The mineral content of the hard dental tissue of mesiodens Tanaskovic-Stankovic, Sanja; Tanaskovic, Irena; Jovicic, Nemanja ...
Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacký, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia,
06/2018, Volume:
162, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Mesiodens is the most common form of supernumerary tooth mainly located between the maxillary central incisors. Its etiology is not completely understood but both genetic and environmental factors ...are assumed. The degree of mineralization and inorganic element content in hard tooth tissues is poorly understood as well as is the durability and suitability for allo- and auto-transplantation. Therefore aim of this study was to examine the content of inorganic elements.
This study included 26 mesiodens teeth and 26 normal central incisor teeth as controls. All specimens were prepared for SEM/EDS analysis which was aimed at specific sites on the enamel, dentine and cementum in order to evaluate the weight percentage and ratio of important inorganic elements.
and Conclusion. The results showed that there was a difference in the weight percentage of selected inorganic elements (calcium, phosphorus, oxygen, carbon, magnesium and sodium) in all three types of dental hard tissues but the differences were mostly expressed in the cementum tissue. The statistical analysis showed that the differences were marginally significant especially for calcium and phosphorus values and ratio in the enamel and dentine. The carbon and magnesium content in all three hard tissues showed the most differences, but overall, the hard tissues mineral content of the mesiodens did not differs significantly from healthy teeth.
In contrast to C57BL/6 mice, BALB/c mice are relatively resistant to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) after challenge with MOG
peptide. Here, we provide the first ...evidence that infection with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) in adulthood abrogates this resistance. Infected BALB/c mice developed clinical and histological signs similar to those seen in susceptible C57BL/6 mice. In addition to CD4
cells, large proportion of cells in the infiltrate of diseased BALB/c mice was CD8
, similar with findings in multiple sclerosis. CD8
cells that responded to
restimulation with MOG
were not specific for viral epitopes pp89 and m164. MCMV infection favors proinflammatory type of dendritic cells (CD86
CD40
CD11c
) in the peripheral lymph organs, M1 type of microglia in central nervous system, and increases development of Th1/Th17 encephalitogenic cells. This study indicates that MCMV may enhance autoimmune neuropathology and abrogate inherent resistance to EAE in mouse strain by enhancing proinflammatory phenotype of antigen-presenting cells, Th1/Th17, and CD8 response to MOG
.
Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) have been applied in order to recognize and classify spa waters collected at 30 sites on Serbian territory. The data set ...comprised 30 observations and 18 measured variables; natural radionuclides (
40K,
238U,
226Ra,
228Ra), gross alpha (GA) and gross beta (GB) activities, and hydrochemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total solids, HCO
−
3, Ca
2+, Mg
2+, Na
+, K
+, Cl
−, SO
2−
4, SiO
2). A Box–Cox transformation was used as a data pretreatment before the statistical methods applied. Analyzed waters were qualified in 14 categories strongly predominated by hydrogen carbonate. The exploration of the correlation matrix allowed to uncover strong associations between some variables (the alkaline and alkaline-earth elements, the radium isotopes, GA, GB, and chloride) as well as a lack of association between the others (pH, T, Mg
2+ and SiO
2).
PCA has revealed four latent factors which are responsible for the data structure covering 74.2% of the observed variations among the variables studied. Two of them can be initially assigned to mineralization of the components of the host rock whereas the other PCs are built from variables indicative of natural radioactivity. A reliable grouping of given data set of spa water samples with respect to their geotectonic units was found. The total correct classification of 83.3% was achieved for predefined geotectonic units. The resulting dendogram of HCA was interpreted to have classified the 30 spa water samples into four major groups and eleven subgroups using 18 variables.
► We apply principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis to Serbian spa waters. ► Correlations between hydrochemical and natural radioactivity parameters are found. ► Waters are classified into 14 different categories according to different types of European mineral waters. ► The residence times of groundwater is strongly correlated to geotectonic unit.
Cervical dilation using mechanical dilators is associated with various complications, such as uterine perforation, cervical laceration, infections and intraperitoneal hemorrhage. To achieve safe and ...painless cervical dilation, we constructed a new medical device to achieve confident mechanical cervical dilation: a continuous controllable balloon dilator (CCBD).
Controlled pumping of incompressible fluid into the CCBD increases the pressure and outer diameter of the CCBD, continuously dilating the cervical canal. The reliability of the CCBD was confirmed in vitro (testing for consistency and endurance, with no detected risk for breakage) and in vivo. A multi-center clinical study was conducted,with 120 pregnant women randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group I,control group, no dilation;Group II,mechanical dilation, Hegar dilator (HeD); and Group III,CCBD. The tissue material for histological evaluation was obtained from the endocervical mucosa before and after dilation using the HeD or CCBD.
The CCBD dilations were successful and had no complications in all 40 patients of Group III. The cervical tissue was markedly less damaged after CCBD dilation compared with HeD dilation (epithelium damage: 95% (HeD) vs. 45% (CCBD), P <0.001; basal membrane damage: 82.5% (HeD) vs. 27.5% (CCBD), P <0.001; stromal damage: 62.5% (HeD) vs. 37.5% (CCBD), P <0.01). Cervical hemorrhagia was observed in 90% of the patients after HeD dilation versus in 32.5% of the patients after CCBD dilation.
The CCBD should be used as a replacement for mechanical dilators to prevent uterine and cervical injury during cervical dilation.
ISRCTN54007498.
One of the most frequent indications for cesarean section is dystocia. It is impossible to predict, difficult to identify and coincident with the rapid expiry of the expected time, so it is important ...to point out some mistakes in expecting vaginal delivery. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency and the length of dystocia-related cesarean delivery, as well as the vitality of the newborn immediately after birth.
A prospective 3-year study was conducted including a total number of 6470 deliveries regardless of whether they were completed using cesarean section after an unsuccessful attempt of spontaneous vaginal delivery or not. The Apgar score, a proved useful tool for the assessment of the vitality of newborn children in the first minute, was used.
On the basis of the established indications, 653 (10.10%) of deliveries were completed using cesarean section. Dystocia was the third most common indication for cesarean section (16.38%). Deliveries in which dystocia was established as a diagnosis lasted much longer (p = 0.030) which resulted in weaker vitality of newborn children (p = 0.000) compared to the deliveries ended by spontaneous vaginal delivery.
This study shows that deliveries caused by dystocia last much longer and newborn children are of weaker vitality compared to other deliveries caused not by dystocia. Decisions concerning cesarean section must be made in a timely fashion.
This study evaluated the effect of sacubtril/valsartan on cardiac remodeling, molecular and cellular adaptations in experimental (rat) model of hypertension-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ...Thirty
Wistar Kyoto
rats, 10 healthy (control) and 20 rats with confirmed hypertension-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HpCM), were used for this study. The HpCM group was further subdivided into untreated and sacubitril/valsartan-treated groups. Myocardial structure and function were assessed using echocardiography, Langendorff’s isolated heart experiment, blood sampling and qualitative polymerase chain reaction. Echocardiographic examinations revealed protective effects of sacubitril/valsartan by improving left ventricular internal diameter in systole and diastole and fractional shortening. Additionally, sacubitril/valsartan treatment decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures in comparison with untreated hypertensive rats. Moreover, sacubitril/valsartan treatment reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis (reduced expression of Bax and Cas9 genes) compared to untreated rats. There was a regular histomorphology of cardiomyocytes, interstitium, and blood vessels in treated rats compared to untreated HpCM rats which expressed hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, with polymorphic nuclei, prominent nucleoli and moderately dilated interstitium. In experimental model of hypertension-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, sacubitril/valsartan treatment led to improved cardiac structure, haemodynamic performance, and reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Sacubitril/valsartan thus presents as a potential therapeutic strategy resulted in hypertension-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. It is the most common malignancy and there is a need for new approaches in therapies. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are ...the key components of colon cancer treatment. Besides common chemotherapy, alternative therapies are being studied to increase treatment effectiveness and reduce side effects. In this article, colorectal carcinoma cells were treated with chemotherapeutics and relative gene expression was investigated for the genes coding cytoskeleton proteins: CDH1, CTNNB1 and CDH2; for redox status genes: GPX1, GPX2, GPX3, GPX4, TXNRD1, GSTP1, NFE2L2, NFKB1, HIF1A; and for apoptosis genes: CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, FAS, BCL-2 and BAX. The results of our research showed that some concentrations of chemotherapeutics increased the expression of certain genes. Molecular alterations that lead to colorectal cancer can determine appropriate and effective treatment - chemotherapeutics, as well as the design of direct therapeutic targets.
Atherosclerosis is a complex disease whose pathogenesis includes endothelial activation, accumulation of lipids in the subendothelium, formation of foam cells, fat bands and formation of ...atherosclerotic plaque. These complex mechanisms involve different cell populations in the intimate sub-endothelium, and the S-100 protein family plays a role in a number of extracellular and intracellular processes during the development of atherosclerotic lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic characteristics of smooth muscle cells and the consequent expression of S100 protein in atherosclerotic altered coronary arteries in advanced stages of atherosclerosis. 19 samples of right atherosclerotic coronary arteries in stages of fibro atheroma (type V lesion) and complicated lesions (type VI lesion) have been analyzed. According to the standard protocol, the following primary antibodies have been used in the immunohistochemical analysis: a-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin and S-100 protein. All analyzed samples have been in advanced stages of atherosclerosis, fibro atheroma (stage V lesions) and complicated lesions (type VI lesions). Most of them have had the structure of a complicated lesion with atheroma or fibro atheroma as a basis, subsequently complicated by disruption (subtype VI a), hemorrhage (subtype VI b) or thrombosis (subtype VI c), as well as by the presence of several complications on the same sample. Marked hypocellularity is present in the subendothelium of plaques. Cell population at plaque margins is characterized by immunoreactivity to α-SMA, vimentin, and S100 protein. Some of these cells accumulate lipids and look like foam cells. In the cell population at the margins of the plaques, smooth muscle cells of the synthetic phenotype are present, some of which accumulate lipids and demonstrate S100 immunoreactivity. Summarizing numerous literature data and our results, we could assume that smooth muscle cells, due to their synthetic and proliferative activity in the earlier stages of pathogenesis, as well as the consequent expression of S100 protein, could accumulate lipids in the earlier stages of atherosclerosis which, in advanced stages analyzed in this study, result in immunoreactivity of foam cells of smooth muscle origin to S100 protein.
The main objective of endodontic treatment is to remove vital and necrotic remnants of pulp tissue and microorganisms and their toxic products from the root canal. During chemo-mechanical endodontic ...preparation, a smear layer is formed on the wall of the canals. Due to an inability to remove all tissue remnants and the smear layer from the root canal by mechanical instrumentation, it is necessary to use irrigation to ensure sufficient cleaning and disinfection of the largest part of the root canalicular system. The most commonly used irrigants are sodium hypochlorite (Na-OCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid and chlorhexidine (CHX). Recently, the irrigants QMix and MTAD have been introduced to the market. They are a mixture of different components having antimicrobial, organolytic and mineralytic effects on canal detritus and the smear layer. This review article investigates irrigants in terms of the nature of their effect, their efficiency, optimal concentration, and method of use, and the interactions between the irrigants most commonly used in endodontic therapy are discussed, with special emphasis on QMix and MTAD.
In this study the computational and experimental electroporation model with human aorta tissue is made in order to examine the reduction of smooth muscle cells.
The segments in native state of the ...aorta are treated by electroporation method through a series of electrical impulses from 50 V/cm to 2500 V/cm. For each patient we analyzed one sample with and one sample without electroporation as a control. In the computational study, electrical field distribution is solved by the Laplace equation. The Pennes Bioheat equation without metabolism and blood perfusion heating is used to solve heat transfer problems. Different conductivity values are used in order to fit the experimental results.
Experimental histology has shown us that there are a smaller number of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) nuclei at the tunica media, while the elastic fibre morphology is maintained 24 h after electroporation. In the computational model, heat generation coupled with electrical field is included. The fitting procedure is applied for conductivity values in order to make material properties of the aorta tissue. The fitting procedure gives tissue conductivity of 0.44 S/m for applied electrical field of 2500 V/cm.
Future studies are necessary for investigation of a new device for in-vivo ablation with electroporation of plaque stenosis. It will open up a new avenue for stenosis treatment without stent implantation.
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