Some species of nudibranchs (Mollusca) protect themselves from predatory attacks by storing defensive terpene chemicals acquired from dietary sponges (Porifera) in specialized body parts called MDFs ...(mantle dermal formations), often advertising their unpalatability to potential predators by means of bright coloration patterns. Consequently, the survival of these trophic specialist species is closely related to the possibility of obtaining the defensive tools from sponges that live in their immediate vicinity; therefore, it is important to determine as precisely as possible the chemical composition of nudibranch extracts prior to any ecological studies addressing issues that involve their alimentary behavior and their defensive strategies, including the significance of their color patterns. Some of our recent studies on the chemical composition of terpene extracts from nudibranchs belonging to the genera
and
are summarized. We also report the development of a method to assay extracts and purified metabolites for their feeding deterrent activity against co-occurring generalist predators. In a recent chemoecological study, showing that repugnant terpene chemicals are accumulated at extremely high concentrations in exposed parts of the nudibranchs’ bodies, the feeding deterrence assays were carried out on the generalist marine shrimp
, very common in the Mediterranean. We have modified this assay for use with the Australian shrimp species
, and confirmed the ecological validity of the assay by analysis of extracts from species of sponges and mollusks that live in the same habitat as
. The deterrent properties of haliclonacyclamine alkaloids isolated from the sponge
sp. were demonstrated, with the alkaloid mixture demonstrating palatability deterrence at concentrations as low as 0.05 mg/mL, and complete deterrence at 0.75 mg/mL. In contrast, the diterpene thuridillin metabolites from the sacoglossan mollusk
did not deter feeding by
.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran daring dalam meningkatkan kreatifitas dan inisiatif guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran di rumah di SD Bungkus. Jenis penelitian yang ...dilakukan yaitu penelitian tindakan sekolah (PTS) dengan menggunakan model dari Elliot. Penelitian diadakan di SD Bungkus Kretek, Bantul pada tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 di masa pandemi Covid 19. Subjek penelitian adalah guru kelas 1, 2, 3, 4, dan guru kelas 5. Obyek penelitian adalah pembelajaran di rumah melalui pembelajaran daring/online dimasa pademi covid-19. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan dokumentasi serta dianalisi secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran daring dapat mengatasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran di masa pademi covid 19 melalui kreatifitas dan inisiatif guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran di rumah. Kreatifitas dan inisiatif guru mengalami peningkatan dalam pembuatan RPP sebesar 18%, pengelolaan pembelajaran daring sebesar 12%, keaktifan siswa sebesar 17% dan nilai belajar siswa sebesar 9,6% dari siklus I ke siklus II dalam pembelajaran. Setelah ada tindakan kompetensi guru secara aktif, kreatif dan inisiatif dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran dirumah, pembelajaran dapat berjalan dengan lancar dalam mengahadapi wabah pandemi covid 19.
The image of Indonesian women on international level is partly influenced by the appearance of the First Lady. The role and position of the First Lady is the representation of Indonesian women, ...because basically the First Lady, as the wife who accompanies the President (head of state), has a strong background of cultural grip, high intellectuality and good personality in her daily lifestyle, including in wearing clothes, and as an ambassador of culture and design. Fashion style of the First Lady always draws praise and criticism from the public. The purpose of this study is to reveal the visualization effects of Indonesian First Ladies' kebaya clothing style in various state occasions on the image of Indonesian women's appearances. This study is a qualitative research of visual data that emphasizes the discussion of Kebaya Clothing using semiological study (connotation and denotation meaning) that bring out self-image. The results showed that the style the First Ladies' Kebaya clothing in every presidency period of their husbands had characteristics both in the style of clothing or hairstyle, indicating self-image. The conclusion of this study reveals that the First Ladies' Kebaya Clothing (National Clothing) is interpreted as having implied messages because clothing can be observed visually. Implication was done on the construction of learning patterns of clothing, national fashion design and Nusantara ethnic clothing design.
This study discusses communication patterns in conflict interaction in premarital couples experiencing toxic relationships. A toxic relationship is unhealthy, characterized by unsupportive attitudes, ...conflicts in which one tries to destroy the other, competition, disrespect, and lack of cohesiveness. This research employed a descriptive method. Data were collected through interviews. The data validity testing was performed using the source triangulation technique. The data analysis technique utilized the Miles and Huberman analysis model, consisting of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification. This study discovered that conflicts experienced by premarital couples experiencing toxic relationships stemmed from different goals, poor communication, and lack of fulfillment of needs. These results revealed that both partners decided to stay in toxic relationships with different conflict resolution strategies. The first partner used the conflict avoidance style, whereas the second one applied the compromise conflict style. Factors influencing the use of conflict resolution styles for the first couple were perceptions of conflict, relationship dominance, and family closeness, whereas the second partner was influenced by emotional attachment and personality factors. The communication patterns adopted are also different, namely, the pattern of unbalanced separation in the first couple and the balance pattern in the second couple.
The study aims to analyze whether achievement motivation, internal locus of control, and study habits influence the learning outcomes of grade 7 students in four regions in Indonesia, namely ...Sumatera, Java, and Papua. Several experts and previous studies have shown that achievement motivation, locus of control, and study habits can be used as predictors and improve students’ mathematics learning outcomes. This research is a survey with a quantitative approach and was conducted at four schools in the XYZ Foundation. Data collection techniques using questionnaires distributed through Google Form link to measure students' achievement motivations, internal locus of control, and study habits on mathematics learning outcomes of 7th grade students. Data was collected from 183 respondents. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression with the IBM SPSS 25 application. Based on the result of the data analysis, the regression equation for students' achievement motivation, locus of control, and study habits on mathematics learning outcomes of 7th grade students is . Furthermore, based on the t-test result, achievement motivation with a t count of 3.961, internal locus of control with a t count of -2.994, and study habits with a t count of 1.424 are obtained. The conclusions are achievement motivation and internal locus of control partially have a positive influence and study habits do not affect the learning outcomes of grade 7 mathematics. Based on the value of , as much as 15.9% of independent variables are achievement motivation, internal locus of control, and study habits that simultaneously influence the mathematics learning outcomes of 7th grade students. Theoretical implications and implications of the research are discussed.
This study was designed to explore student perceptions on 'open-book' examination system and the benefit of allowing access for online material to students during exam. The data was collected from 92 ...graduate students, age between 22 to 60 years old, 67% fall within the 28 to 50 age bracket. The instrument was a questionnaire consisting of 14 items to measure perceptions on 'open-book' exam. Open items about allowing students to access internet during 'open-book' exam was included in the instrument. The findings indicate that for various reasons, students (86.8 %) prefer open-book exam than closed-book exam. Students perceive open-book exam as more suitable for graduate study, inhibit remember-level knowledge , reduce exam anxiety , and encourage students to be well prepared for the exam. Some students consider that allowing students for free internet access during open book exam will benefit students, since they will be able to complement their answer with further analysis using online material. However, setting up a scheme for open-book exam and allowing students internet access during the exam will require a comprehensive, well-thought and well-developed exam items and procedure. This is truly a challenging task for lecturers and teachers. This study concludes that students have a positive perception in regards to open-book exam and use of internet in open-book exam. It is advisable to use open book exam as an alternatif assessment system in various levels of education, while at the same time investigating dimensions which affects the effectiveness of this system.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksploratori, bertujuan untuk mengkaji persepsi mahasiswa terhadap sistem ujian akhir 'buka buku', dan kemungkinan memberikan kebebasan kepada mahasiswa mengakses informasi online selama ujian. Responden penelitian sebanyak 92 mahasiswa magister, berusia 22 - 60 tahun, 67% berusia antara 28 sampai dengan 50 tahun. Â Instrumen berupa kuesioner yang terdiri atas 14 pertanyaan tertutup tentang sistem ujian 'buka buku' menggunakan skala Likert 1-5, dan pertanyaan terbuka tentang kebebasan menggunakan internet dalam ujian 'buka buku'. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada umumnya (86.8%) mahasiswa mempunyai persepsi yang positif terhadap sistem ini dan sebagian besar (77%) lebih menyukai sistem ujian 'buka buku' daripada 'tutup buku'. Sistem ini dinilai lebih sesuai untuk jenjang pendidikan pascasarjana yang sejalan dengan prinsip pendidikan yang baik karena tidak mengandalkan hafalan, mengurangi kecemasan mahasiswa dalam ujian, dan membuat mahasiswa lebih serius mempersiapkan diri. Penggunaan internet secara bebas dalam ujian sistem 'buka buku' dinilai baik karena mahasiswa dapat melengkapi jawabannya dengan analisis materi internet yang diakses. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa mempunyai persepsi yang positif terhadap sistem ujian 'buka buku' dan penggunaan internet dalam sistem ini, baik karena pertimbangan akademik maupun psikologis. Oleh sebab itu, sistem ujian ini dapat lebih luas digunakan pada berbagai jenjang pendidikan sebagai alternatif sistem ujian. Pada saat yang sama, perlu dilakukan kajian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh sistem ini pada mahasiswa, serta berbagai strategi untuk menjadikan sistem ujian ini efektif.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis interaksi antara kesiapan belajar, yang diukur melalui variabel self-efficacy, self-regulation, connectedness dan kepuasan belajar. ...Faktor-faktor ini dapat membuat mahasiswa merasakan kepuasan dalam proses pembelajaran, sehingga akan bertahan menyelesaikan studi dan tidak putus kuliah di tengah jalan. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 59 responden yang berasal dari berbagai kota provinsi, kabupaten, dan kecamatan di Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner yang dikirimkan kepada mahasiswa melalui email, dengan tingkat pengembalian 29,4%. Data dianalisis menggunakan korelasi, dan ditemukan adanya hubungan antarvariabel yang positif dan signifikan, berkisar antara 0,25 sampai 0,78. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji klasik sebelum data dianalisis menggunakan analisis korelasi regresi. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa faktor self-efficacy, self-regulation, connectedness secara simultan memengaruhi kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap program belajar yang diikuti. Kepuasan mahasiswa diharapkan dapat membuat mahasiswa bertahan sampai ke akhir dan mencapai keberhasilan.Temuan juga menunjukkan bahwa faktor connectedness secara partial tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan. Kata kunci: pembelajaran online, kesiapan belajar, efikasi diri, regulasi diri, keterhubungan, kepuasan INTERACTION BETWEEN LEARNING READINESS AND SATISFACTION AND THE LEARNING SERVICE IN A GRADUATE ONLINE LEARNING PROGRAM Abstract: This article intends to analyze the interaction among learning readiness, measured by selfefficacy, self-regulation, connectedness and learning satisfaction in online learning. Success in online learning requires a certain mindset and learning behavior necessary for independent learners, to persist and succeed in study. Fifty-nine (59) students from various parts of Indonesia constitute respondents of this research. A questionnaire was sent to 200 students by email, with a 29.4 % return rate. Correlation and regression analysis was employed to determine the effect of the research variables on learning satisfaction. The result shows a positive and significant correlation among students self-efficacy, selfregulation, connectedness and learning satiffaction, ranging from .25 to .78. Further analysis using multiple regression indicates a simultaneous significant effect of self-effectiveness, self-regulation and connectedness on learning satisfaction with effect size of 40%. However at individual level, the effect is not statistically significant. Suggestions are made in terms of developing and implementing online learning programs. Key words: Online learning, learning readiness, self-efficacy, self-regulation, connectedness, satisfaction
The purpose of this study were to implemented in-house training to improve the teacher competence in organizing the leson plan of curriculum 2013 in SD Bungkus, Kretek, Bantul, at academic year of ...2018/2019. This study used descriptive approach with Kimmis and Taggart design, and conducted in two cycles. The study design was conducted in the following steps: planning, action, observation, and reflection (evaluation). The data collection technique were interview, observation, and discussion. The instrument used in this study were interview sheet, leson plan document and in-house training document. The result of this study reveals there were improvement of teacher competence that determined from evaluation on completeness of the leson plan component in cycle II, compared with those in cycle I. It can be concluded from the study that in-house training may improve teacher competence in organizing the leson plan of curriculum 2013 in SD Bungkus.
Keywords: leson plan, in house training.
This School Action Research conducted at SD Bungkus. The aims of this study were to 1). Improve the teacher competence especially in learning process through clinical supervision. 2). Know the ...appropriate steps of clinical supervision in order to improve teacher competitiveness. This study used two cycles. Each cycle consisting of two meetings. There were four stages in each cycles: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Subject of this study were six teachers. Data collected by observed the learning proccess in the classroom by using 5 instruments, namely syllabus and semester program, teaching plans and program (RPP), learning process, student assessment and classroom management. The interpretation of score in this study used the criteria as follows: 80-100 was very good, 66-79 was good, 55-65 was sufficient and 40-55 was less. Results of this study showed that the teacher initial ability was in less criteria. The result after first cycle was still in less criteria, but after improvement in second cycle it was increased to good and average criteria, and even two teachers reached excellent criteria. It can be concluded that by using clinical supervision there was a significant increase in teacher competence from the initial condition, especially after second cycle.
This research aimed to describe in detail the social penetration of children who are victims of their parents’ violence through self-disclosure to their friends. This research was studied using the ...concepts of interpersonal communication, self-disclosure, and social penetration theory. The approach in this research is qualitative with a descriptive type. Data were collected using in-depth interviews. The results of this research state that the level of social penetration is different for the two pairs of informants and their friends as a result of the level of intimacy that occurs. The breadth of topics discussed starts from talking about studying at school to hobbies, romance, and how their parents abuse them. The relationship between the two partners reaches the process of social penetration at the stage of affective exchange and affective exploratory exchange. Meanwhile, the friendship stage reaches stabilized friendship and nascent friendship. The factors that influence parental violence against children revolve around economic issues, personality, and parenting patterns.
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