This study examines the long-run relationship between construction materials and labour with the construction cost index. The essence is also to investigate the efficiency of the variables that ...predict the construction index in Turkey. Monthly data from January 2015 to August 2023 was obtained for four Turkish indexes on construction, building, residential and non-residential as dependent variables. In contrast, the monthly material and labour cost indexes were obtained as explanatory variables. The study employed the fully-modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) technique. The findings revealed that the material cost index determines a substantial part of the construction index, followed by the labour cost index. However, those costs are less efficiently used. Therefore, the suggestion is that the construction industry should shift from the traditional approach and consider a more efficient approach through technological innovation. This finding supports the need for the construction industries to employ appropriate technology to enhance accurate construction index prediction that could prevent waste from labour slack time and procurement of costly materials. However, the limitation of the study is the data constraint in obtaining more variables for the prediction. Still, material and labour cost indexes used for the prediction are sufficient for making the conclusion of the finding valid.
Analysis of land use and land cover change (LULCC) offers useful results for the determination and implementation of land management policies. In this study, the change in the amount of arable land ...in Tanzania and its main determinants were identified, and suggestions for agricultural land management policy were put forward. For this purpose, datasets related to spatial, biophysical, demographic, and socio-economic variables that can affect the amount of arable land were prepared and analysed with appropriate econometric models. The coefficients of the established models were estimated by the Engle-Granger method and according to the results of the forecast; the increase in amount of variables such as gross domestic product (GDP), the quantity of exported goods, annual population growth and the amount of arable land per capita cause a positive effect in the amount of total arable land compared to an increase in other land use areas such as residential settlement areas, infrastructure land areas, while the increase in the presence of forested land has a negative effect on the amount of arable land. On the other hand, the results of the Granger causality test, conducted to analyse the causality relationships among the GDP, annual population growth, residential areas and other lands and arable land have determined that there is causality of residential areas and other lands to arable land with annual population growth. According to the results of the research, the demographic and socio-economic factors have been determined to have a greater influence on the change in the amount of arable land in Tanzania. In this context, it is possible to contribute to the sustainability of land resources by developing non-agricultural activities and opportunities by reducing population pressure on the land, as well as developing efforts towards land ownership and tenure systems in rural areas and urban fringe premises.
•Cause and Effects relationship of land and natural resources in Tanzania.•Factors affecting the arable and agricultural land use in aspects of social, economic, and spatial factors.•Econometric models analysis of the cause and effect relationship on factors affecting arable land in Tanzania.•The need for creation of proper policies and mechanisms for sustainable land resource management and administration among land-based sector in Tanzania.
In this study, the possible effects and impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on real estate development and management processes were examined by making an evaluation and an insight on administrative and ...media records. Crises and global effects of pandemics were described as an unforeseen event which have negatively affect project development in the real estate sector, sales operations of existing real estate, costs estimates, values and rates of return of existing real estate sector in general. The inception of new policy and precaution measures, especially travel bans and restrictions on domestic and foreign tourists impacts the tourism sector and causes its revenue to decrease, the narrowing of the volume of transactions in real estate such as retail facilities, office and residence transactions, increased vacancy rate in hotels, the additional measures taken due to the pandemic causes the significant increase in operating costs, decrease of rent collection creates losses due to declining in demand, net operating income and investment value also tends to decline. Change in business orientations, working and living conditions necessitates a review of planning, project development, marketing strategies, use and management processes of settlements. This study has It is observed that Turkish the government wants to revive the real estate markets only with the increase of sales of existing residences and businesses and tourism-oriented measures (such as a hygiene certificate), but it is clear that the measures taken for radical change in the long run are still inadequate. It should be emphasized that there is not yet enough work done to estimate how long the impact will continue and what is its financial burden will be in the years after March 2020, when the first case of the outbreak has been reported.
This research delves into the urgent issue of farmland fragmentation in Türkiye, highlighting the necessity for farmland consolidation and the crucial role of legal regulation in preventing farmland ...fragmentation. Despite official data revealing an average farmland size of 7.0 parcels per household in 2016, small-scale farms persist. This issue, a significant obstacle for the agricultural sector, requires immediate attention. Given the uneven land distribution, the study employed mixed methods using primary and secondary data, revealing the need to increase the average farm size. The findings underscore the urgent nature of land fragmentation, exacerbated by population growth and lack of motivation in agricultural employment opportunities. Addressing these issues is not straightforward, as they involve legal complexities. However, the research proposes that land consolidation projects and regulations authorising land transfers based on farm size, revenue, and economic integrity could significantly alleviate arable land fragmentation due to inheritance and sales. The study also highlights the potential positive impact of these new regulations on land tenure, land management, local land markets and land resources sustainability. These findings are pivotal for comprehending the current state of land fragmentation and its implications for the agricultural sector in Türkiye.
•Farmland fragmentation challenges are elaborated and factors that contributed to fragmentation were identified.•A mixed-method approach reveals the influence of inheritance on farmland fragmentation.•Support legal regulations that prevent farmland fragmentation.•Land assets transfer and inheritance practices increase Türkiye’s farmland fragmentation.•Collaborative measures of technical and legal experts in addressing Turkey’s farmland fragmentation challenges.
In this study, the Istanbul Province was monitored using Landsat 5 TM, MSS, Landsat 7 ETM+, and Landsat 8 OLI imagery from the years 1986, 2000, 2009, 2011, 2013, and 2015 in order to assess land ...cover changes in the province. The aim of the study was to classify manmade structures, land, green, and water areas, and to observe the changes in the province using satellite images. After classification, the images were compared in selected years to observe land cover. Moreover, these changes were correlated with the property tax values of Istanbul by years. The findings of the study showed that manmade structure areas increased while vegetation areas decreased due to rapid population growth, urbanization, and industrial and commercial development in Istanbul. These changes also explain the transformation of land from rural and natural areas to residential use, and serve as a tool with which to assess land value increments. Land value capturing is critical for the analysis of the linkages between the changes in land cover, and for assessing land transformation and urban growth. Due to inadequate market data, real estate tax values were used to analyze the linkages between detection changes, land cover, and taxation. In fact, the declared tax values of land owners are generally lower than the actual market values and therefore it is not possible to transfer the value increasing of land in urban areas by using property taxation from the owner to local and central governments. The research results also show that the integration of remote sensing results with real estate market data give us to determine the tax base values of real estate more realistically.
•Change detection of Istanbul was observed using varied temporal resolution Landsat data.•4 classes (manmade structure, green, water, and land) of Landsat images were created.•Land use/cover and property taxation of Istanbul in specific years are related.•Manmade structures of Istanbul increased nearly by 13 percent in the last 3 decades.
Purpose
This study aims to gain a qualitative understanding of the residents’ perspective on the complexities of built environment management in Turkey. In addition, facility management (FM) is a ...newly emerging field in Turkey and therefore the paper contributes to the existing knowledge base on the global status of the field.
Design/methodology/approach
In-person surveys with the residents in the North Ankara and Dikmen Valley urban transformation projects were evaluated. The data have been collected from 660 residents through surveys using the random sampling method. Chi-square tests were used to examine the frequency and percentage distributions of the data, as well as the relationship between categorical variables. If the expected values in the chi-square analysis were low/insufficient, the Monte Carlo simulation method was used. A value of 0.05 was used as the level of significance, and it was stated that there was a significant relationship/dependency in the case of p < 0.05, and that there was no significant relationship/dependency in the case of p > 0.05.
Findings
The research identified that there was a prevailing opinion that professional FM services would likely increase the overall cost of maintenance, but satisfaction was lower in areas where management was carried out by a resident management group. It has been observed that there is a significant dependency between the regions with the answers given to the statements “Management by professional management companies causes an increase in costs” and “Management by the homeowners is more advantageous than working with professional management companies.”
Originality/value
The concept of “gecekondu” is unique to Turkey and the operation, maintenance and quality expectations of gecekondu owners and those of the more affluent residents can be significantly different. This fascinating process of illegal housing-to-urban transformation and the current need for many more urban transformation projects in the country distinguished the Turkish urban transformation approach from other countries. In addition, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no other study in Turkey regarding the FM of urban transformation areas with data of this size.
This paper aims to examine the influence of the Ukraine invasion by Russia on Turkish markets, namely the Istanbul stock market index, Turkish real estate market index, Turkish gold market and ...Turkish foreign exchange market. This study used daily frequency data between February 24 and June 14, 2022. The variables used are BIST100, Turkey real estate index (XGMYO), Turkish gold commodity (XAU/TRY), Turkish foreign currency such as EURO/TRY, GBP/TRY, USD/TRY, TRY/UAH, TRY/RUB, and macro-economic variable RFR/TRY. The study employed Johansen cointegration, Impulse Response Functions and Markov-regime switching for the analysis. The findings established a long-run co-integration relationship among the Turkish markets. The finding also indicated that the shock from the Ukraine invasion by Russia has a positive effect on developed foreign currencies and a negative effect on currencies from emerging countries such as Turkey. The finding revealed that BIST100, XGMYO, and XAU/TRY shifted to regime 2 during the Ukraine invasion by Russia. The lack of need for more commodities such as wheat, gas and oil from the Turkish market prevented focusing on them, which may attract global attention. Despite this, the significance of this finding remains relevant in Turkey. Therefore, future research may focus on other markets with sufficient trading data for wheat and gas in Russia or Ukraine and any other countries of their study. This study established that Ukraine's invasion by Russia has a worldwide impact on the global markets. The effect is felt globally as a consequence, has been experienced across different developed and emerging markets due to the large market share of Russia on essential commodities such as gas and oil. Turkish foreign exchange markets experienced more storms during the Ukraine invasion by Russia even more than it was during the COVID-19 pandemic.
•Russia-Ukraine invasion impacts positive and negative effects on developed and emerging currencies.•Russia-Ukraine invasion has a worldwide impact on the global markets.•Russia-Ukraine invasion on Turkish exchange markets severe than the COVID-19 pandemic.
Purpose
The facility management (FM) sector, which is developing rapidly, is making slower progress in Turkey compared to Europe and the USA. This paper aims to research the underlying issues leading ...to FM practices and offer insights into the implications of FM-related policies, especially for large urban transformation projects.
Design/methodology/approach
The study used a mixed-methods research design and collected qualitative data through semi-structured interviews with building/site managers and quantitative data through structured surveys with residents. Forty-nine building/site managers and 660 residents participated in the interview and survey from Turkey’s North Ankara and Dikmen Valley urban transformation projects.
Findings
The FM by residents, performed by the managers selected among homeowners, was preferred to the professional FM in Turkey. Education level, age, homeownership and duration of living in the region were associated with selecting FM practices. Cost also had an important place among the selection criteria, and the standard view from the residents was that professional FM would cause a cost increase. However, interviews with building/site managers in North Ankara and Dikmen Valley Urban Transformation areas revealed that a significant part of the problem resulted from insufficient knowledge and experience in FM.
Research limitations/implications
Within the scope of the research, two urban transformation projects in Ankara Province were selected, and the survey was limited to the North Ankara Entrance Urban Transformation Project and Dikmen Valley Urban Transformation Project areas. Although there is a need to improve the understanding of FM in all facilities, built environments and collective buildings, collective buildings in urban transformation areas due to several constraints, those other identified areas are postponed for future study. In addition, collective buildings located in transformation areas differ from others in discussing the social dimension and the impact of management.
Social implications
Within the scope of the research, two urban transformation projects in Ankara Province were selected, and the survey was limited to the North Ankara Entrance Urban Transformation Project and Dikmen Valley Urban Transformation Project areas. Although there is a need to improve the understanding of FM in all facilities, due to several constraints built environments and collective buildings in urban transformation areas, are postponed for future study. In addition, collective buildings located in transformation areas differ from others in discussing the social dimension and the impact of management.
Originality/value
This study evaluates two different FM approaches: FM by residents and professional FM, implemented in Turkey and identifies the criteria for choosing the FM practice. In addition, both building/site managers and residents evaluate different perspectives on FM. This study is unique because it compares different FM practices in Turkey and the criteria for residents to prefer different FM practices.
Purpose
Facility management (FM) is picking up steam in Turkey. However, delays in creating standards and adopting FM as a profession by corporate and public institutions led to an unusual ...predicament, unlike in Europe and the USA. The purpose of this study is to take an inductive and constructivist approach to explore the extent of maturity in the FM industry within Turkey.
Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative understanding of the complexity of the Turkish FM sector drives the design used in the study. All data has been collected through an in-depth interview and semi-structured questionnaire with FM stakeholders.
Findings
The findings revealed the perceptions of stakeholders working in various businesses and research institutions in Turkey, including FM organizations, supply markets and educational institutions, regarding the key challenges and opportunities in the business environment.
Practical implications
The trend on Turkish FM revealed a slow growth in FM professionalization, which needs the authority’s attention as the professionalization reduces the unemployment rate, reduces cost and enhances the life cycle of the physical property.
Originality/value
This is the first study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, on Turkish FM that provides comprehensive studies on Turkish FM professionalization trends to draw the attention of policymakers to the need to enact policies that would improve FM professionalism.
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