We propose a hybrid continuum surface tension force (CSF) formulation to model the interface interaction within the three-phase volume of fluid (VOF) method. Instead of employing the height function ...globally, we compute the curvature based on a smooth fraction function near the region of the triple contact point. In addition, we apply the isotropic finite difference method to calculate derivatives, and the current scheme readily accommodates adaptive mesh refinement, greatly enhancing efficiency. We rigorously validate the hybrid CSF using two benchmark problems that have received limited attention in previous studies of the three-phase VOF method. Using the hybrid CSF method, we accurately predict the behavior of a liquid lens under specific surface tension ratios. Furthermore, the simulation results of the equilibrium morphology of two contacting droplets are consistent with the theoretical expectations.
•Hybrid continuum surface tension force.•Three-dimensional and three-phase VOF method.•Benchmark validations for three-phase VOF method.
We propose a hybrid continuum surface force (CSF) formulation to model the interface interaction within the three-phase volume of fluid (VOF) method. Instead of employing the height function ...globally, we compute the curvature based on a smooth fraction function near the region of the triple contact line. In addition, we apply the isotropic finite difference method to calculate derivatives, and the current scheme readily accommodates adaptive mesh refinement, greatly enhancing efficiency. We rigorously validate the hybrid CSF using two benchmark problems that have received limited attention in previous studies of the three-phase VOF method. Using the hybrid CSF method, we accurately predict the behavior of a liquid lens under specific surface tension ratios. Furthermore, the simulation results of the equilibrium morphology of two contacting droplets are consistent with the theoretical expectations.
