Teachers have been viewed for many years as one of the most effective factors with an important role in academic and learning settings. Numerous studies have been carried out on teachers and their ...performances in the classroom. Feelings are one of the pillars of all humans which can have a crucial function in offering academia that can impact all domains of learning. Creativity is one of the subcategories of feelings that is worthy to people and the community. Nonetheless, as a significant mental attribute, it has not been attended to enough by experts in language teaching until now. Some factors that seem concerning creativity are grit and resilience, the grit has a basic function in the educational and teaching cycle because gritty educators are more inspired to handle difficulties in hard situations. Moreover, to beware of these difficulties as a response to unprecedented situations, a similar intellectual concept rises in positive psychology known as resilience, which explains the persistence and highlights individuals’ skills. Therefore, the present study delineates the relationship of these notions with language teachers’ creativity. To this end, through convenient sampling 264 male and female Chinese EFL teachers took part in the present study, and their creativity, grit, and resilience were scrutinized by filling out the related questionnaires. The results through correlation coefficients indicated that creativity was negatively but significantly related to grit, but it was positively and significantly related to resilience. The results of the multiple regression showed that both grit and resilience could significantly predict creativity although grit is a better predictor of creativity. Some educational implications of the research about the outcomes of the research under academic circumstances are suggested.
Due to the generation of multiple intermediates during the nitroarene reduction, precise interception of single one to develop tandem reactions involving both C−C and C−N bond formations still ...remains a significant challenge. Herein, the relay catalysis of a supported bifunctional cobalt catalyst with l‐proline has been successfully applied to establish a bran‐new reductive annulation reaction of nitroarenes and formaldehyde, which enables direct and diverse construction of both symmetrical and unsymmetrical 1,3‐diaryl imidazolines. It proceeds with operational simplicity, good substrate and functionality compatibility, and excellent step and atom‐efficiency. Mechanistic studies reveal that the Co‐catalyst exhibits a synergistic effect on the formation of key N‐hydroxy imine, and the l‐proline subsequently facilitates the key C−C bond formation. The current work opens a door to develop useful transformations with nitroarenes by reduction‐interrupted strategy.
By relay catalysis of a supported bifunctional cobalt catalyst and L‐proline, a reductive annulation reaction of nitroarenes and formaldehyde involving both C−C and C−N bond formations is presented, which enables direct and diverse access to 1,3‐diaryl imidazolines.
In the paper, we compute the correlation functions in 2D
N
= (1
,
1) and
N
= (2
,
2) superconformal field theories with
T
T
¯
deformation up to the first order of the deformation in terms of ...perturbation theory. With the help of superconformal Ward identity in
N
= (1
,
1) and
N
= (2
,
2) theories and careful regularization, the correlation functions in the deformed theory can be obtained up to the first order perturbation. This study is the extension from previous bosonic
T
T
¯
deformation to the supersymmetric one.
The reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) has been considered as an approach to mitigate global warming and to provide renewable carbon‐based fuels. Rational design of efficient, selective, and ...inexpensive catalysts with low overpotentials is urgently desired. In this study, four cobalt(II) tripodal complexes are tested as catalysts for CO2 reduction to CO in a MeCN/H2O (4:1 v/v) solution. The replacement of pyridyl groups in the ligands with less basic quinolinyl groups greatly reduces the required overpotential for CO2‐to‐CO conversion down to 200–380 mV. Benefitting from the low overpotentials, a photocatalyst system for CO2‐to‐CO conversion is successfully constructed, with an maximum turnover number (TON) of 10 650±750, a turnover frequency (TOF) of 1150±80 h−1, and almost 100 % selectivity to CO. These outstanding catalytic performances are further elucidated by DFT calculations.
Electric/light orchestration: Four cobalt complexes with tripodal ligands are utilized as high‐performance molecular electro‐ and photocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to CO in a water‐containing system. By the introduction of less basic aromatic nitrogen donors in the tripodal ligands, the overpotentials can be reduced down to record low values of 200–380 mV, leading to high efficiency and selectivity for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO.
The in‐depth study on reduction–specified coupling reactions of the nitroarenes by heterogeneous cobalt catalysis opens a door for diversified syntheses of functional N‐containing molecules. Guided ...by the structure–function relationship of heterogeneous materials, rational design of nano–catalysts can effectively regulate the routes of organic reactions. Precise transformation of the intermediates generated during the nitroarene reduction with a suitable nano–catalyst is a promising way to develop new tandem reactions, and to synthesize structurally novel compounds that are of difficult access with the conventional approaches.
Being different from conventional reductive coupling reactions of nitroarenes, structurally modifiable heterogeneous cobalt catalysts reveal excellent performance in precise use of a single intermediate during the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of the nitroarenes. This concept would provide a novel direction for the efficient utilization of nitroaromatics in the manufacture of high‐value products.
The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) measures resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) signal of each voxel. However, the unit of blood oxygenation level-dependent ...(BOLD) signal is arbitrary and hence ALFF is sensitive to the scale of raw signal. A well-accepted standardization procedure is to divide each voxel's ALFF by the global mean ALFF, named mALFF. Although fractional ALFF (fALFF), a ratio of the ALFF to the total amplitude within the full frequency band, offers possible solution of the standardization, it actually mixes with the fluctuation power within the full frequency band and thus cannot reveal the true amplitude characteristics of a given frequency band. The current study borrowed the percent signal change in task fMRI studies and proposed percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) for RS-fMRI. We firstly applied PerAF and mPerAF (i.e., divided by global mean PerAF) to eyes open (EO) vs. eyes closed (EC) RS-fMRI data. PerAF and mPerAF yielded prominently difference between EO and EC, being well consistent with previous studies. We secondly performed test-retest reliability analysis and found that (PerAF ≈ mPerAF ≈ mALFF) > (fALFF ≈ mfALFF). Head motion regression (Friston-24) increased the reliability of PerAF, but decreased all other metrics (e.g. mPerAF, mALFF, fALFF, and mfALFF). The above results suggest that mPerAF is a valid, more reliable, more straightforward, and hence a promising metric for voxel-level RS-fMRI studies. Future study could use both PerAF and mPerAF metrics. For prompting future application of PerAF, we implemented PerAF in a new version of REST package named RESTplus.
2D transition metal chalcogenides have attracted tremendous attention due to their novel properties and potential applications. Although 2D transition metal dichalcogenides are easily fabricated due ...to their layer‐stacked bulk phase, 2D transition metal monochalcogenides are difficult to obtain. Recently, a single atomic layer transition metal monochalcogenide (CuSe) with an intrinsic pattern of nanoscale triangular holes is fabricated on Cu(111). The first‐principles calculations show that free‐standing monolayer CuSe with holes is not stable, while hole‐free CuSe is endowed with the Dirac nodal line fermion (DNLF), protected by mirror reflection symmetry. This very rare DNLF state is evidenced by topologically nontrivial edge states situated inside the spin–orbit coupling gaps. Motivated by the promising properties of hole‐free honeycomb CuSe, monolayer CuSe is fabricated on Cu(111) surfaces by molecular beam epitaxy and confirmed success with high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy. The good agreement of angle resolved photoemission spectra with the calculated band structures of CuSe/Cu(111) demonstrates that the sample is monolayer CuSe with a honeycomb lattice. These results suggest that the honeycomb monolayer transition metal monochalcogenide can be a new platform to study 2D DNLFs.
2D transition metal chalcogenides are attracting tremendous attention due to their novel properties and potential applications. Monolayer honeycomb CuSe on Cu(111) is successfully fabricated. First‐principles calculations show that free‐standing monolayer CuSe is endowed with the Dirac nodal line fermion, protected by mirror reflection symmetry. It is further evidenced by topologically nontrivial edge states situated inside the spin–orbit coupling gaps.
The growth of high‐quality halide perovskite single crystals is imperative to study their intrinsic physical properties and to realize high‐performance optoelectronic devices. Here, a ...room‐temperature solvent evaporation‐induced crystallization (RTSEIC) method is reported based on Le Chatelier's principle, which provides a general strategy to grow halide perovskite single crystals including 3D, 2D, 1D, and 0D, and either hybrid or all‐inorganic halide perovskites. Taking 2D n‐BA2PbBr4 (n‐BA = butylammonium) as an example, the room‐temperature crystallization kinetics is demonstrated. The centimeter‐sized n‐BA2PbBr4 single crystals exhibit an extremely small full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.024° in (0 0 2) plane rocking curve and a small trap density of 2.74 × 1010 cm−3. The superior crystalline quality endows the n‐BA2PbBr4 single crystal ultraviolet photodetectors with recorded performance among reported n‐BA2PbBr4 ultraviolet photodetectors, demonstrating a detectivity reaching 1.8 × 1013 Jones, a fast response time of 55 µs and a high on‐off ratio of 104. The low‐cost, simple, general, and efficient RTSEIC method is anticipated to promote the blossoming of halide perovskites single crystals.
Perovskite single crystals with different dimensions and compositions are grown by the room‐temperature solvent evaporation‐induced crystallization method. The fast reaction between evaporated acid solvent and solid KOH breaks the evaporation‐condensation balance and leads to a lower real pressure than the saturated value. Continue solvent evaporation driven by the pressure difference induces solution concentration increase and crystallization.
A new self-powered broadband photodetector was fabricated by coating an n-silicon nanowire (n-Si NW) array with a layer of p-cupric oxide (CuO) nanoflakes through a new simple solution synthesis ...method. The p–n heterojunction shows excellent rectification characteristics in the dark and distinctive photovoltaic behavior under broadband light illumination. The photoresponse of the detector at zero bias voltage shows that this self-powered photodetector is highly sensitive to visible and near-infrared light illuminations, with excellent stability and reproducibility. Ultrafast response rise and recovery times of 60 and 80 μs, respectively, are shown by the CuO based nanophotodetector. In addition, the broadband photodetector can also provide a rapid binary response, with current changing from positive to negative upon illumination under a small bias. The binary response arises from the photovoltaic behavior and the low turn-on voltage of the CuO/Si NW device. These properties make the CuO/Si NW broadband photodetector suitable for applications that require high response speeds and self-sufficient functionality.
With the arrival of the Internet of Things (IoTs) era, there is a growing requirement for systems with many sensor nodes in a variety of fields of applications. The demands for wireless, sustainable ...and independent operation are becoming more and more important for large‐scale sensor networks and systems. For these purposes, a self‐powered sensory system that can utilize the self‐harvested energy from its surroundings to drive the sensors and directly sense external stimuli has attracted great attention. The invention and rapid development of piezoelectric generators (PENGs), which take Maxwell's displacement current as the driving force, has been pushing forward research on self‐powered active mechanical sensors, electronic skins, and human‐robotic interaction. Here, this review starts with a brief introduction of piezoelectric materials, fabrication, and performance improvement. Then, the energy harvesters used for self‐power systems based on recent progress are reviewed. After that, PENGs applications toward recent self‐powered active sensors are divided into four aspects and highlighted, respectively. Moreover, some challenges and future directions for the self‐powered multifunctional sensors are put forward. It is believed that through the continuous investigations into PENG‐based self‐powered active sensors, they will soon be used in touch screens, electronic skins, health care, environmental monitoring, and intelligence systems.
This review paper delivers a comprehensive discussion on the recent development of piezoelectric nanogenerators, covering the typical piezoelectric materials, fabrication process, strategies for the enhancement of piezoelectric performance, self‐powered sensors for multifunctional applications, and artificial intelligence. Future challenges and potential research directions for the self‐powered multifunctional sensors are also involved.
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