Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease with increasing occurrence, high death rates, and unfavorable treatment regimens. The pathogenesis underlying IPF is ...complex and the epigenetic contributions to IPF are largely unknown. Recent studies have shown that DOT1L (Disruptor of telomeric silencing-1 like), a histone H3K79 methyltransferase, contributes to fibrosis response, but its role in IPF remains unclear. DOT1L, H3K79me3, and the profibrotic proteins levels were upregulated in the pulmonary fibrosis models both in vivo and in vitro. Lentivirus-mediated DOT1L knockdown or DOT1L-specific inhibitor EPZ5676 alleviated the pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, heterozygous DOT1L-deficient mice (Dot1l
) showed less sensitive to pulmonary fibrosis, as shown by decreased lung fibrosis phenotypes in vivo. Mechanically, DOT1L regulated TGF-β1-induced fibroblasts fibrosis by increasing enrichments of H3K79me3 on the promoter of Jag1 gene (encoding the Notch ligand Jagged1), enhancing the expression of Jagged1, which in turn stimulated exuberant Notch signaling and actuated the fibrosis response. In conclusion, our study confirmed DOT1L to be an epigenetic modifier in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis, revealed a counterbalancing mechanism governing Jag1 transcription by modulating H3K79 trimethylation at the Jag1 promoter, activating the Notch signaling, and affecting the expression of profibrotic proteins to accelerate the lung fibrosis.
Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is an ideal photovoltaic candidate profiting from its advantageous material characteristics and superior optoelectronic properties, and has gained considerable development ...in recent years. However, the further device efficiency breakthrough is largely plagued by severe open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit under the existence of multiple defect states and detrimental recombination loss. In this work, an effective absorber layer growth engineering involved with vapor transport deposition and post‐selenization is developed to grow Sb2Se3 thin films. High‐quality Sb2Se3 with large compact crystal grains, benign hk1 growth orientation, stoichiometric chemical composition, and suitable direct bandgap are successfully fulfilled under an optimized post‐selenization scenario. Planar Sb2Se3 thin‐film solar cells with substrate configuration of Mo/Sb2Se3/CdS/ITO/Ag are constructed. By contrast, such engineering effort can remarkably mitigate the device VOC deficit, owing to the healed detrimental defects, the suppressed interface and space‐charge region recombination, the prolonged carrier lifetime, and the enhanced charge transport. Accordingly, a minimum VOC deficit of 0.647 V contributes to a record VOC of 0.513 V, a champion device with highly interesting efficiency of 7.40% is also comparable to those state‐of‐the‐art Sb2Se3 solar cells, paving a bright avenue to broaden its scope of photovoltaic applications.
A two‐step thermodynamic/kinetic deposition process involving vapor transport deposition and post‐selenization is developed to grow high‐quality Sb2Se3 thin films. Such absorber engineering can heal detrimental defects, prolong carrier lifetime, suppress interface, and space‐charge region recombination. Thus, the substrate structured Mo/Sb2Se3/CdS/ITO/Ag solar cell delivers a record open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.513 V with minimum deficit, and highly competitive efficiency of 7.40%.
With the continuous increase in user-side flexible controllable resources connected into a distribution system, the components of electrical load become too diverse and difficult to be accuracy ...forecasted. A short-term load forecast method that integrates variational modal decomposition (VMD), gated recurrent unit (GRU) and time convolutional network (TCN) into a hybrid network is proposed in this paper. Firstly, original electrical load sequence data with noise are decomposed into intrinsic IMF components with different frequencies and amplitudes based on the VMD method. Secondly, a combined load forecasting method based on the GRU and TCN network is proposed for the high and low-frequency load subsequent signals, respectively. Finally, the high and low-frequency signals forecasting results of the GRU and TCN network are rebuilt for the final load forecasting. The experiment results based on actual operation data (data set 1) and simulation data (data set 2), which show that the proposed method can reduce the forecasting error by 36.20% and 10.8%, respectively, in comparison with VMD-GRU. The reliability and accuracy of the proposed method is verified through the comparison with other methods such as LSTM, Prophet and XG Boost.
Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is a promising candidate for photodetector applications boasting unique material benefits and remarkable optoelectronic properties. Achieving high‐performance self‐powered ...Sb2Se3 photodetector through a synergistic regulation of absorber layer and heterojunction interface demonstrates great potential and needs essential investigation. In this study, an effective two‐step thermodynamic/kinetic deposition technique containing sputtered and selenized Sb precursor is implemented to induce self‐assembled growth of Sb2Se3 light absorbing thin film with large crystal grains and desirable hk1 orientation, presenting considerable thin‐film photodetector performance. Furthermore, aluminum (Al3+) cation dopant is introduced to modify the optoelectronic properties of CdS buffer layer, and further optimize the Sb2Se3/CdS (Al) heterojunction interface quality. Thanks to the suppressed carrier recombination and enhanced carrier transport kinetics, the champion Mo/Sb2Se3/CdS (Al)/ITO/Ag photodetector exhibits self‐powered and broadband characteristics, accompanied by simultaneously high responsivity of 0.9 A W−1 (at 11 nW cm−2), linear dynamic range of 120 dB, impressive ON/OFF switching ratio over 106 and signal‐to‐noise ratio of 109, record total noise determined realistic detectivity of 4.78 × 1012 Jones, and ultra‐fast response speed with rise/decay time of 24/75 ns, representing the top level for Sb2Se3‐based photodetectors. This intriguing work opens up an avenue for its self‐powered broadband photodetector applications.
The thermodynamic/kinetic controlled self‐assembled growth of high‐quality Sb2Se3, accompanied with Al3+ cation doping in CdS induced heterojunction interface optimization can remarkably suppress carrier recombination and enhance carrier transport. Consequently, the champion Sb2Se3/CdS (Al) photodetector exhibits self‐powered broadband characteristics, accompanied by simultaneously high responsivity (0.9 A W−1), record detectivity (4.78 × 1012 Jones), and ultra‐fast response speed (rise/decay time of 24/75 ns).
Sb2Se3 is a promising candidate for environment-friendly and cost-efficiently thin film photovoltaics thanks to its material advantages and superior optoelectronic properties. However, it has ...intrinsically low electrical conductivity, which leads to unsatisfactory device performance and limited scope of applications. Herein, we demonstrated an effective strategy of electrical conductivity-induced Sb2Se3-based photovoltaic performance improvement. Three Sb2Se3-based targets with chemical composition of Sb2Se3, Sb2Se3.3 and Sb2(Se0.9I0.1)3 have been firstly prepared by using high-temperature melting technique. Then the high-quality thin films can be obtained through an effective Radio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering process. A novel Sb2Se3 quasi-homojunction thin film solar cell was fabricated for the first time and the highest power conversion efficiency reaches already a highly interesting 2.65%. The combined features of unique quasi-homojunction device structure and advantageous full-vacuum preparation process further demonstrated its attractive potential for thin film photovoltaic applications.
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•Magnetron sputtered Sb2Se3-based thin films using as-prepared variable targets.•Film property efficiently tuned by pre-designed component and/or post heat treatment.•The first Sb2Se3 quasi-homojunction thin film solar cell with 2.65% efficiency.•Electrical conductivity-induced Sb2Se3-based photovoltaic performance improvement.•Quasi-homojunction device structure and advantageous full-vacuum preparation process.
Cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer is commonly used in Kesterite Cu
ZnSn(S,Se)
(CZTSSe) thin film solar cells. However, the toxicity of Cadmium (Cd) and perilous waste, which is generated during the ...deposition process (chemical bath deposition), and the narrow bandgap (≈2.4 eV) of CdS restrict its large-scale future application. Herein, the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method is proposed to deposit zinc-tin-oxide (ZTO) as a buffer layer in Ag-doped CZTSSe solar cells. It is found that the ZTO buffer layer improves the band alignment at the Ag-CZTSSe/ZTO heterojunction interface. The smaller contact potential difference of the ZTO facilitates the extraction of charge carriers and promotes carrier transport. The better p-n junction quality helps to improve the open-circuit voltage (V
) and fill factor (FF). Meanwhile, the wider bandgap of ZTO assists to transfer more photons to the CZTSSe absorber, and more photocarriers are generated thus improving short-circuit current density (Jsc). Ultimately, Ag-CZTSSe/ZTO device with 10 nm thick ZTO layer and 5:1 (Zn:Sn) ratio, Sn/(Sn + Zn): 0.28 deliver a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.8%. As far as it is known that 11.8% is the highest efficiency among Cd-free kesterite thin film solar cells.
Adipogenesis is a complex cascade involved with the preadipocytes differentiation towards mature adipocytes, accelerating the onset of obesity. Histone methyltransferase SET and MYND ...domain-containing protein 2 (Smyd2), is involved in a variety of cellular biological functions but the epigenetic regulation of Smyd2 in adipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation remains unclear. Both Smyd2 siRNA and LLY-507, an inhibitor of Smyd2, were used to examine the effect of Smyd2 on adipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Smyd2 heterozygous knockout (Smyd2
) mice were also constructed to validate the relationship between Smyd2 and adipogenesis in vivo. We found that Smyd2 is abundant in white adipose tissue and closely correlated with adipocyte differentiation. Knockdown or inhibition of Smyd2 restrained adipocyte differentiation in vitro, which requires the phosphorylation of STAT3. In vivo functional validation, Smyd2
mice exert significant fat loss but not susceptible to HFD-induced obesity. Taken together, our findings revealed that Smyd2 is a novel regulator of adipocyte differentiation by regulating the phosphorylation of STAT3, which provides insights into the effects of epigenetic regulation in adipogenesis. Inhibition of Smyd2 might represent a viable strategy for anti-adipogenesis and maybe further alleviate obesity-related diseases in humans.
•Successful growth of Cu3BiS3 thin films using thermal evaporation.•Growth temperature enhances the photoelectric properties of Cu3BiS3 thin films.•Cu3BiS3 solar cell absorber was successfully ...implemented in solar cell device.
Ternary copper sulphides, especially copper-bismuth-sulphide (Cu-Bi-S), are alternative solar absorber materials due to their earth-abundant and non-toxic constituent elements, compared to the conventional copper indium gallium sulphide and cadmium telluride films. In this study, Cu-Bi-S thin films were deposited onto soda lime glass substrates using a one stage co-evaporation process from Cu2S and Bi2S3 sources, with the deposition temperatures varied from room temperature to 400 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that Cu3BiS3 was the dominant phase in the Cu-rich films, and the crystalline quality of the films was significantly improved with increasing the deposition temperature. An optical bandgap of 1.4 eV was achieved for the film deposited at 400 °C, which demonstrated a Hall mobility of 3.95 cm2/V-s and a carrier concentration of 7.48 × 1016 cm−3. Cu3BiS3 films deposited at 375 and 400 °C were implemented into superstrate solar cell structures (glass/ITO/n-CdS/p-Cu3BiS3/Al).
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