The use of treated domestic effluent in agriculture is important not only as a source of water but also as a source of nutrients for crops. In this context, the objective of this study was to ...evaluate its use for the production of ornamental sunflower cv. ‘Anão de Jardim’ in a bench-type low cost hydroponic system, inferring on its technical feasibility and observing the possible impacts on the crop. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse adopting a completely randomized design with four treatments (T1 - nutrient solution of Furlani 100%, prepared in municipal supply water - control), T2, T3 and T4 - nutrient solution of Furlani, respectively, with 100, 75 and 50% strength, prepared in treated domestic effluent and six replicates, totalizing 24 experimental units, each consisting of 15 plants. All treatments met the nutritional requirements of the plants and presented adequate contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in leaf and stem at harvest leading to satisfactory plant growth and produced acceptable commercial grade chapters and stems. The plants under treatment T4 although produced chapters of commercial quality but exhibited great variability in comparison to the other treatments, therefore except this treatment any other treatment can be used for hydroponic production of ornamental sunflower utilizing treated domestic effluents.
Production of lettuce with brackish water in NFT hydroponic system Silva, Jucicléia Soares da; Paz, Vital Pedro da Silva; Soares, Tales Miler ...
Semina. Ciências agrárias : revista cultural e científica da Universidade Estadual de Londrina,
05/2018, Volume:
39, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Groundwater reserves in the semi-arid regions, which are mostly brackish, could be used to meet local water demands. Hydroponic cultivation is an alternative of rational use of water. Thus, the ...objective of this work was to evaluate the technical feasibility of using brackish groundwater in the semi-arid region of Bahia and Recôncavo of Bahia for hydroponic production of curly lettuce cv. ‘Verônica’ and purple lettuce cv. ‘Quatro Estações’. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the city of Cruz das Almas, Bahia State, in a randomized block experimental design, composed of seven treatments T1- public-supply water; T2- water from the well of UFRB; T3- reject water from the well of Cruz das Almas; T4- water from the well of Sapeaçu; T5- reject water from the well of Sapeaçu; T6- reject water from the well of Conceição do Coité and T7- artificially salinated water (NaCl) and six replicates in an experimental hydroponic structure using the nutrient film technique (NFT). The following variables were analyzed: number of leaves, shoot fresh matter, shoot length, root length, shoot dry matter, and root dry matter. Relative shoot dry matter production in curly lettuce increased by 1, 5, and 2% in the treatments T2, T3, and T4, respectively, whereas in purple lettuce, the increments were 10, 1, and 20%, respectively, for the same treatments. The use of brackish groundwater from the deep tubular wells of the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia and Sapeaçu and desalination reject water from the tubular well of Cruz das Almas proved to be technically feasible for hydroponic lettuce production.
ABSTRACT The Brazilian semiarid is historically characterized by the water scarcity of good-quality. In this region there is great availability of groundwater reserves, however, these waters has high ...concentrations of dissolved salts, that makes them inappropriate to be used in the irrigation of most crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, production and salinity tolerance of three cauliflower cultivars in hydroponics NFT (Nutrient Film Technique), subjected to different electrical conductivities of the nutrient solution (ECsol) prepared with saline water. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design in split-plot, with six replications. The plants were subjected to six levels of ECsol (1.94 - control, 3.24, 4.10, 5.04, 5.92 and 7.01 dS m-1) in the main plots, with three cauliflower cultivars (‘Piracicaba de Verão’, ‘Sabrina’ and ‘SF1758’) in the subplots, which were grown in the same hydroponic channel. Vegetative growth, inflorescence production and salinity tolerance of cultivars were evaluated. In general, except for the number of leaves, leaf width and fresh matters of leaves and shoot, the different ECsol levels negatively influenced the vegetative growth and inflorescences yield of cultivars cauliflower. The cultivars ‘Piracicaba de Verão’ and ‘Sabrina’ were considered moderately sensitive to salinity, while cultivar ‘SF1758’ was moderately tolerant to salinity.
RESUMO O Semiárido brasileiro é historicamente caracterizado pela escassez de recursos hídricos de boa qualidade. Nessa região há uma grande disponibilidade de água de reservas subterrâneas, no entanto, apresentam elevadas concentrações de sais, que as tornam inapropriadas para irrigação da maioria das culturas. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o crescimento, a produção e a tolerância à salinidade de três cultivares de couve-flor em hidroponia NFT (Nutrient Film Technique), submetidas a diferentes condutividades elétricas da solução nutritiva (CEsol) preparadas com águas salinizadas. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas, com seis repetições. As plantas foram submetidas a seis níveis de CEsol (1,94 - controle; 3,24; 4,10; 5,04; 5,92 e 7,01 dS m-1) nas parcelas principais, com três cultivares de couve-flor (‘Piracicaba de Verão’, ‘Sabrina’ e ‘SF1758’) nas subparcelas, quando foram cultivadas no mesmo canal hidropônico. Avaliaram-se o crescimento vegetativo, a produção de inflorescências e a tolerância à salinidade das cultivares. De maneira geral, com exceção do número de folhas, largura foliar e as massas de matéria fresca das folhas e da parte aérea, os diferentes níveis de CEsol influenciaram negativamente o crescimento vegetativo e o rendimento das inflorescências das cultivares da couve-flor. As cultivares ‘Piracicaba de Verão’ e ‘Sabrina’ foram consideradas moderadamente sensíveis à salinidade, enquanto a cultivar ‘SF1758’ foi moderadamente tolerante à salinidade.
Acclimatization is the final phase of banana plantlet production by micropropagation. In this phase, the plantlets are grown in a protected environment with high demand for water, fertilizer and ...labor, until reaching the standard size and quality required for marketing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of reducing these costs and the duration of the acclimatization phase, using the hydroponic cultivation technique as compared to the conventional system. ‘Prata–Anã’ banana plantlet performance was measured for both systems under both tropical summer and winter conditions, based upon water and nutrient use efficiency and growing time of the plantlets. In both seasons, the plantlets produced hydroponically presented faster growth of both the shoot and root systems. There was a reduction of 12 days to reach the transplantation point, a significant reduction in plantlet production cost (fertilizers + water) and improved efficiency in space use with an expressive increase in the number of plantlets produced per square meter.
ABSTRACT In irrigated crops, salinity is the main cause of the reduction of growth and productivity, with damage of the variability according to the sensitivity of the crop. The objective of this ...work was to evaluate the growth, water consumption and production of basil cv. Toscano Folha de Alface under saline stress, in different frequencies of recirculation of the nutritive solution and hydroponic systems. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme 3 x 2 + 1, where the first factor represents the concentrations of NaCl (0, 40 and 80 mmol L-1) and the second factor the recirculation frequencies of the nutrient solution (4 or 6 hours) in a deep flow hydroponic system (DFT), and an additional treatment with nutrient solution in hydroponic laminar flow system (NFT). The water consumption, growth variables and phytomass production and growth rates were evaluated. Reducing the frequency of recirculation of the nutrient solution to six hours does not cause significant reductions in water consumption, growth, phytomass production and absolute growth rate of basil. The water consumption, growth, phytomass production and the absolute growth rate of basil reduced with the use of saline nutrient solution, 40 and 80 mmol L-1 NaCl. The choice of the DFT or NFT hydroponic system does not cause significant changes in the variables analyzed in basil, under the conditions studied.
Despite the large number of studies involving the isolated effects of salt or thermal stresses in the rootzone, under natural conditions plants are often exposed to complex interactions that may ...involve the combination of different abiotic stresses. In this context, this study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the effects of combined stress of salinity and root-zone temperature on the growth, production, and quality of intercropped coriander and rocket plants under different strategies of brackish water use. Six treatments were evaluated, as follows: four treatments consisted of the combinations of two levels of electrical conductivity of water (ECw 0.3 dS m-1 - low salinity water and 6.5 dS m-1 - brackish water containing NaCl) with two root-zone temperatures - RZT (ambient: < 25 °C and constant at 30 °C). ...a day before the transplanting, when the heating of the nutrient solutions started, there was some problem in the electrical installations, thus, it was not possible for all heaters to function simultaneously, as per respective treatments. ...these strategies were employed to combine low salinity and brackish waters.
Hydroponics has represented an emerging solution for regions with freshwater scarcity. Besides requiring a lower volume of water for production, this cultivation technique allows the use of brackish ...waters with high salinity levels. Under normal cultivation conditions (i.e., without any environmental control), plants are exposed to other abiotic stresses, such as temperature, which can further enhance the salinity effect. Given the above, three experiments were conducted using a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system: from April to May (autumn) with endive (
Cichorium endivia
L., cv. Gigante Barbarella), from May to July (autumn/winter) with lettuce (
Lactuca sativa
L., cv. Rubinela and cv. Veneranda), and from August to October (winter/spring) with chicory (
Cichorium intybus
L., cv. Pão de Açúcar and cv. Radiche Todo Ano), in 2021. The trials aimed to evaluate the isolated and/or combined effect of salt and root-zone temperature stresses on yield, water use efficiency, and visual quality of these vegetables. In all experiments, plants were subjected to stresses for 25 days in a randomized block design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement: two levels of electrical conductivity of water –ECw (0.30 and 5.50 dS m
–1
for endive and chicory; 0.25 and 6.50 dS m
−1
for lettuce) combined with four root-zone temperatures – RZTs (ambient-ARZT, ARZT + 2 °C, ARZT + 4 °C, and ARZT + 6 °C, corresponding to the mean temperatures of 24.72, 26.90, 28.77, and 30.73 °C for endive; 24.20, 26.00, 28.00, and 29.99 °C for lettuce; 27.12, 28.93, 31.01, and 32.86 °C for chicory). The isolated effects of RZT stresses or ECw levels on endive traits were observed, with leaf fresh matter losses of approximately 17 and 44% at higher ARZT + 6 °C (mean of 30.73 °C) and salinity (ECw 5.50 dS m
–1
), respectively. Shoot fresh matter losses of around 32 and 52% (Veneranda and Rubinela lettuces, respectively) and 65% (Radiche Todo Ano chicory) occurred only due to salt stress. The interaction affected the shoot fresh matter of Pão de Açúcar chicory, with approximate losses of 80% at higher ARZT + 6 °C (mean of 32.86 °C) and salt stress (ECw 5.50 dS m
–1
) than ARZT and ARZT + 2 °C and without salt stress (ECw 0.30 dS m
–1
). Despite these reductions, visual quality of plants was not depreciated. Therefore, the present study suggested cultivating leafy vegetables such as lettuce, chicory, and endive using brackish waters, even under high temperatures of nutrient solutions.
Plants response to the same level of salinity can be increased in hydroponic cultivation compared to under soil conditions. The study aimed at evaluating the chicory growth in DFT (Deep Flow ...Technique) hydroponic system using brackish water, comparing the results with those obtained in NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) system. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with eight replicates. Each plot (replicate) was represented by a hydroponic channel with 15 plants. Four treatments were used, consisting of plants grown in the DFT system submitted to three levels of electrical conductivity of nutrient solution - ECsol (2.57, 3.43 and 4.75 dS/m) and in the NFT system under ECsol of 2.57 dS/m. Plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry matter of shoot, water consumption, water use efficiency and water content in shoot at 20 and 25 days after transplanting (DAT) were evaluated. In each harvest, a mean value was obtained per plot through of the harvest collection of five plants. At 25 DAT, the largest reductions in production and water use efficiency of chicory were observed under higher salinity (ECsol 4.75 dS/m). In the DFT system no symptoms of toxicity that could be attributed to salinity were observed.
In the absence of matric potential, the hydroponic cultivation method of employing brackish water to prepare a nutrient solution permits satisfactory growth, even of non-leafy vegetables. The present ...study evaluated the growth variables, stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, and the shoot dry mass in the different phenological stages of “Biquinho” pepper in response to the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solutions (ECsol), varying from 2.70 to 7.77 dS m−1 in a Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic system. For the number of leaves, linear reductions of 3.89 and 9.29% (dS m−1)−1 were observed at 10 and 30 days after transplanting (DAT), respectively. At 60 DAT, plants began to preserve their leaves up to ECsol of 4.60 dS m−1 and presented a linear decrease of 23.32% per unit increment above the salinity threshold. At 10 DAT, the plant height and stem diameter were not affected and only at 30 DAT were there significant differences due to ECsol, with a linear reduction of 3.98 and 5.27% (dS m−1)−1, respectively. While at 60 DAT, the salinity response for these variables was represented by a plateau followed by a linear decrease, with salinity thresholds of 5.18 and 5.01 dS m−1, and thereafter a relative decrease of 9.31 and 11.9% per unit increase in ECsol above the threshold, respectively, the values up to the salinity threshold being 0.87 m and 15.77 mm, respectively. The shoot dry mass up to 60 DAT reduced linearly with an increase in ECsol, but the plants under moderate salinity after acclimatization (90 DAT) surpassed the control treatment, and maximum dry mass accumulation was observed at an ECsol of 5.14 dS m−1. The results reveal that in hydroponic cultivation of “Biquinho” pepper under salt stress, growth is attenuated in the reproductive phase.
La utilización de efluente doméstico tratado en la agricultura es importante no sólo por servir como fuente hídrica, sino también nutricional para las culturas. En este contexto, el presente trabajo ...tuvo como objetivo evaluar el uso de efluente doméstico tratado para la producción de girasol ornamental cv. Anão de Jardim en sistema hidropónico de bajo costo tipo bancada, infiriendo sobre la viabilidad técnica y observando los posibles impactos sobre la cultura. El experimento fue conducido en casa de vegetación, utilizando delineamiento completamente casualizado con cuatro tratamientos (T1 - solución nutritiva de Furlani 100%, preparada en agua de abastecimiento (control), T2, T3 y T4 - solución nutritiva de Furlani de 100, 75 y 50% fuerza, respectivamente, preparada en efluente doméstico tratado) y seis repeticiones, totalizando 24 unidades experimentales, siendo cada una constituida de 15 plantas. Todos los tratamientos atendieron las exigencias nutricionales de las plantas y presentaron niveles adecuados de N, P, K, Ca y Mg en la hoja y los tallos proporcionando un crecimiento satisfactorio de las plantas y produjeron capítulos y vástagos de calidad comercial aceptable. Las plantas bajo el tratamiento T4, aunque produjeron flores de calidad comercial, mostraron alta variabilidad en comparación a los otros tratamientos, por tanto cualquier otro tratamiento, excepto ese, puede ser utilizado para producción hidropónica de girasol ornamental utilizando los efluentes domésticos tratados. The use of treated domestic effluent in agriculture is important not only as a source of water but also as a source of nutrients for crops. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate its use for the production of ornamental sunflower cv. ‘Anão de Jardim’ in a bench-type low cost hydroponic system, inferring on its technical feasibility and observing the possible impacts on the crop. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse adopting a completely randomized design with four treatments (T1 - nutrient solution of Furlani 100%, prepared in municipal supply water - control), T2, T3 and T4 - nutrient solution of Furlani, respectively, with 100, 75 and 50% strength, prepared in treated domestic effluent and six replicates, totalizing 24 experimental units, each consisting of 15 plants. All treatments met the nutritional requirements of the plants and presented adequate contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in leaf and stem at harvest leading to satisfactory plant growth and produced acceptable commercial grade chapters and stems. The plants under treatment T4 although produced chapters of commercial quality but exhibited great variability in comparison to the other treatments, therefore except this treatment any other treatment can be used for hydroponic production of ornamental sunflower utilizing treated domestic effluents.
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