Il sistema gestionale è il fulcro di tutte le attività di una biblioteca, dalla catalogazione alle acquisizioni alla circolazione, e la mancanza di un modulo per gestire le risorse elettroniche ...penalizza le attività quotidiane. La scelta di una nuova piattaforma integrata, però, può comportare sia vantaggi che sfide, tra cui il passaggio a un nuovo formato di catalogazione. Nel 2021, la Biblioteca di Ateneo dell’Università di Milano-Bicocca ha scelto di adottare il gestionale Worldshare Management Services (WMS) di OCLC, affiancando al cambio di software il passaggio da UNIMARC a MARC21. L’articolo vuole condividere le scelte e gli aspetti cruciali della transizione, soprattutto da un punto di vista catalografico: in particolare, si sofferma sul passaggio da un ambiente locale a uno condiviso, e sull’influenza che il nuovo formato adottato ha avuto sulle scelte catalografiche.
Il sistema gestionale è il fulcro di tutte le attività di una biblioteca, dalla catalogazione, alle acquisizioni, alla circolazione, e la mancanza di un modulo per gestire le risorse elettroniche ...penalizza le attività quotidiane. La scelta di una nuova piattaforma integrata, però, può comportare sia vantaggi che sfide, tra cui il passaggio ad un nuovo formato di catalogazione. Nel 2021, la Biblioteca di Ateneo dell’Università di Milano-Bicocca ha scelto di adottare il gestionale Worldshare Management Services (WMS) di OCLC, affiancando al cambio di software il passaggio da UNIMARC a MARC21. L’articolo vuole condividere le scelte e gli aspetti cruciali della transizione, soprattutto da un punto di vista catalografico: in particolare, si sofferma sul passaggio da un ambiente locale a uno condiviso, e sull’influenza che il nuovo formato adottato ha avuto sulle scelte catalografiche.
Plants have the largest number of small heat shock proteins (sHsps) (15–42 kDa) among eukaryotes, but little is known about their function in vivo. They accumulate in response to different stresses, ...and specific sHsps are also expressed during developmental processes such as seed development, germination, and ripening. The presence of organelle‐specific sHsps appears to be unique to plants. The sHsps expression is regulated by heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs). In this work, it was explored the role of sHsps in the chilling injury of tomato fruit. The level of transcripts and proteins of cytoplasmic and organellar sHsps was monitored in fruit during ripening and after cold storage (4 weeks at 4°C). Expression of HsfA1, HsfA2, HsfA3, and HsfB1 was also examined. Two cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) contrasting in chilling tolerance were assayed: Micro‐Tom (chilling‐tolerant) and Minitomato (chilling‐sensitive). Results showed that sHsps were induced during ripening in fruit from both cultivars. However, sHsps were induced in Micro‐Tom fruit but not in Minitomato fruit after storage at a low temperature. In particular, sHsp 17.4‐CII and sHsp23.8‐M transcripts strongly accumulated in Micro‐Tom fruit and HsfA3 transcript diminished after cold storage. These data suggest that sHsps may be involved in the protection mechanisms against chilling stress and substantiate the hypothesis that sHsps may participate in the mechanism of tomato genotype chilling tolerance.
•The role of M-sHSP23.8 in the chilling stress was evaluated.•Overexpression of M-sHSP23.8 prevented fruit chilling injury.•Knock-down lines of M-sHSP23.8 suffered damage due to cold ...stress.•Alterations at almost all classes of glycerolipids in fruit after chilling stress.•The higher chilling injury of the fruit was related to the altered glycerolipidome.
Our previous report indicated that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit of two contrasting varieties in the chilling tolerance showed the opposite expression pattern of a mitochondrial small heat shock protein (M-sHSP23.8) gene after chilling stress. Thus, the fruit of the relatively tolerant variety Micro-Tom strongly accumulated M-sHSP23.8 transcripts while the susceptible var. Minitomato fruit did not. To test whether M-sHSP23.8 is involved in tomato fruit protection mechanisms against chilling stress, Minitomato fruit overexpressing M-sHSP23.8 (OE23.8) and knockdown Micro-Tom fruit with reduced levels of M-sHSP23.8 (amiR23.8) were developed. After chilling treatment, most of the amiR23.8 fruit failed to ripen normally, showed wilting and skin wrinkles, partial discoloration, and did not reach full red color. On the contrary, these chilling injury symptoms were significantly diminished in OE23.8 fruit, showing less visible deterioration after chilling. Fruit of OE23.8 and amiR23.8 showed opposite patterns of water loss, electrolyte leakage, and expression of the tomato catalase 1 gene compared to control fruit. Membrane lipidome profile evidenced that amiR23.8 fruit showed differential adjustment of extraplastidic and plastidic lipids and variations in the lipid remodeling compared to control fruit, suggesting alterations in the membrane integrity. The high sensitivity of Micro-Tom amiR23.8 fruit and the better performance of Minitomato OE23.8 fruit to chilling treatment indicate that sHSP23.8 may be crucial in the chilling stress tolerance in tomato fruit.
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (t-MN) is a threatening complication of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Detecting clonal hematopoiesis (CH) mutations in cryopreserved cells before ASCT ...has been associated with a higher risk of t-MN, but the evolution of molecular abnormalities from pre-ASCT to t-MN, within the same patient, remains to be elucidated. We evaluated the mutational profile of 19 lymphoma/myeloma patients, at both pre-ASCT and t-MN diagnosis, using a targeted NGS approach; 26 non-developing t-MN control patients were also studied pre-ASCT. At ASCT, we found a higher frequency of CH in patients developing t-MN (58%) than in those who did not (23%) (
P
= 0.029); mutations in epigenetic (DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1) and DNA repair genes (PPM1D, RAD21, TP53, and STAG2) were the most represented. At t-MN, CH increased to 82% of patients. Cumulative mutational burden and variant allele frequency (VAF) also increased at t-MN. CH clones detected at ASCT were found at t-MN in eight out of 16 patients, mainly with stable VAF. Among the new driver mutations appeared at t-MN, TP53 increased from one to 13 mutations, in nine patients; being associated with complex karyotype. Mutations in transcription factor (RUNX1, CEBPA) and intracellular signaling genes (FLT3, RAS genes) also increased from three to 17 mutations in eight patients, presenting with a normal karyotype. Overall, we found that preexisting CH at ASCT rarely causes t-MN directly, but may rather facilitate the appearance of new mutations, especially those involving TP53, RUNX1, and RAS, that can drive the evolution to t-MN of at least two distinct types.
•Micro-Tom fruit exhibited chilling tolerance after storage at 4 °C during four weeks.•Cold storage provoked specific transcriptional and metabolome re-configuration.•Cold storage induced ...fermentation, defense response, and amino acid mobilization.•Fruit photosynthesis was recovered after cold storage.
Prevention of post-harvest fruit losses is important to increase food availability. In the case of tomato, postharvest storage at low temperature and the subsequent handling and distribution of fruit is limited by chilling injury, a physiological disorder that causes failure to normally ripen and increased decay disease. Micro-Tom fruit, a dwarf tomato variety, is relatively tolerant to cold storage (4 °C for 4 weeks). To understand the tolerance mechanism of Micro-Tom fruit at the molecular level, its transcriptome and metabolome were evaluated before, after chilling storage, and shortly after transferring the fruit to ambient temperature to focus on the critical early events accounting chilling tolerance. Changes in gene expression and metabolic profiles indicate metabolic adaptation (fermentation, amino acid mobilization and photosynthesis recovery after cold storage) and induction of defense mechanisms (biotic and abiotic stress, and redox metabolism) that can be related with Micro-Tom tolerance to postharvest chilling injury. The current research extends the understanding of the mechanisms involved in chilling tolerance and provides tools for developing new technologies and varieties.
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a highly heritable condition with multiple genetic causes. In this study, similarities and differences of gray matter (GM) atrophy patterns were assessed among 3 ...common forms of genetic FTD (mutations in C9orf72, GRN, and MAPT). Participants from the Genetic FTD Initiative (GENFI) cohort with a suitable volumetric T1 magnetic resonance imaging scan were included (319): 144 nonmutation carriers, 128 presymptomatic mutation carriers, and 47 clinically affected mutation carriers. Cross-sectional differences in GM volume between noncarriers and carriers were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. In the affected carriers, each genetic mutation group exhibited unique areas of atrophy but also a shared network involving the insula, orbitofrontal lobe, and anterior cingulate. Presymptomatic GM atrophy was observed particularly in the thalamus and cerebellum in the C9orf72 group, the anterior and medial temporal lobes in MAPT, and the posterior frontal and parietal lobes as well as striatum in GRN. Across all presymptomatic carriers, there were significant decreases in the anterior insula. These results suggest that although there are important differences in atrophy patterns for each group (which can be seen presymptomatically), there are also similarities (a fronto-insula-anterior cingulate network) that help explain the clinical commonalities of the disease.
En el centro-oeste de Santa Cruz (Patagonia, Argentina) se han desarrollado investigaciones arqueológicas desde hace más de 40 años. Desde sus inicios, el equipo de trabajo estableció vínculos con ...las comunidades de Perito Moreno, Gobernador Gregores y Lago Posadas y se desarrollaron charlas y talleres con distintos actores sociales de estas localidades. A partir de diversos factores, en los últimos años se sistematizaron las tareas de gestión y extensión. En particular, se han realizado distintas actividades en las localidades mencionadas y en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, en las que han participado estudiantes y docentes de distintos niveles educativos, autoridades, emprendedores turísticos, representantes de las comunidades originarias y otros pobladores locales. En este artículo, en primer lugar, se resumen las experiencias del equipo de trabajo en relación con la comunicación pública de la ciencia a lo largo de aproximadamente cuatro décadas. En particular se consideran los distintos tipos de actividades llevadas a cabo y los vínculos establecidos con las distintas localidades y los actores sociales participantes. Asimismo, se relaciona esta trayectoria de trabajo con las coyunturas locales y otros aspectos contextuales que incidieron en su desarrollo. Por último, se reflexiona sobre las características de nuestra propia experiencia en la comunicación pública de la ciencia atendiendo a sus alcances y limitaciones.
Background
Anophthalmia is the absence of one or both eyes, and it can be congenital (i.e. a birth defect) or acquired later in life. There are two main types of orbital implant: integrated, whereby ...the implant receives a blood supply from the body that allows for the integration of the prosthesis within the tissue; and non‐integrated, where the implant remains separate. Despite the remarkable progress in anophthalmic socket reconstruction and in the development of various types of implants, there are still uncertainties about the real roles of integrated (hydroxyapatite (HA), porous polyethylene (PP), composites) and non‐integrated (polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/acrylic and silicone) orbital implants in anophthalmic socket treatment.
Objectives
To assess the effects of integrated versus non‐integrated orbital implants for treating anophthalmic sockets.
Search methods
We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register) (2016, Issue 7), Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In‐Process and Other Non‐Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily, Ovid OLDMEDLINE (January 1946 to August 2016), Embase (January 1980 to August 2016), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database (LILACS) (1982 to August 2016), the ISRCTN registry (www.isrctn.com/editAdvancedSearch), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov), and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en). We did not use any date or language restrictions in the electronic searches for trials. We last searched the electronic databases on 8 August 2016.
Selection criteria
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi‐RCTs of integrated and non‐integrated orbital implants for treating anophthalmic sockets.
Data collection and analysis
Two authors independently selected relevant trials, assessed methodological quality and extracted data.
Main results
We included three studies with a total of 284 participants (250 included in analysis). The studies were conducted in India, Iran and the Netherlands. The three studies were clinically heterogenous, comparing different materials and using different surgical techniques. None of the included studies used a peg (i.e. a fixing pin used to connect the implant to the prosthesis). In general the trials were poorly reported, and we judged them to be at unclear risk of bias.
One trial compared HA using traditional enucleation versus alloplastic implantation using evisceration (N = 100). This trial was probably not masked. The second trial compared PP with scleral cap enucleation versus PMMA with either myoconjunctival or traditional enucleation (N = 150). Although participants were not masked, outcome assessors were. The last trial compared HA and acrylic using the enucleation technique (N = 34) but did not report comparative effectiveness data.
In the trial comparing HA versus alloplastic implantation, there was no evidence of any difference between the two groups with respect to the proportion of successful procedures at one year (risk ratio (RR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.09, N = 100, low‐certainty evidence). People receiving HA had slightly worse horizontal implant mobility compared to the alloplastic group (mean difference (MD) −3.35 mm, 95% CI −4.08 to −2.62, very low‐certainty evidence) and slightly worse vertical implant motility (MD −2.76 mm, 95% CI −3.45 to −2.07, very low‐certainty evidence). As different techniques were used – enucleation versus evisceration – it is not clear whether these differences in implant motility can be attributed solely to the type of material. Investigators did not report adverse events.
In the trial comparing PP versus PMMA, there was no evidence of any difference between the two groups with respect to the proportion of successful procedures at one year (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.01, N = 150, low‐certainty evidence). There was very low‐certainty evidence of a difference in horizontal implant motility depending on whether PP was compared to PMMA with traditional enucleation (MD 1.96 mm, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.91) or PMMA with myoconjunctival enucleation (−0.57 mm, 95% CI −1.63 to 0.49). Similarly, for vertical implant motility, there was very low‐certainty evidence of a difference in the comparison of PP to PMMA traditional (MD 3.12 mm 95% CI 2.36 to 3.88) but no evidence of a difference when comparing PP to PMMA myoconjunctival (MD −0.20 mm 95% CI −1.28 to 0.88). Four people in the PP group (total N = 50) experienced adverse events (i.e. exposures) compared to 6/100 in the PMMA groups (RR 17.82, 95% CI 0.98 to 324.67, N = 150, very low‐certainty evidence).
None of the studies reported socket sphere size, cosmetic effect or quality of life measures.
Authors' conclusions
Current very low‐certainty evidence from three small published randomised controlled trials did not provide sufficient evidence to assess the effect of integrated and non‐integrated material orbital implants for treating anophthalmic sockets. This review underlines the need to conduct further well‐designed trials in this field.
A concomitant drug-based score was developed by our group and externally validated for prognostic and predictive purposes in patients with advanced cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors ...(ICIs). The model considers the use of three classes of drugs within a month before initiating ICI, assigning score 1 for each between proton pump inhibitor and antibiotic administration until a month before immunotherapy initiation and score 2 in case of corticosteroid intake. In the present analysis, the drug score was validated in a prospective population of 305 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with ipilimumab plus nivolumab in the first-line setting. The value of the model in predicting overall survival and progression-free survival was statistically significant and clinically meaningful, with an overall survival rate at 12 months of 73% vs. 44% (P<0.0001), and median progression-free survival of 11.6 (95% CI: 9.1-14.1) months versus 4.8 (95% CI: 2.7-7.0) months (P=0.002), respectively, for patients belonging to the favorable group (score 0-1) versus the unfavorable (score 2-4). Further development will be represented by the gut microbiome analysis according to the drug-based model classification and to the outcome of patients to ICI therapy to demonstrate the link between drug exposure and immune sensitivity.
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