To deeply explore new strategy of the individual therapy for the patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), we observed gene expression profile in patients with LIHC and made a ...comprehensive analysis of the inflammation-related phenotypes, we detected a set of characteristic genes associated with the biological activities of tumor cells, among which 3 genes and 2 lncRNAs are tagged on the LIHC prognosis. Then we constructed a novel prognostic model by machine learning, called Inf-PR model, and evaluated the drug sensitivity and immune targets by a series of bioinformatics tools. Ten-fold cross-validation testified that the model achieved excellent performance on prediction and classification of prognostic risks, which was not only able to get more reliable prognosis information than the age, gender, grade and stage, but also exceeded those previously reported similar models. Accordingly, drug sensitivity was detected in different prognostic risk groups, the result displayed that 10 FDA-approved small molecular drugs including lovastatin and sorafenib had higher sensitivities and perturbativities in the high-risk group, and other 15 drugs including doxorubicin and lenvatinib had better sensitivities and perturbativities in the low-risk group. Moreover, it suggested the patients with high risk would better combine with immunotherapy than those with low risk. Taken together, this study presents a new individual precision strategy about drug and target selection to treat LIHC based on this evaluation model, which is a powerful supplement for current anti-tumor therapy.
•This study identified the key signatures of LIHC and constructed machine-learning model for prognostic risk assessment.•The performances of drug and immunotherapy displayed significant differences in classification by this model.•A refined therapeutic plan was made for individual medication based on this evaluated model.
Fatigue failure is one of the most common fracture modes of structural materials in the industrial field. The study of material fatigue mechanisms and methods for predicting fatigue life has always ...been of significant interest to researchers due to the abrupt and catastrophic failure mode. In recent decades, the performance and functionality of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been continuously improved and expanded. Based on this, the development of in situ fatigue testing in SEM has been rapidly developed. This technology plays a crucial role in providing insights into the deformation behavior of materials under fatigue. Keeping this in view, a comprehensive review of the development and application methods of in situ SEM fatigue testing technology is provided here. The development of in situ SEM fatigue testing devices is provided in brief overview, and the application and research progress of this technology in some representative metal structural materials (nickel-based single-crystal superalloys, steel, aluminum alloys and additive manufacturing materials) are analyzed in detail. Moreover, the perspectives on evaluating fatigue damage, particularly about small cracks and the plastic accumulations fatigue behavior, are presented in this study, utilizing the latest advancements in in situ SEM fatigue testing. Remarks about the present and outlook for future work to be done are then provided.
Considering the effects of wall bowing and spatially nonuniform injection, the near-wall flow structures and heat transfer characteristics in transpiration cooling are studied through numerical ...simulations by an in-house thermal lattice Boltzmann solver accelerated by GPGPUs. Results reveal that the development of coolant layer is influenced by local velocity gradients, and a wall blowing ratio of larger than 2%–3% induces the flow separation and unstable coverage of low-temperature layer, and that the coolant injection weakens the surface friction coefficient, while the flow separation facilitates a local increase of the skin friction coefficient downstream the wall. For nonuniform injection, the local increases of mass and momentum with the peak velocity of nonuniform injection is beneficial to the coolant-layer development but the spatial temperature control is unstable, indicating the stable development and coverage of coolant layer are the key factors of the flow and heat transfer in transpiration cooling process.
•A thermal LBM-LES by GPGPUs-acceleration is presented for flow structures and heat transfer in transpiration cooling.•Coolant-layer development, skin-friction-coefficient and thermal performance are investigated under coolant injection.•The stable coolant-layer benefits cooling, and local peak velocity in nonuniform-blowing promotes coolant-coverage.
Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) were synthesized using well-known citric acid and polyethylenimine precursors but under a modified microwave reaction conditions in order to achieve high ...sensitivity and selectivity for Pd 2+ . The as-synthesized fluorescent CNPs with an average diameter of 2-3 nm exhibited good water solubility and photo-stability. The CNPs were systematically characterized using various advanced techniques and the fluorescence study on the as-prepared CNPs showed the excitation-dependent emission properties. Finally, the as-synthesized carbon nanoparticles served as a promising fluorescence probe for Pd 2+ sensing. The sensitivity and the selectivity for Pd 2+ detection were investigated by fluorescence quenching titrations and comparison of various competing metal ions, respectively. The results show that besides the excellent selectivity to Pd 2+ against other metal ions, the limit of detection to Pd 2+ could also reach as low as 12.4 nM, which is much lower than the threshold concentration limit of Pd 2+ in medicine and environmental samples. The findings here indicate that the as-prepared CNPs hold great promise as a low-cost sensing material for sensitive and selective detection of palladium.
In the present work, experiments aim at the encapsulation of foreign materials within hollow graphitic cage have been carried out for iron group metals (Fe, Co, Ni) using a modified arc-discharge ...(carbon arc) reactor. HRTEM (high resolution transmission electron miscroscope), and XRD (X-ray diffractometer) studies, for three carbon encapsulated materials, showing nanoparticles of both a metallic phase (α-Fe, γ-Fe; hcp-Co, fcc-Co; fcc-Ni) and also a carbide phase (M
3C, M=Fe, Co, Ni) are encapsulated in graphitic carbon. The magnetic measurement for the three as-made nanoparticles, indicating that the values of saturation magnetic moment of three nanoparticle are 37.6, 55.5 and 15.7% of the bulk ferromagnetic elements counterparts, respectively. The different comparison values (
M
r/
M
s) of remanent magnetization (
M
r) and saturation magnetization (
M
s) suggest, the encapsulated Fe and Co nanoparticles are shown to be ferromagnetic with a ratio of remnant to saturation magnetization
M
r/
M
s∼0.3; whereas, the encapsulated Ni nanoparticles exhibits superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature.
Because of its good biocompatibility and biodegradability, albumins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) have found a wide range of biomedical applications. Herein, we ...report that glutaraldehyde cross-linked BSA (or HSA) forms a novel fluorescent biological hydrogel, exhibiting new green and red autofluorescence in vitro and in vivo without the use of any additional fluorescent labels. UV-vis spectra studies, in conjunction with the fluorescence spectra studies including emission, excitation and synchronous scans, indicated that three classes of fluorescent compounds are presumably formed during the gelation process. SEM, FTIR and mechanical tests were further employed to investigate the morphology, the specific chemical structures and the mechanical strength of the as-prepared autofluorescent hydrogel, respectively. Its biocompatibility and biodegradability were also demonstrated through extensive in vitro and in vivo studies. More interestingly, the strong red autofluorescence of the as-prepared hydrogel allows for conveniently and non-invasively tracking and modeling its in vivo degradation based on the time-dependent fluorescent images of mice. A mathematical model was proposed and was in good agreement with the experimental results. The developed facile strategy to prepare novel biocompatible and biodegradable autofluorescent protein hydrogels could significantly expand the scope of protein hydrogels in biomedical applications.
•Utilized oxalic acid as a green reducing agent to prepare the reduced graphene oxide modified with rich CO and COH.•The synergistic effect of carboxylation and decarboxylation of GO edge by oxalic ...acid can achieve more retention of C=O.•Rapid reduction reaction, oxygen groups conversion and equilibrium of reactions are the three stages of rGO-oxalic formation.•The rGO-oxalic showed good electrochemical properties (301.1 F/g at 1 A/g and 89.5% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).
The formation of rGO-oxalic could be divided into three stages: rapid reduction reaction, oxygenic groups conversion and equilibrium of reactions. And the synergistic effect of carboxylation and decarboxylation of GO edge by oxalic acid can achieve more retention of CO. Display omitted
The reduced graphene oxide (rGO-oxalic) with rich carbonyl and hydroxyl groups was prepared by using oxalic acid as reducing agent, and the structure of rGO-oxalic was characterized by XRD, Raman, TEM, AFM, XPS and BET. The anion and cation in oxalic acid play an important role in the removal of oxygen groups on GO surface, but the chemical reaction and mechanism are different. The further study indicated that the GO was reduced rapidly and effectively in the initial stage of reaction, and it is selective reduction in the middle and final stage of the reaction, showing that more carbonyl and hydroxyl groups were retained. The supercapacitor with rGO-oxalic as electrode material exhibited the superior specific capacitance (301.1 F·g−1 and 217.0 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1 in three- and two-electrode systems, respectively). Meanwhile, the capacitance retention was as high as 89.5% after 10,000 cycles at 5 A·g−1 for the symmetric supercapacitor. The research on the reduction mechanism of rGO-oxalic is beneficial to its potential application in energy storage and other fields.
Surface-fluorinated TiO2 nanocrystal (NC) films have been obtained on FTO substrates by the one-pot solvothermal reaction. It is found that the fluorine anions play a critical role in generating ...oxygen vacancies, and triggering the self-assembly of the NCs to form porous structures as well as modulating the NC sizes. Meanwhile, pristine TiO2 films show simultaneous electrochromic regulation behavior in the near-infrared and visible regions under electrochemical bias, which reveals that the surface-fluorinated TiO2 films demonstrate selective and independent modulation in the two regions with high optical modulation (77.5% at 700 nm and 62.5% at 1300 nm); unprecedentedly fast electrochromic response (coloring time of 12.8 s at 700 nm and 10.2 s at 1300 nm; bleaching time of 4.3 s at 700 nm and 4.8 s at 1300 nm); and superior cycling stability, respectively. The films also exhibit three typical energy efficient working modes and promising energy storage characteristics. In addition, the electrochromic reaction kinetics is scrutinized, and it is investigated that the effect of oxygen vacancies is of importance to realize NIR selective modulation. The present work may prove to provide an alternative approach for designing high performance TiO2-based single-component dual-band energy efficient electrochromic devices.
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•Surface-fluorinated TiO2 nanocrystal films are obtained by self-assembly growth.•The nanocrystal films exhibit excellent dual-band electrochromic performance.•The films promise potential for energy storage and multicolor electrochromism.
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