Hasmiwati, Supargiyono. 2018. Short Communication: Genotyping of kdr allele in insecticide resistant-Aedes aegypti populations from West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 552-558. Aedes aegypti, ...the primary vector of Dengue fever, is widely distributed in Indonesia including in West Sumatra. Chemical insecticide is an effective way of shedding the chain of Dengue fever transmission. Long-term applications of insecticides have resulted in the development of resistance in Ae. aegypti populations. Knockdown resistance (kdr) allele as a result of point mutations has been found in Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC) gene. This study aimed to design allele-specific primers to detect the kdr allele mutations. Ae aegypti samples were collected from several dengue endemic areas in West Sumatra. The susceptibility of adult mosquitos to insecticides was determined by bioassays using impregnation paper test with 0.18% malathion and 0.75% permethrin. In this study, we successfully confirmed that the A. populations have point mutations in the VGSC gene corresponding to S989P and V1016G amino acid substitutions. To genotype S989P and V1016G alleles, we designed kdr allele-specific primers based on the sequence of VGSC gene (NCBI Accession number No. EU399179.1. PCR analysis using the kdr allele-specific primers successfully identified the genotype of Ae. aegypti populations resistant to malathion and permethrin in West Sumatra.
Identifying fine-scale spatial patterns of disease is essential for effective disease control and elimination programmes. In low resource areas without formal addresses, novel strategies are needed ...to locate residences of individuals attending health facilities in order to efficiently map disease patterns. We aimed to assess the use of Android tablet-based applications containing high resolution maps to geolocate individual residences, whilst comparing the functionality, usability and cost of three software packages designed to collect spatial information.
Using Open Data Kit GeoODK, we designed and piloted an electronic questionnaire for rolling cross sectional surveys of health facility attendees as part of a malaria elimination campaign in two predominantly rural sites in the Rizal, Palawan, the Philippines and Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The majority of health workers were able to use the tablets effectively, including locating participant households on electronic maps. For all households sampled (n = 603), health facility workers were able to retrospectively find the participant household using the Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates and data collected by tablet computers. Median distance between actual house locations and points collected on the tablet was 116 m (IQR 42-368) in Rizal and 493 m (IQR 258-886) in Kulon Progo Regency. Accuracy varied between health facilities and decreased in less populated areas with fewer prominent landmarks.
Results demonstrate the utility of this approach to develop real-time high-resolution maps of disease in resource-poor environments. This method provides an attractive approach for quickly obtaining spatial information on individuals presenting at health facilities in resource poor areas where formal addresses are unavailable and internet connectivity is limited. Further research is needed on how to integrate these with other health data management systems and implement in a wider operational context.
Background: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium sp., that still prevalence in some part of Indonesia. District of Pesawaran is one of malaria endemic area in the Province of ...Lampung. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ACT treatment in the District of Pesawaran Province of Lampung, Indonesia from Dec 2012 to Jul 2013 and the genetic variation of the Plasmodium falciparum also studied. Methods: This study was observational analytic study of falciparum malaria patients treated with ACT and primaquine (DHP-PQ and AAQ-PQ) at Hanura Primary Health Centre (Puskesmas). DNA isolation was done with QIAmp DNA Mini Kit. Amplification of PfMDR1, MSP1, and MSP2 genes was done with appropriate forward and reverse primer and procedures optimized first. PCR Product of PfMDR1 gene was prepared for sequencing. Data analysis was done with MEGA 6 software. Results: The results of this research are DHP-PQ effectiveness was still wellness among falciparum malaria patients in District of Pesawaran, Province of Lampung, Indonesia. There is Single-nucleotide mutation of N86Y of PfMDR1 gene. The dominant alleles found are MAD20 and 3D7 alleles with Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) are low. Conclusion: Therapy of DHP-PQ as an antimalarial falciparum in Pesawaran District, Lampung, Indonesia is still good. The genetic variation found was the SNP on the N86Y PfMDR1 gene, with dominant allele MAD20 and 3D7.
The transmission of malaria in Indonesia is highly heterogeneous spatially and seasonally. Anti-malaria antibody responses can help characterize this variation. In the present study antibody ...responses to Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 and AMA-1 were measured to assess the transmission intensity in a hypo-endemic area of Purworejo and a meso-endemic area of Lampung during low and high transmission seasons.
Filter-paper blood spot samples collected from Purworejo and Lampung by cross-sectional survey during high and low transmission season were stored at -20°C. Indirect ELISA assays were carried out using PfMSP1-19 and PfAMA1 antigens. A positivity threshold was determined by samples from local unexposed individuals, and the differences in seroprevalence, antibody level and correlation between antibody level and age in each site were statistically analysed.
Prevalence of antibodies to either PfMSP1-19 or PfAMA1 was higher in Lampung than in Purworejo in both the low (51.3 vs 25.0%) and high transmission season (53.9 vs 37.5%). The magnitude of antibody responses was associated with increasing age in both sites and was higher in Lampung. Age-adjusted seroconversion rates showed an approximately ten-fold difference between Lampung and Purowejo. Two different seroconversion rates were estimated for Lampung suggesting behaviour-related differences in exposure. In both settings antibody responses to PfMSP1-19 were significantly lower in the low season compared to the high season.
Seasonal changes may be detectable by changes in antibody responses. This is particularly apparent in lower transmission settings and with less immunogenic antigens (in this case PfMSP1-19). Examination of antibody levels rather than seroprevalence is likely to be a more sensitive indicator of changes in transmission. These data suggest that sero-epidemiological analysis may have a role in assessing short-term changes in exposure especially in low or seasonal transmission settings.
Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasite called
.
is an intracellular protozoan parasite belong to phylum Apicomplexa, is an obligate parasite in mammals. The active ...proliferating trophozoites or tachyzoites are usually seen in the acute stage of infection, while the resting bradyzoites formed tissue cysts are primary found in muscle and brain. Human infection occurs mainly by ingesting food or water contaminated with oocyst or eating an undercook meat containing tissue cyst. Human might be infected via blood transfusion, organ transplantation or transplacenta transmission. Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disease of the central nervous system, which contributing to behavioral changes which may resulted in higher risk to
infection. The purpose of this study were to know difference of seroprevalence and risk factor of toxoplasmosis between schizophrenia group and control group.
Serum sample were collected 94 among schizophrenia patient at Grhasia Hospital and 64 normal population (control group). Antibody IgG of
was measured using ELISA method (Enzym Link Immnusorbent Assay) and questionnaires were used to collect risk factor data among the respondent.
The seroprevalence antibody IgG of patient with schizophrenia (69.14%) higher than control group (65.625%), but not significantly different (p>0.05). There was an association between some of risk factor with seropositive of toxoplasmosis in both group. In schizophrenia group, risk factor that associated with toxoplasmosis are uncooked meat consumption, contact with uncooked meat and soil, handwashing habit, uncooked water consumption, and water source. In control group, risk factor that associated are having cattles/pet, undercook meat consumption, and water source.
This finding have shown seroprevalence of schizophrenia group higher than non-schizophrenia group and risk factor which associated with toxoplasmosis was different between two groups.
•Strongyloides stercoralis prevalence in Papua, Indonesia is 32.0% among 331 individuals.•Prevalence of strongyloidiasis was higher than that of any other intestinal helminth species.•Fourteen ...percent of strongyloidiasis were of moderate or high intensity.•Strongyloidiasis was associated with an age equal to or higher than 5 years.•First to report data on the molecular epidemiology of S. stercoralis in Papua, Indonesia.
Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasitic worm that is of considerable clinical relevance. Indeed, it may persist asymptomatically for many years, but can lead to potentially fatal dissemination when the host's immune status is impaired. As commonly employed stool microscopy techniques (e.g. Kato-Katz thick smear) fail to detect S. stercoralis, the epidemiology is poorly understood. In 2013, we conducted a cross-sectional household survey in the district of Mimika in Papua, Indonesia. A total of 331 individuals, aged 1 month to 44 years, had a single stool sample subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for S. stercoralis diagnosis. The prevalence of S. stercoralis infection was 32.0% (106/331 individuals); higher than any of the three main soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, 23.9%; Trichuris trichiura, 18.4%; and hookworm, 17.2%). Amongst the S. stercoralis-infected individuals, 73.6% were concurrently infected with another helminth, with hookworm being the most frequent co-infection (27.4%). Fourteen percent of the S. stercoralis infections had low cycle threshold values on real-time PCR, which may indicate a higher infection intensity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥5 years (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 5.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.1-10.8) was significantly associated with S. stercoralis infection. There is a need for in-depth clinical and diagnostic studies to elucidate the public health impact of S. stercoralis infection in Indonesia.
Filariasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by filarial worms. Swelling in the legs in patients with filariasis can result in a significantly lower quality of life. The recommended treatments ...for patients who experience swelling or lymphoedema are lymphoedema exercises and foot elevation. This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design including pre- and posttreatment tests with a control group. This study used a cluster sampling method, which is a nonprobability sampling technique. The samples in this study were 48 respondents divided into two groups: 24 respondents from the Nebe Village comprising the intervention group and 24 respondents from the Bangkoor Village comprising the control group. The intervention group conducted lymphoedema exercises and foot elevation three times a week for 15–20 min for 1 month and measured their quality of life using the LFSQQ questionnaire. Measurements of pitting edema and ankle diameter were also carried out. Paired t-test revealed an improvement in the quality of life between pretest and posttest in the intervention and control groups (p=0.001). The quality of life in the pre-post intervention group improved from 67.42 to 81.58. In addition, the quality of life in the pre-post control group only improved from 62.50 to 72.58. The level of pitting edema decreased from severe (+++) to moderate (++) and from mild (+) to normal (0), and there was no difference in ankle diameter in each group (p=1.000). The quality of life improved before and after the administration of lymphoedema exercises and foot elevation for each group. Pitting edema decreased before and after lymphoedema exercises and foot elevation for each group. There was no decrease in ankle diameter after lymphoedema exercises and foot elevation in the intervention and control groups.
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by
sp., that still prevalence in some part of Indonesia. District of Pesawaran is one of malaria endemic area in the Province of Lampung. The purpose of this ...study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ACT treatment in the District of Pesawaran Province of Lampung, Indonesia from Dec 2012 to Jul 2013 and the genetic variation of the
also studied.
This study was observational analytic study of falciparum malaria patients treated with ACT and primaquine (DHP-PQ and AAQ-PQ) at Hanura Primary Health Centre (
). DNA isolation was done with QIAmp DNA Mini Kit. Amplification of
,
, and MSP2 genes was done with appropriate forward and reverse primer and procedures optimized first. PCR Product of PfMDR1 gene was prepared for sequencing. Data analysis was done with MEGA 6 software.
The results of this research are DHP-PQ effectiveness was still wellness among falciparum malaria patients in District of Pesawaran, Province of Lampung, Indonesia. There is Single-nucleotide mutation of
of
gene. The dominant alleles found are MAD20 and 3D7 alleles with Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) are low.
Therapy of DHP-PQ as an antimalarial falciparum in Pesawaran District, Lampung, Indonesia is still good. The genetic variation found was the SNP on the N86Y PfMDR1 gene, with dominant allele MAD20 and 3D7.
Background: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium sp., that still prevalence in some part of Indonesia. District of Pesawaran is one of malaria endemic area in the Province of ...Lampung. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ACT treatment in the District of Pesawaran Province of Lampung, Indonesia from Dec 2012 to Jul 2013 and the genetic variation of the Plasmodium falciparum also studied.
Methods: This study was observational analytic study of falciparum malaria patients treated with ACT and primaquine (DHP-PQ and AAQ-PQ) at Hanura Primary Health Centre (Puskesmas). DNA isolation was done with QIAmp DNA Mini Kit. Amplification of PfMDR1, MSP1, and MSP2 genes was done with appropriate forward and reverse primer and procedures optimized first. PCR Product of PfMDR1 gene was prepared for sequencing. Data analysis was done with MEGA 6 software.
Results: The results of this research are DHP-PQ effectiveness was still wellness among falciparum malaria patients in District of Pesawaran, Province of Lampung, Indonesia. There is Single-nucleotide mutation of N86Y of PfMDR1 gene. The dominant alleles found are MAD20 and 3D7 alleles with Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) are low.
Conclusion: Therapy of DHP-PQ as an antimalarial falciparum in Pesawaran District, Lampung, Indonesia is still good. The genetic variation found was the SNP on the N86Y PfMDR1 gene, with dominant allele MAD20 and 3D7.
PDF
