresis of metal hydrides.
Summer in the East Asian monsoon region is characterized by heavy rainfall and high temperature. Its onset, depicted by monsoon rainfall and/or airflow as well as surface air temperature, has been ...well documented. However, the onset of summer season is rarely addressed in northern East Asia (NEA) around the northern edge of the East Asian summer monsoon. This study investigates the feature, mechanism, and variability of the summer onset in NEA based on the ERA-5 reanalysis dataset for 1979–2020. Results show that, in climatology, the onset of summer in NEA occurs in pentad 31 when the spring-to-summer warming process is decelerated at the highest rate. The change in the warming rate is mainly attributed to a decrease in the diabatic heat, mostly surface sensible heat, and temperature advection plays a small role. After the onset of summer, regional low-level northwesterly winds are weakened, and a local NEA cyclonic low forms. The latter, coupled with monsoon southerly airflow to the south, advects more moisture into NEA and increases regional rainfall. Furthermore, a temperature threshold of 17 °C, the climatological regional mean surface air temperature in pentad 31, was proposed to depict summer onset in NEA. Based on the temperature threshold, the year-to-year variability of summer onset timing in NEA is revealed, ranging from pentad 29 (late May) to 34 (middle June), with the standard deviation of 1.2 pentads. It advanced by 0.6 pentads, on average, after the late 1990s. This study provides a new method to objectively quantify the timing of summer onset in East Asia, which is thermodynamically explainable and may help us to depict and monitor summer onset in different latitudes and topography.
Atmosphere, wastewater, and soil are the main natural receptacles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but the profiles and transmission of ARGs across the above-mentioned phases during freezing ...temperatures remain poorly realized. In this study, several ARGs in dust, wastewater and soil phases from 5 human-associated point-sources during dairy mean air temperature from −27 °C to 29 °C were examined. The factors (e.g., VGT (bacteria biomass), HGT (intI1 gene), seasonal variations (non-cold and cold seasons), environmental phases, and point-sources) were also explored. Results showed the wastewater phase harbored the highest total targeted ARGs (2.00 × 10−2 gene copies per 16S rRNA gene copies). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) with Bray-Curtis distance indicated that the selected ARGs in the dust phase might originate from the wastewater and soil phases. The pig farm was a potential hotpot of ARGs, which carried the highest relative abundances of total targeted ARGs in the dust (5.34 × 10−1) and wastewater phases (3.59 × 10−1). Seasonal variations potentially influenced the concentration of ARGs among three phases, the percentages of sul genes (sul1, sul2) and erm gene (ermB, ermC) relative abundances presented higher proportions in the non-cold season (41.06%) and cold season (42.62%), respectively. The positive correlations between 16S rRNA, intI1, and selected ARGs strengthened in dust and wastewater phases during the cold season and non-cold season, respectively, which hinted vertical gene transfer (VGT) and intI1-mediated horizontal gene transfer (HGT) varied with natural phases and seasons. This study highlights the critical roles of environmental phases and seasons in huge ranges of temperatures for ARG dissemination.
Display omitted
•Dust, wastewater, and soil environmental media were potential vectors for ARGs.•The concentrations of ARGs in the pig farm were highest among urban point-sources.•Seasonal changes potentially impacted the distribution patterns of ARGs.•The intI1-mediated horizontal gene transfer varied with phases and climates.
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and malignant pathologies, and a significant portion of GC incidences develops from Helicobacter pylori (Hp)‐induced chronic gastritis. Although the ...exact mechanisms of GC are complex and poorly understood, gastric carcinogenesis is a good model to investigate how inflammation and infection collaboratively promote tumorigenesis. Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) is the key effector of the Hippo pathway, which is silenced in most human cancers. Herein, we verified the tumor‐promoting effect of YAP1 in vitro, in vivo, and in human specimens. We revealed that YAP1 displays nuclear translocation and works with TEAD to activate transcription of the crucial inflammatory cytokine IL‐1β in gastric cells infected with Hp. As IL‐1ß accounts for inflammation‐associated tumorigenesis, this process can lead to gastric carcinogenesis. Thus, in addition to activating proliferation genes, YAP1 also plays a major role in inflammation amplification by activating inflammatory cytokine genes. Excitingly, our research demonstrates that transfection of mutant plasmid YAP‐5SA/S94A or addition of the drug verteporfin, both of which are thought to disrupt the YAP1‐TEAD interaction, can arrest the carcinogenesis process. These findings can provide new approaches to GC treatment.
Helicobacter pylori induce YAP1 overexpression and nuclear translocation. YAP1 activates IL‐1ß transcription co‐working with TEAD. YAP1‐controlled IL‐1ß overexpression contributes to GC. YAP1‐TEAD interaction can be a drug target in GC treatment.
ObjectiveWe conducted a drug resistance and homology analysis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli （DEC） in Fengxian District of Shanghai in order to provide a basis for clinical rational drug use， risk ...monitoring and early warning.MethodsDEC were isolated from diarrheal patients in Fengxian District， Shanghai from 2019 to 2022. The minimum inhibitory concentrations （MIC） of 21 drugs to the DEC were determined. Genotyping and homology analysis were conducted with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）.ResultsThe DEC detection rate of diarrhea cases was 18.99% （131/690）， including enteroaggregative E.coli （EAEC） 64.89% （85/131）， enterotoxigenic E.coli （ETEC） 22.14% （29/131）， enteropathogenic E.coli （EPEC） 12.21% （16/131）， and enterohemorrhagic E.coli （EHEC） 0.76%（1/131）. The DEC detection showed obvious seasonal characteristics with a high incidence in summer. The DEC multidrug resistance rate was 66.41% with a total of 65 drug resistance profiles. The five antimicrobial drugs with the highest resistance rate we
MicroRNAs have been considered to participate in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and regulate numerous disease pathways in pulmonary vasculature. However, the molecular role in the pathologies ...has not yet been fully uncovered, particularly in the view of energy metabolism and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic regulation. Here, several altered miRNAs are founded in genome-wide miRNA sequencing analysis, in which miR-449a-5p was identified as a probable candidate in hypoxic PAH and verified such a decreasing trend. Moreover, we identify that miR-449a-5p plays critical role in both mitochondria metabolic dysfunction and phenotype transformation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Subsequently, we initiate that the transcription factor Myc, which is negatively regulated by miR-449a-5p, results in the aberrant effects contributing to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Taken together, we demonstrated that the miR-449a-5p/Myc axis is indispensable for the development and progression of PAH. These results may serve as a significant implication for understanding and treatment of PAH.
Key messages
• The downregulation of miR-449a-5p occurs in both PAH-PAs and hypoxic PASMCs.
• MiR-449a-5p is involved in hypoxia-induced mitochondria dysfunction of PASMCs.
• MiR-449a-5p inhibits hypoxic phenotypic transition and proliferation of PASMCs.
• The aberrant effects of MiR-449a-5p depend on downstream transcription factor Myc.
• Myc contributes to mitochondria dysfunction and phenotype transformation in PAH.
PDF
