Copper coordination complexes have emerged as a group of transition metal complexes that play important roles in solar energy conversion, utilization and storage, and have the potential to replace ...the quintessential commonly used transition metals, like Co, Pt, Ir and Ru as light sensitizers, redox mediators, electron donors and catalytic centers. The applications of copper coordination compounds in chemistry and energy related technologies are many and demonstrate their rightful place as sustainable, low toxicity and Earth-abundant alternative materials. In this perspective we show the most recent impact made by copper coordination complexes in dye-sensitized solar cells and other energy relevant applications.
The aim of the present study was to increase the solubility of an anti-allergic drug loratadine by making its inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin and to develop it’s thermally triggered ...mucoadhesive
in situ
nasal gel so as to overcome first-pass effect and consequently enhance its bioavailability. A total of eight formulations were prepared by cold method and optimized by 2
3
full factorial design. Independent variables (concentration of poloxamer 407, concentration of carbopol 934 P, and pure drug or its inclusion complex) were optimized in order to achieve desired gelling temperature with sufficient mucoadhesive strength and maximum permeation across experimental nasal membrane. The design was validated by extra design checkpoint formulation (F9) and Pareto charts were used to help eliminate terms that did not have a statistically significant effect. The response surface plots and possible interactions between independent variables were analyzed using Design Expert Software 8.0.2 (Stat Ease, Inc., USA). Faster drug permeation with zero-order kinetics and target flux was achieved with formulation containing drug: β-cyclodextrin complex rather than those made with free drug. The optimized formulation (F8) with a gelling temperature of 28.6 ± 0.47°C and highest mucoadhesive strength of 7,676.0 ± 0.97 dyn/cm
2
displayed 97.74 ± 0.87% cumulative drug permeation at 6 h. It was stable for over 3 months and histological examination revealed no remarkable damage to the nasal tissue.
Fruit extracts have natural bioactive molecules that are known to possess significant therapeutic potential. Traditionally, metallic nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical methods, in which the ...chemical act as the reducing agent. Later, these traditional metallic nanoparticles emerged as the biological risk, which prompted researchers to explore an eco-friendly approach. There are different eco-friendly methods employed for synthesizing these metallic nanoparticles via the usage of microbes and plants, primarily via fruit extract. These explorations have paved the way for using fruit extracts for developing nanoparticles, as they eliminate the usage of reducing and stabilizing agents. Metallic nanoparticles have gained significant attention, and are used for diverse biological applications. The present review discusses the potential activities of phytochemicals, and it intends to summarize the different metallic nanoparticles synthesized using fruit extracts and their associated pharmacological activities like anti-cancerous, antimicrobial, antioxidant and catalytic efficiency.
Fluoride can be hazardous to the body if consumed in excess. Fluoride exposure in humans can occur through the consumption of contaminated groundwater. The purpose of this study is to determine the ...amount of fluoride present in the area under investigation and to determine the health risks associated with its ingestion by adults and children. In accordance with the method recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency, the assessment of the health risk was done using the Chronic Daily Intake (CDI) and Hazard Quotient (HQfluoride). The fluoride in groundwater varies from 0.37 - 2.70mg/L in the study area. According to the sampling results of all locations, the HQfluoride value in adult males ranges from 0.38 to 2.77, 0.34 to 2.45 in adult females, and 0.41–3.0 in children, which is above the permissible limits for most of the sampling locations, indicating significantly higher health risks. The outcomes of this study could be beneficial for organizations in charge of promoting human health.
The ever-growing global population, combined with the industrial revolution and increased consumerism, has led to an exponential surge in waste generation. The implementation of integrated solid ...waste management (ISWM) is crucial for addressing the challenges posed by increasing waste generation and limited landfill space. Remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as powerful tools to support ISWM strategies through their diverse applications. This short review explores the novel applications of RS and GIS in ISWM and highlights their potential for enhancing waste management practices. RS techniques, such as satellite imagery and aerial photography, enable the accurate mapping and monitoring of waste generation, disposal sites, and recycling facilities. GIS facilitates spatial analysis and decision-making, allowing for optimized waste collection routes, landfill site selection, and the identification of suitable locations for waste-to-energy projects. Furthermore, RS and GIS provide valuable insights into waste composition analysis, landfill stability assessment, and environmental impact evaluation. This review underscores the importance of leveraging RS and GIS technologies to improve waste management practices and offers valuable recommendations for future research in this field.
The nasal route is an attractive target for administration of the drug of choice, particularly in overcoming disadvantages such as high first-pass metabolism and drug degradation in the ...gastrointestinal environment that are associated with the oral and other modes of administration. The major limitation associated is of rapid mucociliary clearance in the nasal delivery that results in low absorption and hence poor bioavailability. In order to overcome this, mucoadhesive in situ nasal gelling drug delivery systems have been explored to develop sustained/controlled delivery via nasal route.
The present review critically evaluates the importance of in situ gel for the nasal delivery of drugs, and the polymers used in the formulation of in situ gel along with their mechanism of gelation. It also encompasses the research reports made in this arena of delivery system.
The challenges of drug delivery through nose has led to development of in situ nasal gelling systems using a myriad of polymers to deliver the drugs, proteins, amino acids, hormones, vaccines and plasmid DNA for the local, systemic and central nervous system effects. Though a range of preclinical reports are available, clinical intricacies need to be critically worked out.
This study aimed to determine the fluoride concentration in drinking water and assess its health risks by analyzing 12 physicochemical parameters, including fluoride, pH, EC, TDS, chloride, carbonate ...and bicarbonate (alkalinity), sulfate, nitrate, calcium, and magnesium hardness. Correlation analysis, WQI, and HRA were used to determine whether groundwater in the study area was suitable for drinking. Correlation analysis showed that fluoride was negatively correlated with EC (-0.649), CO32- (-0.855) and positively correlated with Mg2+ (+0.559). All water samples exceeded the permissible fluoride limits according to BIS (IS 10500:2012). The WQI for all water samples was more than 100, indicating that the water was not suitable for drinking. Health risk assessment was also performed to determine the risks of non-carcinogenic diseases. The Hazard Index (HI) was determined as greater than 1. The HI ranged from 1.275 to 3.346 for adult men, 1.431 to 3.954 for adult women, and 1.986 to 5.4864 for children. Fluoride concentrations in drinking water pose a greater health risk to children than to adults. The fluoride level in drinking water is an essential parameter that must be monitored as a preventive measure against dental and skeletal fluorosis.
India is one of the countries that face the serious problem of groundwater contamination. The current study's main objective is to evaluate the quality of the groundwater in the Serghati and its ...surrounding region of the Gaya district and its suitability for drinking purposes. To achieve this aim, 75 groundwater samples from the 15 sampling sites were collected during the period from March to May 2022. We measured and analyzed the major physicochemical characteristics of the water and compared them to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. With the help of the Water Quality Index (WQI), groundwater quality was assessed. According to the study results, 3 sites have a WQI value of more than 100, which is unsuitable for drinking. Correlation matrices were used to assess groundwater quality and the extent of the interdependencies of the various parameters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reduces the number of significant variables. Three principal components with a total variance of 73.53% were identified and used in the analysis. Overall, the result indicates that most areas' water quality is good and safe for drinking.
The ingestion of contaminated water and food is known to cause food illness. Moreover, on assessing the patients suffering from foodborne disease has revealed the role of microbes in such diseases. ...Concerning which different methods have been developed for protecting food from microbes, the treatment of food with chemicals has been reported to exhibit an unwanted organoleptic effect while also affecting the nutritional value of food. Owing to these challenges, the demand for natural food preservatives has substantially increased. Therefore, the interest of researchers and food industries has shifted towards fruit polyphenols as potent inhibitors of foodborne bacteria. Recently, numerous fruit polyphenols have been acclaimed for their ability to avert toxin production and biofilm formation. Furthermore, various studies have recommended using fruit polyphenols solely or in combination with chemical disinfectants and food preservatives. Currently, different nanoparticles have been synthesized using fruit polyphenols to curb the growth of pathogenic microbes. Hence, this review intends to summarize the current knowledge about fruit polyphenols as antibacterial agents against foodborne pathogens. Additionally, the application of different fruit extracts in synthesizing functionalized nanoparticles has also been discussed.
A mononuclear iron(II) complex FeII(N4PyMe2)(OTf)(OTf)(1), supported by a new pentadentate ligand, bis(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-N,N-bis((pyridin-2-yl)methyl)methanamine (N4PyMe2), has been ...isolated and characterized. Introduction of methyl groups in the 6-position of two pyridine rings makes the N4PyMe2 a weaker field ligand compared to the parent N4Py ligand. Complex 1 is high-spin in the solid state and converts to FeII(N4PyMe2)(CH3CN)(OTf)2 (1a) in acetonitrile solution. The iron(II) complex in acetonitrile displays temperature-dependent spin-crossover behavior over a wide range of temperature. In its reaction with m-CPBA or oxone in acetonitrile at −10 °C, the iron(II) complex converts to an iron(IV)-oxo species, FeIV(O)(N4PyMe2)2+ (2). Complex 2 exhibits the Mössbauer parameters δ = 0.05 mm/s and ΔE Q = 0.62 mm/s, typical of N-ligated S = 1 iron(IV)-oxo species. The iron(IV)-oxo complex has a half-life of only 14 min at 25 °C and is reactive toward oxygen-atom-transfer and hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) reactions. Compared to the parent complex FeIV(O)(N4Py)2+, 2 is more reactive in oxidizing thioanisole and oxygenates the C–H bonds of aliphatic substrates including that of cyclohexane. The enhanced reactivity of 2 toward cyclohexane results from the involvement of the S = 2 transition state in the HAT pathway and a lower triplet-quintet splitting compared to FeIV(O)(N4Py)2+, as supported by DFT calculations. The second-order rate constants for HAT by 2 is well correlated with the C–H bond dissociation energies of aliphatic substrates. Surprisingly, the slope of this correlation is different from that of FeIV(O)(N4Py)2+, and 2 is more reactive only in the case of strong C–H bonds (>86 kcal/mol), but less reactive in the case of weaker C–H bonds. Using oxone as the oxidant, the iron(II) complex displays catalytic oxidations of substrates with low activity but with good selectivity.
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