During construction of the Šentvid tunnel a unique opportunity arose to measure the 3D displacements ahead of the motorway tunnel excavation face, since the exploratory tunnel was already constructed ...in the axis of the main tunnel. According to reviewed literature such measurements had not been performed yet and several problems regarding equipment and complete scheme of the experiment needed to be overcome. The paper gives a brief description of the Šentvid tunnel project, presents significant factors that affected the choice of the geodetic equipment and describes the scheme of the experiment. A special attention is focused on the problems relating to the operation of the instrument in demanding environmental conditions (water, dust).
The purpose of this paper is to assess the efficiency of the linear Kalman filter as a method for the estimation of kinematic process observed with electronic tacheometer. On the assumption that the ...kinematic process is observed with only one measurement system there is no redundancy of the measurements. For evaluation of the unknown system state and its statistics in real time, other methods such as filters have to be used instead of classical geodetic adjustment. In this contribution, the efficiency of the three-dimensional linear Kalman filter model, i.e., continuous Wiener process acceleration model, in combination with the law on transfer of variances and covariances, is controlled using a known reference trajectory and statistical tests. The results of numerical tests confirmed the appropriateness of the model to evaluate geodetic kinematic measurements, where no redundant observations are available.
In the contribution the classification of evaluation models of geodetic control measurements is given. Contemporary geodetic measurement systems offer possibilities to measure movements and ...deformations of object in all details.As such they give the opportunity to fulfill the trends in engineering surveying which intend to determine not only the geometrical changes of an object but above all to describe the dynamic of the changes in space and time as subject of influencing forces.This procedure demands the use of dynamic models,which consider the object,causative forces and the resulting deformations as the entirety. By simplification of dynamic models the static,kinematic and (identity)models are derived.
The objective of the article is to introduce the model of Kalman filter as an alternative method for estimation of kinematic geodetic measurements.On the basis of kinematic process simulation the ...model of linear Kalman filter is given. Kinematic observations are done with electronic tachymeter,which enables automatic tracking of reflector and measuring.In numerical example the importance of initial filter ’s parameters definition,with emphasis on defining the process noise, is given.
The article describes the technical properties of contemporary tachymeters, with an emphasis on Leica Geosystems instruments. With growing capabilities of measurement sensors and software the use of ...terrestrial geodetic instrumentation has expanded to survey kinematical processes and carrying out of continuous measurements. Knowledge of capacity of instruments of geodetic equipment manufacturers can significantly contribute to performance quality of geodetic works.
The article describes the technical properties of contemporary tachymeters, with an emphasis on Leica Geosystems instruments. With growing capabilities of measurement sensors and software the use of ...terrestrial geodetic instrumentation has expanded to survey kinematical processes and carrying out of continuous measurements. Knowledge of capacity of instruments of geodetic equipment manufacturers can significantly contribute to performance quality of geodetic works.
This article describes the geodetic monitoring of the impact that the tunnel excavations have on the rock mass of the tunnel face in Šentvid tunnel. In the preliminary phase. an exploratory gallery ...was built almost along the main tunnel axis to collect geological, tectonic zone and other relevant data. The exploratory gallery is now being used for geodetic and other monitoring of the impact of tunnel excavations on the surrounding rock mass. Before the beginning, methods of point and station point stabilization, and a measurement method was chosen. Thus, the chosen method of 3D inner intersection with adjustment of redundant observation for station point determination, and the polar method for calculating 3D coordinates of detail points. The method of determination of station point was chosen because of far reaching influence that the tunnel excavations have on rock mass behaviour at the tunnel face.
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