Despite advances in the psychological study of masculinities, the term "masculinity" or "masculinities" has been conceptualized differently across diverse theoretical approaches. To address these ...challenges, this article seeks to integrate the myriad ways that masculinities have been studied by scholars. Drawing on scholarship from various fields, the authors delineate fived domains of masculinities-self-ascribed, other-ascribed, situational, performative, and macro masculinities. Reflecting an integration of these five domains, masculinities are conceived as the constellation of cultural and individual meanings attached to men and boys that are (a) attributed to the self as well as to (b) people, concepts, and objects; (c) embedded in situational cues; (d) performed as social practices; and (e) distributed through ecological influences. The authors propose a framework that pieces together these domains of masculinities, describes how they differ in their stability and proximity of influence on people's lives, and explicates their linkages with each other. Finally, the authors explain how the framework and the five domains can guide future psychological research and practice.
Public Significance Statement
This article provides a definition of masculinities by integrating scholarship from different fields of study. The authors describe five domains of masculinities that can guide future research and practice.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ
Co-free layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 has received considerable attention due to high theoretical capacity (280 mAh g−1) and low cost comparable than LiCoO2. The ability of nickel to be oxidized ...(Ni2+/Ni3+/Ni4+) acts as electrochemical active and has a low activation energy barrier, while the stability of Mn4+ provides a stable host structure. However, selection of appropriate preparation method and condition are critical to providing an ideal layered structure of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 with good electrochemical performance. In this study, Layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 has been synthesized by sol-gel and solid-state routes. According to the XRD, the sol-gel method provides a pure phase, and solid-state process only minimize the secondary phases to certain limit. The Ni2+/Mn4+ content in the sol-gel process was higher than in the solid-state reaction, which may be due to the chemical composition homogeneity of the sol-gel samples. Regarding the electrochemical behavior, sol-gel process is better than solid-state reaction. The discharge capacity is 145 mAh/g and 91 mAh/g for the sol-gel process and solid-state reaction samples, respectively.
Aiming at the low accuracy of multimedia visual image cooperative classification, a new method of multimedia visual image cooperative classification based on depth machine learning model is proposed. ...Firstly, HSV color space model is selected to extract color features of multimedia visual images, Gabor function is used to extract texture features, and shape invariant moments are used to extract shape features. Then the features of multimedia visual images are recognized and classified, and the model parameters are optimized and adjusted according to the deviation of training output. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of this method is 95.892%, and the classification efficiency is high. The classification accuracy of this method is basically above 95%, and the classification accuracy is high. The training time of image type samples is 19 s, the testing time of image type is 12 s, and the time consumption is low.
Acarbose and voglibose are the most widely used diabetes drugs as glycosidase inhibitors. In this study, the use of these two inhibitors significantly increased the content of starch in large ...intestine, and altered the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by affecting the intestinal microbiota. However, there are some differences in the intestinal microbiome of the two groups of mice, mainly in bacteria such as Bacteroidaceae bacteroides and Desulfovibrionaceae desulfovibrio. The productions of acetate and propionate in caecum in voglibose group were significantly higher than those in acarbose group and two kinds of glycosidase inhibitors were close in the production of butyrate in caecum. The Tax4Fun analysis based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) data indicated that different productions of acetate and propionate between acarbose group and voglibose group may be related to 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase and pyruvate oxidase. In addition, in-vitro experiments suggested that voglibose had less effect on epithelial cells than acarbose after direct stimulation. According to the recent researches of SCFAs produced by intestinal microbiota, our comparative study shown higher concentration of these beneficial fatty acids in the lumen of voglibose-treated mice, which implied a lower level of inflammation.
This brief studies the synchronization control for the fractional-order chaotic system subject to input saturation and external unknown disturbances. To handle unknown disturbances, a disturbance ...observer is designed for the fractional-order chaotic system. A disturbance-observer-based synchronization control scheme is then developed. Under the synchronization control, the asymptotically convergent synchronization errors between two fractional-order chaotic systems can be achieved. The simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed new design approach.
The yield obtained from next generation sequencers has increased almost exponentially in recent years, making sample multiplexing common practice. While barcodes (known sequences of fixed length) ...primarily encode the sample identity of sequenced DNA fragments, barcodes made of random sequences (Unique Molecular Identifier or UMIs) are often used to distinguish between PCR duplicates and transcript abundance in, for example, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). In paired-end sequencing, different barcodes can be inserted at each fragment end to either increase the number of multiplexed samples in the library or to use one of the barcodes as UMI. Alternatively, UMIs can be combined with the sample barcodes into composite barcodes, or with standard Illumina® indexing. Subsequent analysis must take read duplicates and sample identity into account, by identifying UMIs.
Existing tools do not support these complex barcoding configurations and custom code development is frequently required. Here, we present Je, a suite of tools that accommodates complex barcoding strategies, extracts UMIs and filters read duplicates taking UMIs into account. Using Je on publicly available scRNA-seq and iCLIP data containing UMIs, the number of unique reads increased by up to 36 %, compared to when UMIs are ignored.
Je is implemented in JAVA and uses the Picard API. Code, executables and documentation are freely available at http://gbcs.embl.de/Je . Je can also be easily installed in Galaxy through the Galaxy toolshed.
Short-chain fatty acids in diseases Zhang, Dan; Jian, Yong-Ping; Zhang, Yu-Ning ...
Cell communication and signaling,
08/2023, Volume:
21, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre in the gastrointestinal tract. The absorption of SCFAs is mediated by substrate ...transporters, such as monocarboxylate transporter 1 and sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1, which promote cellular metabolism. An increasing number of studies have implicated metabolites produced by microorganisms as crucial executors of diet-based microbial influence on the host. SCFAs are important fuels for intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and represent a major carbon flux from the diet, that is decomposed by the gut microbiota. SCFAs play a vital role in multiple molecular biological processes, such as promoting the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 by IECs to inhibit the elevation of blood glucose, increasing the expression of G protein-coupled receptors such as GPR41 and GPR43, and inhibiting histone deacetylases, which participate in the regulation of the proliferation, differentiation, and function of IECs. SCFAs affect intestinal motility, barrier function, and host metabolism. Furthermore, SCFAs play important regulatory roles in local, intermediate, and peripheral metabolisms. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are the major SCFAs, they are involved in the regulation of immunity, apoptosis, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. Herein, we review the diverse functional roles of this major class of bacterial metabolites and reflect on their ability to affect intestine, metabolic, and other diseases.
To clarify the nature of the effect of firm innovativeness on business performance, this study draws on contingency theory and an interactional perspective to develop a conceptual framework to ...investigate how the interaction between market turbulence and competitive intensity moderates the relationship between firm innovativeness and business performance. This study used survey data from a sample of 154 high-tech manufacturing firms in Taiwan and employed hierarchical moderated regression analysis to test the hypotheses developed. The results reveal that the effect of firm innovativeness on business performance varies across the different configurations of market turbulence and competitive intensity. Specifically, the performance effect of firm innovativeness is most positive under high market turbulence and high competitive intensity; the performance effect is least positive under low market turbulence and low competitive intensity. However, the performance benefits of firm innovativeness fail to materialize under low market turbulence and high competitive intensity. Overall, these findings highlight that market turbulence and competition jointly influence the direction and strength of the performance effect of firm innovativeness. This study advances firm innovativeness research by identifying the configurational market conditions that augment or limit the value of firm innovativeness.
•The performance effect of firm innovativeness varies across different configurations of market turbulence and competition.•Firm innovativeness best facilitates performance under high market turbulence and high competitive intensity.•The value of firm innovativeness fails to materialize when market turbulence is low and competitive intensity is high.•The individual moderating effects of market turbulence and competitive intensity are mutually dependent.•It is strategically important to match firm innovativeness with the specific configurational condition of market contexts.
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound that has cardioprotective, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the capacity of resveratrol to protect RAW 264.7 cells from ...inflammatory insults and explored mechanisms underlying inhibitory effects of resveratrol on RAW 264.7 cells.
Murine RAW 264.7 cells were treated with resveratrol (1, 5, and 10 µM) and/or LPS (5 µg/ml). Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by Griess reagent and ELISA. The mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory proteins and cytokines were analysed by ELISA, RT-PCR and double immunofluorescence labeling, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of Akt, cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) cascades, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and expression of SIRT1(Silent information regulator T1) were measured by western blot. Wortmannin (1 µM), a specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor, was used to determine if PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway might be involved in resveratrol's action on RAW 264.7 cells. Resveratrol significantly attenuated the LPS-induced expression of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RAW 264.7 cells. Resveratrol increased Akt phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. Wortmannin, a specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitor, blocked the effects of resveratrol on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells activation. In addition, PI3-K inhibition partially abolished the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) cascades. Meanwhile, PI3-K is essential for resveratrol-mediated phosphorylation of AMPK and expression of SIRT1.
This investigation demonstrates that PI3-K/Akt activation is an important signaling in resveratrol-mediated activation of AMPK phosphorylation and SIRT1 expression, and inhibition of phosphorylation of CREB and MAPKs activation, proinflammatory mediators and cytokines production in response to LPS in RAW 264.7 cells.
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