U radu se bavi normativnim značenjem multikulturalizma i idejom promicanja kulturne različitosti putem politika identiteta, politika različitosti i politika priznavanja te multikulturalističkim ...politikama kao odgovorima na izazove povezane s kulturnim i religijskim različitostima. Iznošenjem triju multikulturnih teorija – liberalnog multikulturalizma, egalitarnog multikulturalizma i dijaloškog multikulturalizma i njihovom kritikom želi se upozoriti na ograničene dosege i nesuglasja u vezi s načinima uključivanja različitih kulturnih skupina u društvo. Da bi se upozorilo na propuste multikulturalističkih politika u integraciji migranata, raspravlja se o kritici multikulturalizma iz aspekta političkih lidera Njemačke, Velike Britanije i Francuske, povezanosti etničke različitosti, multikulturalizma i socijalne države te o integracijskim učincima multikulturalističkih politika u zemljama s izdašnom socijalnom državom. Na kraju se predlažu napuštanje jednodimenzionalnog shvaćanja multikulturalizma i uvođenje pristupa koji će u sebi objediniti politiku ekonomske redistribucije i politiku priznavanja različitosti.
Autorice se bave određenim aspektima oblikovanja granica u prošlosti i suvremenosti
na prostorima današnje Hrvatske iz sociološke i povijesne perspektive.
Nastoje kontekstualizirati neke okolnosti ...pod kojima se granice između zemalja
uspostavljaju, održavaju i mijenjaju. Granice se obično konstruiraju kako bi isključivale
Druge i/ili strance, a kao društveni proizvod čije se značenje s vremenom
mijenja one uvijek određuju pripadnost. One se s jedne strane tiču ograničenja,
podjela, konflikata i isključivanja između etničkih/nacionalnih skupina, ali i
procesa proširivanja, uključivanja i redefiniranja u skladu s političkim interesima
na lokalnim, regionalnim, nacionalnim i nadnacionalnim razinama. Upotrebom
interdisciplinarnog pristupa u komparativnoj perspektivi preispituju se uloge i
značenja rubnosti hrvatskih granica u ranom novom vijeku, kada su, gotovo na
istim mjestima kao i danas, granice predstavljale civilizacijsku periferiju i konfesionalno
definiranu barijeru prema Drugome (Antemurale Christianitatis). Provedena
analiza pokazala je da uloga granice Republike Hrvatske, među ostalim, pridonosi
obrani Fortress Europe (Šengenskog područja) od neregularnih migracija,
odnosno migranata kao Drugih. U radu je na izabranim slučajevima utvrđeno da
političke elite, ovisno o svojim interesima, oblikuju i upravljaju granicom, čineći
je (ne)propusnom za kretanje kapitala, usluga i ljudi. Pritom je svakodnevica lokalnog
stanovništva na granici često bila, a i danas jest u opreci s proklamiranim
politikama ograničenja nametnutima odozgo, pretvarajući granicu od prepreke
u mjesto razmjene i suradnje. S druge strane, pokazalo se da fragmentacija europskog
prostora i jačanje nacionalnih interesa umjesto proklamiranom idealu
„Europa bez granica“ vodi osnaživanju „Europe granica“.
The authors deal with selected aspects of past and present border shaping processes in Croatia, regarding its sociological and historical perspective. Some circumstances under which the boundaries ...between countries are established, maintained and changed are discussed. As socially constructed phenomena, the boundaries change their meaning over time, aiming to exclude the Others and/or Strangers and to determine the belonging. They are under ambivalent pressure of limitations, divisions, conflicts and exclusions on ethnic or national level on one hand and under impact of the enlarging processes, inclusions and political interests on local, regional, national and supranational levels, on the other hand. Such a comparative interdisciplinary approach reveals liminal character and importance of Croatian borders which, positioned at almost same places as today, were in the Early Modern Period perceived as the civilization edge (e.g. Antemurale Christianitatis) and confessional barrier towards the Other. The analisys showed that the role of Croatian borders is apparently, among the others, to strengthen the defence of the Fortress Europe (Schengen area) from the irregular migrants and migrants as the Others. On selected cases the paper examined how do political elites manage to shape the borders and make it (non) permeable for the movement of goods, services and people, depending on their interests. While the certain policies were imposed from above, everyday practices of local population were usually opposed and still happen to oppose proclaimed limitation, turning the boundary from the barrier to the place of exchange and cooperation. Simultaneously, the fragmentation of European space and strengthening of national interests leads to stronger “Europe of borders” instead of the proclaimed ideal of “Europe without borders”.
Migrations undertaken by highly skilled persons assume an important position in knowledge societies, especially in large global cities where there is a need for their work. This article is based on ...qualitative research conducted in Brussels in 2014, working with a sample (N=20) of highly skilled migrants from Southeast Europe. Through applying Bosswick and Heckmann's (2006) analytical framework, this research examines the influence of European Union citizenship on the system and social dimension to the integration of the researched group. Under system integration, the gaining and enacting of citizenship rights receives special attention, while with social integration, the identificational dimension to integration is in focus. The research results demonstrated that the possession of EU citizenship influences the integration outcome – to a greater extent in the case of system integration, and to a lesser extent with social integration. Given that the integration of highly skilled migrants in Brussels occurs within "international strata", rather than a national culture framework, the classic integration model does not function in Brussels. In the case of the integration of highly skilled migrants in a global city such as Brussels, it was shown that migrants do not attach an importance to (national) citizenship as long as they have EU citizenship. Highly skilled migrants from third countries do attach an importance to national citizenship so long as they do not have a work permit with which they are regulating their stay and provided that they plan to settle for a long time in Belgium.
Pandemic Management Systems and Migration Gregurović, Margareta; Gregurović, Snježana; Kumpes, Josip ...
Migracijske i etničke teme,
12/2020, Volume:
36, Issue:
2/3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Brzi razvoj i širenje bolesti koja predstavlja zdravstvenu prijetnju većem udjelu stanovništva imaju učinak na funkcioniranje gotovo svih društvenih sustava, kako unutar tako i izvan granica ...nacionalne države, utječući stoga i na mogućnosti slobodnoga kretanja i migracija. Glavni je cilj ovog rada raspraviti osnovne mehanizme kontrole bolesti u odnosu na migracije u različitim društveno-povijesnim kontekstima. Pritom se identificiraju i uspoređuju povijesni obrasci i suvremene mjere sustava preventivne kontrole, uzimajući u obzir širi društveni kontekst i specifični položaj migranata. U ovome se radu kombiniraju povijesni uvidi u različite upravljačke i političke sustave u Europi i Hrvatskoj koji su tražili odgovarajuće mjere za sprečavanje širenja zaraznih bolesti sa stanjem u borbi protiv pandemije bolesti COVID-19. Regulacijom i upravljanjem aktualnom pandemijom bolesti COVID-19 uvedena su ograničenja prekograničnoga kretanja i putovanja. Ta ograničenja i uvođenje karantenskih mjera naglo su zaustavili ne samo međunarodnu već i migraciju unutar granica nacionalnih država, posebno tijekom prvog vala pandemije u proljeće 2020. Stoga je naglasak stavljen na učinke pandemije bolesti COVID-19 na radne i prisilne migracije, ali i na učinak mehanizama upravljanja pandemijom na razvoj stavova javnosti prema imigrantima.
Sustavi upravljanja pandemijom i migracije Gregurović, Margareta; Gregurović, Snježana; Kumpes, Josip ...
Migracijske i etničke teme,
12/2020, Volume:
36, Issue:
2-3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Brzi razvoj i širenje bolesti koja predstavlja zdravstvenu prijetnju većem udjelu stanovništva imaju učinak na funkcioniranje gotovo svih društvenih sustava, kako unutar tako i izvan granica ...nacionalne države, utječući stoga i na mogućnosti slobodnoga kretanja i migracija. Glavni je cilj ovog rada raspraviti osnovne mehanizme kontrole bolesti u odnosu na migracije u različitim društveno-povijesnim kontekstima. Pritom se identificiraju i uspoređuju povijesni obrasci i suvremene mjere sustava preventivne kontrole, uzimajući u obzir širi društveni kontekst i specifični položaj migranata. U ovome se radu kombiniraju povijesni uvidi u različite upravljačke i političke sustave u Europi i Hrvatskoj koji su tražili odgovarajuće mjere za sprečavanje širenja zaraznih bolesti sa stanjem u borbi protiv pandemije bolesti COVID-19. Regulacijom i upravljanjem aktualnom pandemijom bolesti COVID-19 uvedena su ograničenja prekograničnoga kretanja i putovanja. Ta ograničenja i uvođenje karantenskih mjera naglo su zaustavili ne samo međunarodnu već i migraciju unutar granica nacionalnih država, posebno tijekom prvog vala pandemije u proljeće 2020. Stoga je naglasak stavljen na učinke pandemije bolesti COVID-19 na radne i prisilne migracije, ali i na učinak mehanizama upravljanja pandemijom na razvoj stavova javnosti prema imigrantima.
In the early 1990s, and especially after the accession to the European Union, southern European countries were faced with an increased influx of immigration, particularly by third country citizens. ...The majority of migration flows refers to illegal migration. In this paper, the integration of new immigrant groups in the labour market has been analysed by using the theory of the segmented labour market. A high degree of labour market segmentation and irregularities in the analyzed countries is particularly present in the construction, agricultural and service sectors (households, hotels and catering). Illegal recruitment is an important attractive factor for illegal migrants, and encourages the development of illegal migration. Frequent implementation of control programmes solves the problem of illegal migrants only partially while, at the same time, an increasing number of new immigrants is being “attracted”. Due to special features of more recent migration flows in southern European countries, it is possible to apply the “South European immigration model” by King and Ribas-Mateos, portraying these flows triangularly. In this model the mass influx of immigration is connected to a high level of irregularities in the economic sector and a weak welfare state. The uneven economic development of sending and receiving countries, as well as the perception of new immigrants (third country citizens) exclusively through the prism of homo economicus, does not inspire too much optimism that their position in the labour market and in society will significantly improve in the foreseeable future. On behalf of more equitable treatment of new immigrant groups, their greater recognition should be demanded from receiving countries’ governments as well as the regulation of their position by introducing new and different norms and standards, based in the first place on universal human rights.
Pandemic Management Systems and Migration Gregurović, Margareta; Gregurović, Snježana; Kumpes, Josip ...
Migracijske i etničke teme,
2020, 2020-00-00, Volume:
36, Issue:
2-3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Fast development and transmission of disease poses a health threat for a larger population and affects the functioning of almost all social systems, both within and outside nation-state borders, thus ...also affecting the possibilities of free migration and movement. The main aim of this article is to discuss the principal mechanisms of disease control in relation to migration in various socio-historical contexts. It identifies and compares historical patterns and contemporary measures of preventive control systems while considering the wider social context and migrants’ specific position. This paper combines the historical insights into various administrative and political systems in Europe and Croatia that have sought adequate measures to prevent the spread of infectious diseases with the current state of the affair in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of the regulation and management of the contemporary COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions have been introduced on cross-border movement and travel. Those restrictions and quarantine measures have abruptly halted not only international but also migration within the borders of nation-states, especially during the first wave of the pandemic in spring 2020. Emphasis has been placed on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on labour and forced migration, as well as on the trends in public attitudes on immigrants affected by pandemic management mechanisms.
Katolička crkva i migranti Gregurović, Snježana
Obnovljeni Život,
05/2020, Volume:
75, Issue:
1
Journal Article, Web Resource
Open access
Zbog prihvata stotina tisuća osoba koje traže međunarodnu zaštitu i dolaska ostalih kategorija migranata, koji svoje zemlje napuštaju zbog političkih i ekonomskih nestabilnosti, europske zemlje ...suočene su s brojnim humanitarnim i integracijskim izazovima. Izazovi koji se tiču migracija zadnjih su desetljeća puno kompleksniji od onih u prošlim razdobljima, s obzirom na to da novije migracije čine migranti različitoga sociokulturnoga, etničkoga i vjerskoga podrijetla koji se u europske zemlje namjeravaju trajno nastaniti. U radu se propituje uloga Katoličke crkve kao religijske organizacije koja putem svojih službi i pastorala te provođenjem raznih aktivnosti pomaže migrantima, posebno osobama koje traže međunarodnu zaštitu prilikom njihova dolaska u novu sredinu i tijekom procesa integracije. Angažiranost Katoličke crkve, kada je riječ o pružanju pomoći migrantima, a posebno osobama koje traže međunarodnu zaštitu, vidljiva je i u crkvenim dokumentima te kanonskim uredbama donesenima nakon Drugoga vatikanskoga koncila. Cilj je rada rasvijetliti univerzalnu i transkulturnu dimenziju Katoličke crkve kao institucije koja zbog svojega multikulturnoga obilježja na poseban način sudjeluje u integraciji različitih kategorija migranata. Također se želi upozoriti na potencijal Katoličke crkve u izgradnji kulture solidarnosti i dijaloga kao preduvjeta socijalne kohezije.
Due to the fact that hundreds of thousands of people are seeking international protection, and migrants are leaving their countries for reasons of poverty and political and economic instability, many European countries face a number of humanitarian and integration challenges. The heterogeneity of immigrant groups in regard to their cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds and their intention to permanently settle in host countries, make these challenges much more complex than in previous times. The paper discusses the role of the Catholic Church as a religious organisation which, through her services, pastoral and other activities, assists migrants and refugees in their arrival in a new environment and in the integration process. Care for refugees and migrants by the Catholic Church is also reflected in her advocacy of these groups as can be seen in Church documents and canonical decrees adopted after the Second Vatican Council. The aim of this paper is to highlight the universal and transcultural dimension of the Catholic Church as an institution which, due to its multicultural character, has a special role in migrant and refugee integration. Particular emphasis is placed on the potential of the Catholic Church to build a culture of solidarity and dialogue as a prerequisite for social cohesion.
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