•Advantages of TiO2 as a photocatalyst is reviewed.•Improvement of band gap in TiO2 by various doping reviewed.•Role of the modification in the physical structure towards the photocatalytic activity ...of various photocatalysts are reviewed.•Various preparation routes on the morphology of catalysts also reviewed.
Nano sized semiconductor photocatalysts have a great scope for removal of large organic molecules like dyes and pesticides in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner. The photocatalytic decomposition of dyeing industrial wastewater produces negligible amount of solid by products. The problem associated with the existing catalysts are, their high band gap. Doping one catalyst with other suitable metals and metal oxides will enhance the efficiency of the photocatalyst and also makes the catalyst to be active in the visible region. The photocatalytic activity of the composite catalysts were highly improved through the modification in the crystallinity, micro structures, band gap, morphology, particle size and the surface area of the catalyst. This paper reviews the recent developments in the synthesis and application of composite photocatalysts. The role of synthetic pathways on the structure and activity of composite catalyst derived from TiO2, CdS, WO3, SnS and ZnO were analyzed. This paper will be more helpful for the scientists working in the field of nano sized photocatalysis.
This article presents the design, analyses and implementation of the novel routing protocol for energy optimization based on LEACH for WSN. Network Lifetime is the major problem in various routing ...protocols used in WSN. In order to overcome that problem, our proposed routing protocol is developed, which is a combination of Micro Genetic algorithm with LEACH protocol. Our proposed µGA-LEACH protocol, strengthen the cluster head (CH) selection and also reduce the energy consumption of the network when compared to existing protocols. This paper shows the improvement of network lifetime and energy consumption with the optimal CH selection based on a micro genetic algorithm and also compared the results with an existing hierarchical routing protocol like LEACH, LEACH-C, LEACH GA and GADA LEACH routing protocol with various packet sizes, and initial energy.
Display omitted
•The new pyridine-pyrazole based chemosensor was designed, synthesized and characterized for the detection of Fe3+ ions.•The PPPC exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity toward Fe3+ ...ions over other metal ions.•Fluorescence quenching mechanism is due to the binding interaction of the Fe3+ ion with PPPC.•Fe3+ ion inhibits the ICT process by forming a complex with PPPC.
A novel pyridine-pyrazole based “turn-off” fluorescent chemosensor namely, 5-N-(pyridine-2-yl)-3-(pyridine-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (PPPC) was designed, synthesized and well characterized by NMR, ESI-MS and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies show that PPPC exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+ ion in DMSO/H2O solution (9:1, v/v) over other metal ions. The binding constant (K) of PPPC with Fe3+ was calculated to be 5.1 × 10−2 M and 6.1 × 10−2 M from Benesi-Hildebrand plot using UV–vis and fluorescence spectrophotometer respectively. The detection limit of PPPC for Fe3+ was further determined as 57 nM and 88 nM by UV–vis and fluorescence titrations. Moreover, the binding mechanism of Fe3+ with PPPC was confirmed by DFT study.
In an effective Wireless Network (WN), low latency and reliability are essential to provide adequate infrastructure for better communication. Cooperative Communication is one efficient way to achieve ...these wireless network goals. In this research, the machine learning-based Decode and Forward (DF) coding was developed in conjunction with the network coding algorithm to improve cooperative communication and system functionality that select relays which will not cause interference in a wireless network. Here, the Interference-Thwarting Relay Selection (ITRS) technique is intended to aid reliable communication while reducing self-interference. It is possible to monitor and measure suitable relays in the communication process with the help of a machine learning system. Thus, the proposed Interference-Thwarting Relay Selection technique is implemented with the parameters like Bit Error Rate (BER) as 10
−6
, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) as 36 dB, Symbol Error Rate (SER) as 10
−8
and throughput with the power allocation factors. The simulated Machine Learning-Optimized Relay Selection Method (ML-ORSM) results achieve the improved optimal power allocation with symbol error rate.
This paper introduces an approach for the VM migration based on optimization algorithm, named CS in cloud. The provider to be selected is carried out with the usage of multiple constraints, like ...delay, bandwidth, cost, and load. Subsequently, the effective searching criteria are computed for finding the optimal service on the basis of fitness constraints. The searching criteria are formulated as optimization problems, which are tackled using CS. The proposed CS is designed by integrating CSO with the SSA such that the fitness function is evaluated for the optimal VM migration by considering several parameters, such as delay, cost, bandwidth, and load. Thus, the cloud manager will perform the migration of VM in cloud based on proposed CS-based VM migration approach. The performance of the CS-based VM migration is evaluated in terms of delay, cost, and load. The proposed CS-based VM migration method achieves the minimal delay of 0.146, minimal cost of 0.052, and the minimal load of 0.182.
Based on behavioural or physical characteristics, humans are recognized by using biometric system. In computer vision and pattern recognition domain, dynamic research is going on in face recognition. ...Face recognition algorithms are challenged by intra-personal changes in pose, illumination, and expression (PIE). Images are processed and matched with various databases. For face recognition, multi-task learning (MTL) is explored in this work. However, recognition of faces from blur and poor illumination becomes difficult. Recovering face from mixed noise degradation is a challenging and promising theme. This work explores an ensample convolutional neural network (ECNN) for face recognition. Initially a new adaptive morphological bilateral filtering (AMBF) method is proposed. Without introducing undershoot or overshoot, slope of edges is increased for sharpening a blur image. Quality sharpening enhancement is assured by various morphological operations like closing, opening, erosion and dilation with proper size of structure element. In addition to adaptive bilateral filter, mathematical morphology operations are included to enhance the performance. Then a multi-task ECNN is implemented for a main classification task and estimation of pose, blur, illumination, and expression (PBIE) as side tasks. For every side task, loss weights are assigned automatically by developing bat algorithm (BA) based dynamic-weighing method. In multi-task ECNN, balance between various tasks are achieved. Hence, proposed method is effectively demonstrated by the results of experimentation on entire multi-PIE dataset.
Display omitted
► NiFe2O4 nanorods synthesized by co-precipitation method at high concentration of PEO. ► PEO play an important role in the formation, size and shape control of the nanorods. ► ...Nanorods with representative diameter of 60–65nm and length of 142–147nm. ► The shape anisotropy enhances the coercive field and decreases the magnetization. ► Synthesized nanostructures exhibit ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature.
Highly ordered single crystalline nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanorods have been successfully synthesized by a polymer assisted co-precipitation method using polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a capping and a polymer structure directing reagent. In this synthesis, the addition of high concentration of PEO seems to play an important role in the formation, size and shape control of the nanorods. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) exhibit that the obtained nanorods can be indexed to single crystalline inverse spinel with Fd3m space group. The synthesized NiFe2O4 products were characterized in terms of their structural and magnetic properties. The morphological investigations using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal that the grown products are rod-like structure with the diameters in the range of 60–65nm and length of 142–147nm. The coercivity of prepared nanorods with high concentration of PEO reached as high as 904.46Oe at room temperature (300K), superior to that of nanoparticles obtained with low concentration of PEO. Hence, it can be used for high frequency electronics and gas sensing applications. On the basis of these experimental results, possible influence mechanisms in the growth processes are discussed.
Transition metal oxides with unique nanoarchitectures are being appraised as plausible candidates for the highly selective detection of contaminating organic gases due to their earth abundance, high ...surface area, and outstanding miniaturization potential. Here, two different nanoarchitectures of nickel molybdate (NMO), namely 3D-honeycombs (NMO-HCs) and 3D-rectangular nanosheets (NMO-RNS), are proposed and synthesized via a two-step wet-chemical process and characterized for their potential application in ethanol gas sensors. The successful formation of the different nanostructures and the even distribution of all the elements are demonstrated using various morphological and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDAX) analyses. In addition, N2-adsorption/desorption analysis is performed to confirm the highly porous nature and maximum surface areas of 30.4 m2 g−1 and 91.3 m2 g−1 at 77 K for the NMO-HCs and NMO-RNS, respectively. Furthermore, gas sensing analysis reveals that the NMO-HCs-based sensor provides a maximum gas response (Ra/Rg) of ~15.2 while the NMO-RNS-based sensor exhibits a 5.5 times higher maximum gas response of ~78.9 at the optimal operating temperature. Further, using Ra/Rg = 1.2 as the detection limit point, the lower limit of ethanol gas detection is found to be 0.2 ppm for the NMO-RNS-based device. Finally, the probable gas-sensing mechanism of the NMO-RNS is discussed. The present study indicates that the NMO-RNS sensor can sense ppb-levels of ethanol and is suitable for the monitoring of outdoor and indoor air quality in practical applications.
Wet-chemical process assisted nickel molybdate (NMO) rectangular nanosheets were synthesized which demonstrates enhanced sensing performance towards ethanol. Display omitted
•Nickel molybdate (NMO) nanosheets were prepared through wet-chemical process.•It exhibited 3D-hierarchical rectangular nanosheets morphology.•The NMO-RNS delivered the superior electrocatalytic activity.•The NMO-RNS achieved maximum gas response = 78.9.•The low detection limit of 0.2 ppm was achieved.
A proposed hybrid approaches are incorporated in Electric Vehicle (EV) fast charging station (FCS) using (RES). Hybrid approach is improved by Adaptive Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (AHPSO) ...named as AHWPSO, moreover the proposed work Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) is assist with adaptive hybridize PSO algorithm. Therefore, an overall pricing cost should be reduced maximum Electric Vehicle Charging Station (EVCS) with minimal installation. This simulation work is verified an adaptive time varying weightage parameters to increase the AHWPSO particle diversity factor. Proposed algorithm is incorporated with improve the novelty, and compared the results are recent version of PSO used for EVCS. Its increase the charging ability, energy loss minimization, voltage deviation reduction, and cost minimization. A distribution micro-grid capacity and demand are tested. Similarly, low to peak period energy variations are controlled by proposed algorithm with reduced capacitor bank. Overall control algorithm code is executed buy MATLAB/Simulink platform, the performance of this work listed, and compare to the existing approaches with achievement of maximum efficiency.
PDF
