The survey and monitoring system of natural resources is the basis for finding out and monitoring the background data in the new era. The classification standard is an important cornerstone in the ...survey and monitoring system. The classification standard appears in the whole process of natural resources, such as survey, monitoring, evaluation, planning and control etc. Classification results are widely used in natural resource asset management, territorial space use controlling, ecological protection and restoration. Therefore, only a classification standard with the unified, scientific and practical characteristics is constructed, a survey and monitoring system with “six unifications” can be built. This paper refines the existing status and the main problem of existing classification standards, and then puts forward the construction ideas and three suggestions for the new classification standards, which hoping to provide a reference for local survey and monitoring pilots and national classification standard construction.
The development of novel photosensitizing agents with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties has fueled significant advances in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT). An electroporation ...method was used to prepare tumor‐exocytosed exosome/AIE luminogen (AIEgen) hybrid nanovesicles (DES) that could facilitate efficient tumor penetration. Dexamethasone was then used to normalize vascular function within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to reduce local hypoxia, thereby significantly enhancing the PDT efficacy of DES nanovesicles, and allowing them to effectively inhibit tumor growth. The hybridization of AIEgen and biological tumor‐exocytosed exosomes was achieved for the first time, and combined with PDT approaches by normalizing the intratumoral vasculature as a means of reducing local tissue hypoxia. This work highlights a new approach to the design of AIEgen‐based PDT systems and underscores the potential clinical value of AIEgens.
Hybrid AIEgen and biological tumor‐exocytosed exosome nanovesicles (DES) were combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in tumor vessel normalization therapy. DES enhance tumor tissue penetration of AIEgens significantly. Dexamethasone (DEX) was used to normalize vascular function within the tumor microenvironment, thereby reducing local hypoxia and enhancing the PDT effect of DES. Key: aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), photosensitizer (DCPy).
Complex networks considering both positive and negative links have gained considerable attention during the past several years. Community detection is one of the main challenges for complex network ...analysis. Most of the existing algorithms for community detection in a signed network aim at providing a hard-partition of the network where any node should belong to a community or not. However, they cannot detect overlapping communities where a node is allowed to belong to multiple communities. The overlapping communities widely exist in many real-world networks. In this paper, we propose a signed probabilistic mixture (SPM) model for overlapping community detection in signed networks. Compared with the existing models, the advantages of our methodology are (i) providing soft-partition solutions for signed networks; (ii) providing soft memberships of nodes. Experiments on a number of signed networks show that our SPM model: (i) can identify assortative structures or disassortative structures as the same as other state-of-the-art models; (ii) can detect overlapping communities; (iii) outperforms other state-of-the-art models at shedding light on the community detection in synthetic signed networks.
•Double cantilever nanobeam model via the gradient elasticity theory is presented.•Stress intensity factors are obtained and exhibit size effects.•Stress intensity factors are reduced if the size ...effect is considered.•Fracture toughness is enhanced for nanobeams compared to large scale beams.
Growth of crack modeled as double cantilever beam at nanoscale is studied. Using the gradient elasticity theory, the energy of nanocantilevers is calculated. The energy release rate and stress intensity factor of double cantilever nanobeams are obtained. Results indicate that the energy release rates and stress intensity factors exhibit pronounced size effects if the thickness of the nanobeam falls in the same order of the characteristic length. The fracture toughness of the nanostructures is apparently enhanced. The energy release rates and stress intensity factors have little size-dependence if the thickness of the nanobeam is greater much than the characteristic length.
CuO hollow microspheres had been batch synthesized by a facile route of precipitating and annealing at 270 °C, which was derived from CuSO
4
·5H
2
O, Na
2
CO
3
and CTAB. The morphology and structure ...of synthesized CuO powder were characterized by XRD, SEM, UV–Vis and BET. The formation mechanism of CuO hollow microspheres had been proposed based on the characterized structure and morphology. Firstly, the tiny Cu
2
(OH)
2
CO
3
crystal strips are formed from CuSO
4
and Na
2
CO
3
aqueous solutions. Secondly, the tiny Cu
2
(OH)
2
CO
3
crystal strips are assembled perpendicularly to the spherical CTA
+
micelles surface due to the template of CTAB. Finally, the CuO hollow microspheres have been obtained due to the decomposition of Cu
2
(OH)
2
CO
3
and burning of CTAB after annealing at 270 °C. High gas sensitivity to ethanol was achieved for the CuO hollow microspheres. The response of CuO hollow microspheres sensor is 5.6 to ethanol with the concentration of 400 ppm at 250 °C, and the responses/recover time is 17.0/11.9 s. Therefore, it indicates that the facile and batch route is a promising method to synthesize CuO hollow microspheres with excellent gas sensing properties.
Due to their relatively low but potentially promising conversion efficiency, great efforts have been made in exploration of new thermoelectric materials, where ultralow thermal conductivity is ...usually desired without scarifying the power factor (PF). Cu-based quaternary chalcogenides, such as Cu2ZnSnSe4 and its analogs, have long been considered potential candidates for thermoelectric applications, while Ag-based counterparts with potentially ultralow thermal conductivity have rarely been studied. In this work, we report the thermoelectric properties of the Ag-based compound Ag2BaGeSe4. A series of polycrystalline Ag2+xBa1−xGeSe4 samples with x = 0–0.1 were synthesized via the vacuum melting method, and indeed, an ultralow thermal conductivity of as low as ∼0.35 W m−1 K−1 was achieved. It is found that Ag doping does benefit from the enhancement of carrier density, but this enhancement may be partially offset by the serious hole-killer effect at low (room) temperature, as revealed in the literature. However, the moderately enhanced electrical conductivity at high temperature contributes to a PF of ∼1.9 μW cm−1 K−2 and a figure of merit (ZT) value of up to ∼0.33 at 673 K for sample x = 0.075. The first-principles calculation indicates the preference of low-lying optical modes and avoided crossing effects, together with the high Grüneisen parameter and short relaxation time, all contributing to the ultralow thermal conductivity of this series.
This study aims to assess the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to determine the association of traditional and biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) with risk for ...CVD in Chinese rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. A cross-sectional cohort of 2013 RA patients from 21 hospitals around China was established. Medical history of CVD was documented. The patients’ social background, clinical manifestations, comorbidities, and medications were also collected. Of the 2013 patients, 256 had CVD with an incidence of 12.7%. Compared with non-CVD controls, RA patients with CVD had a significantly advanced age, long-standing median disease duration, more often male and more deformity joints. Patients with CVD also had higher rates of smoking, rheumatoid nodules, interstitial lung disease, and anemia. The prevalence of comorbidities, including hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, was also significant higher in the CVD group. In contrast, patients treated with methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and TNF blockers had lower incidence of CVD. The multivariate analysis showed that the use of HCQ was a protective factor of CVD, while hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and interstitial lung disease were independent risk factors of CVD. Our study shows that the independent risk factors of CVD include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and interstitial lung disease. HCQ reduces the risk of CVD in patients with RA.
Transverse vibration of the shear beams containing rotary inertia and with a two-parameter elastic foundation is studied. Using asymptotic analysis of Timoshenko beam theory, we derive explicit ...characteristic equations of the nonclassical shear beams with Winkler-Pasternak elastic restraint and with both ends linked to translational and rotational springs. The condition of the nonclassical shear beams reducing to the classical ones is found. Natural frequencies of the nonclassical modes are evaluated for free- and pinned-elastically restrained shear beams with or without bracing. The influences of elastic restraint stiffness and rotary inertia on the natural frequencies are discussed. Some extreme cases can be recovered from the present. The obtained results are helpful in the design of a tall frame building.
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