The geometrical structures and photophysical properties of Ir(4,6-dFppy)₂(pic) (FIrpic) and its derivative (
-FIr,
-FIr,
-FIr) with dimethylamine substituted at the picolinic acid (N
O) ligand were ...fully investigated by density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. The simulated electronic structure, as well as absorption and emission spectra of FIrpic are in good agreement with the experimental observations. The introduction of dimethylamine at the N
O ligand at different positions is beneficial to extend the π-electron delocalization, increase HOMO energy levels, and hence improve the hole injection and transfer ability compared with those of FIrpic. Furthermore,
-FIr,
-FIr, and
-FIr have large absorption intensity and participation of metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) contribution in the main absorption spectra, which would be useful to improve the intersystem crossing (ISC) from the singlet to triplet excited state. More importantly, the high quantum yield of
-FIr (which is explained based on the detailed analysis of triplet energy, E
), participation of ³MLCT contribution in the phosphorescent spectra, and energy difference between ³MLCT and triplet metal centered (³MC) d-d excited state compared with
-FIr and
-FIr indicate that
-FIr is expected to be an excellent blue phosphorescence emitter with high efficiency.
Macaranga tanarius (L.) Muell. Arg. is a tree species within Euphorbiaceae, which can be used for building timber and its extract can be used to treat diabetes. In this report, we describe the ...complete plastome sequence of Macaranga tanarius. The complete plastome of Macaranga tanarius (L.) Muell. Arg. is of 165,362 bp in length, and it is with typical plastome structure and gene content of angiosperm plastome, including two reverse repeat regions (IRs) of 27,503 bp, large single copy region (LSC) of 91,443 bp, and small single copy (SSC) region of 18,913 bp. The plastome contains 131 genes, including 85 protein coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes (i.e., 5S rRNA, 4.5S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and 23S rRNA). The total G/C content of Macaranga tanarius (L.) Muell. Arg.plastome is 35.6%. The complete plastome sequence is conducive to the development and utilization of Euphorbiaceae resources and the phylogenetic study.
Aged cells have declined regenerative ability when subjected to environmental insult. Here we elucidate the mechanism by which mechanical stimulus induces hair regeneration at the microenvironmental ...regulation level using the hair plucking and organoid culture models. We observed that the skin cells harvested from post-plucking day 3 (PPD3) have the best self-organizing ability during skin organoid culture and have the highest hair regeneration upon transplantation. By bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-cell RNA-seq analysis and in situ hybridization, we identified that the chemokine signaling pathway genes including CCL2 are significantly increased in the skin at PPD3 and in skin organoid cultures. Immunostaining shows that the PPD3 skin epithelial cells have increased multipotency, which is verified by the ability to self-organize to form epidermal aggregates during organoid culture. By adding CCL2 recombinant protein to the organoid culture using an environmental reprogramming protocol, we observed the PPD0 adult skin cells, which lose their regenerative ability can self-organize in organoid culture and regenerate hair follicles robustly upon transplantation. Our study demonstrates that CCL2 functions in immune regulation of hair regeneration under mechanical stimulus, and enhances cell multipotency during organoid culture. This provides a therapeutic potential for future clinical application.
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Wu et al. elucidate the mechanism by which mechanical stimulus induces hair regeneration at the microenvironmental regulation level using the hair plucking and organoid culture models. This work provides a therapeutic potential for future clinical application through mechanical and immune regulation.
As gene delivery tools, lentiviral vectors (LV) have broad applications in chimeric antigen receptor therapy (CAR-T). Large-scale production of functional LV is limited by the adherent, ...serum-dependent nature of HEK293T cells used in the manufacturing. HEK293T adherent cells were adapted to suspension cells in a serum-free medium to establish large-scale processes for functional LV production in a stirred bioreactor without micro-carriers. The results showed that 293 T suspension was successfully cultivated in F media (293 CD05 medium and SMM293-TII with 1:1 volume ratio), and the cells retained the capacity for LV production. After cultivation in a 5.5 L bioreactor for 4 days, the cells produced 1.5 ± 0.3 × 10
7
TU/mL raw LV, and the lentiviral transduction efficiency was 48.6 ± 2.8% in T Cells. The yield of LV equaled to the previous shake flask. The critical process steps were completed to enable a large-scale LV production process. Besides, a cryopreservation solution was developed to reduce protein involvement, avoid cell grafting and reduce process cost. The process is cost-effective and easy to scale up production, which is expected to be highly competitive.
Volatile oils are important active components in traditional Chinese medicine, but their components are complicated and unstable. It is common to use cyclodextrin inclusion technique to improve the ...stability of volatile oils and make them easier to be prepared. At present, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is the most common inclusion material. The evaluation indicators for inclusion technique usually contain the inclusion rate and the oil content in the inclusion compound. However, the articles about the study on selecting inclusion materials for volatile oils were few. In this paper, menthol, the main active ingredient of mint volatile oil, was used as model drug, while β-CD and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) were used as the inclusion materials. Inclusion equilibrium constant (K), solubilization ratio were investigated, and the results were combined with IR, DSC and TG to verify the formation of inclusion complexes. It turned out that in the range of 0-15 mmol•L⁻¹, the solubility of menthol was increased linea
The midge Changania choui Tseng, 1965 (Insecta, Diptera, Nematocera), originally described in the family Cecidomyiidae and recently transferred to the Ceratopogonidae, is recognised as an adult ...female in the Chironomidae, subfamily Orthocladiinae. The type material is missing, and the published description and illustrations are limited. Although the genus name Changania Tseng, 1965 becomes a new junior synonym of Thienemanniella Kieffer, 1911, Thienemanniella choui (Tseng 1965), new combination, should be treated as a nomen dubium.
Settling particulate matter (SPM) samples were collected monthly during a 21-month-long (April 2014 to December 2015) monitoring program from a fish cage and a large seaweed (Gracilaria ...lemaneiformis) cultivation in a typical mariculture base in eastern coast of Guangdong Province, South China. The concentrations of eight heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Co, V and Mn) showed a clear seasonality with relatively higher levels in the rainy season for most metals. In addition, five metals (Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn) showed slightly higher concentrations in the fish cage than in the large seaweed cultivation. A principal component analysis (PCA) further revealed that Ni, Cu and Zn were influenced by human activities, whereas the rest of the metals mainly by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. SPM in the two different mariculture areas had a 21% probability of toxicity based on the mean effects range-median quotient.
•Settling particulate matter (SPM) samples were collected monthly from two different mariculture types.•Heavy metals in SPM were measured.•Most metals had a clear seasonality with relatively higher levels in the rainy season.•SPM had a 21% probability of toxicity.
We provide the first nation-wide estimates of the effects of temperature on high-stakes cognitive performance in a developing country using data from the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) ...in China. The NCEE is one of the most important institutions in China and affects millions of families. We find that a one-standard-deviation increase in temperature during the exam period within counties (2 °C/3.6 °F) decreases the total test score by 0.68%, or 5.83% of a standard deviation, with effects concentrated on the highest performing students. This suggests that temperature plays an important role in high-stakes cognitive performance and has potentially far-reaching impacts for the careers and lifetime earnings of students.
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