The Baikal Gigaton Volume Detector (Baikal-GVD) is a km
3
-scale neutrino detector currently under construction in Lake Baikal, Russia. The detector consists of several thousand optical sensors ...arranged on vertical strings, with 36 sensors per string. The strings are grouped into clusters of 8 strings each. Each cluster can operate as a stand-alone neutrino detector. The detector layout is optimized for the measurement of astrophysical neutrinos with energies of
∼
100 TeV and above. Events resulting from charged current interactions of muon (anti-)neutrinos will have a track-like topology in Baikal-GVD. A fast
χ
2
-based reconstruction algorithm has been developed to reconstruct such track-like events. The algorithm has been applied to data collected in 2019 from the first five operational clusters of Baikal-GVD, resulting in observations of both downgoing atmospheric muons and upgoing atmospheric neutrinos. This serves as an important milestone towards experimental validation of the Baikal-GVD design. The analysis is limited to single-cluster data, favoring nearly-vertical tracks.
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► An experimental aluminum-fueled power plant was developed and tested. ► Aluminum micron powder as primary fuel and usual water as primary oxidant. ► Plant works in autonomous ...nonstop regime.
An experimental co-generation power plant (CGPP-10) using aluminum micron powder (with average particle size up to 70μm) as primary fuel and water as primary oxidant was developed and tested. Power plant can work in autonomous (unconnected from industrial network) nonstop regime producing hydrogen, electrical energy and heat. One of the key components of experimental plant is aluminum–water high-pressure reactor projected for hydrogen production rate of ∼10nm3h−1. Hydrogen from the reactor goes through condenser and dehumidifier and with −25°C dew-point temperature enters into the air-hydrogen fuel cell 16kW-battery. From 1kg of aluminum the experimental plant produces 1kWh of electrical energy and 5–7kWh of heat. Power consumer gets about 10kW of electrical power. Plant electrical and total efficiencies are 12% and 72%, respectively.
ABSTRACT
The existence of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos has been unambiguously demonstrated, but their sources remain elusive. IceCube reported an association of a 290-TeV neutrino with a ...gamma-ray flare of TXS 0506 + 056, an active galactic nucleus with a compact radio jet pointing to us. Later, radio-bright blazars were shown to be associated with IceCube neutrino events with high statistical significance. These associations remained unconfirmed with the data of independent experiments. Here, we report on the detection of a rare neutrino event with the estimated energy of 224 ± 75 TeV from the direction of TXS 0506 + 056 by the new Baikal Gigaton Volume Detector (Baikal-GVD) in April 2021. This event is the highest energy cascade detected so far by the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope from a direction below horizon. The result supports previous suggestions that radio blazars in general, and TXS 0506 + 056 in particular, are the sources of high-energy neutrinos, and opens up the cascade channel for the neutrino astronomy.
Background
. About 40 % of patients diagnosed with coxarthrosis annually seek medical help and receive social support due to this disease. Increased use of an expensive surgery for treatment of ...coxarthrosis and projected growth of its prevalence in the population determine the relevance of socio-economic analysis.
The aim of the study
. To assess the value and structure of economic damage caused by the delivering health and social care to patients with coxarthrosis at the state level of the Russian Federation.
Methods
. To assess economic damage, we used the average annual number of various categories of patients and disabled people with coxarthrosis in the Irkutsk region for 2008–2017. Three main categories were identified: patients who visited the outpatients’ clinic; patients with total hip replacement; disabled people due to coxarthrosis. For each category, we calculated weighted average damage per 1 conventional patient, taking into account direct and indirect costs and subsequent multiplication by the average annual number of individual categories of patients. Calculations were performed in 2017 prices.
Results
. The average annual socio-economic damage from coxarthrosis amounted to 1.39 (1.34÷1.43) billion rubles or 0.1 % of the gross regional product. The most of the damage (64.4 %) were indirect costs associated with disability due to coxarthrosis, 22.2 % of the total amount were the costs of hip replacement surgery, 13.4 % were the costs of outpatient visits. Indirect economic losses due to disability in patients of working age were 4.2 times higher than losses due to disability of oldage pensioners.
Conclusion
. The results of the study confirm the economic feasibility of surgical treatment of coxarthrosis, especially in patients of working age.
Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a genetically determined anomaly of the cervical spine characterized by the abnormal fusion of vertebrae. The clinical signs are a shortness and a restricted mobility ...of the neck and a low hairline at the back of the head. KFS is typically associated with many other abnormalities of the skeleton and other systems. The clinical case of KFS first diagnosed in an adult is demonstrated in this review.
To develop a new validated classification of intervertebral disc degeneration.
A retrospective observational single-center study included medical records of patients with and without degenerative ...disease of lumbar intervertebral discs. The interval values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of intervertebral discs were grouped into degeneration classes.
The study included medical records of 100 patients. A quantitative analysis of data showed that mean ADC has a significant correlation with severity of lumbosacral disc degeneration according to classification by Pfirrmann et al. Lumbar intervertebral discs with degeneration grade 3-4 were less homogeneous compared to grade 2-3. Among discs with degeneration grade 4, mean ADC was significantly higher in case of hernia (
=0.01). Conversely, mean ADC was significantly higher in the absence of hernia for discs grade 3 (
=0.04). Combination of all data is presented as original classification of lumbosacral disc degeneration based on mean ADC.
The developed classification can be recommended for radiologists, neurologists and neurosurgeons.
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