Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease caused by spirochete bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The disease exhibits a notable incidence in tropical and developing countries, and in Colombia, ...environmental, economic, social, and cultural conditions favor disease transmission, directly impacting both mortality and morbidity rates. Our objective was to establish the pooled lagged effect of runoff on leptospirosis cases in Colombia. For our study, we included the top 20 Colombian municipalities with the highest number of leptospirosis cases. Monthly cases of leptospirosis, confirmed by laboratory tests and spanning from 2007 to 2022, were obtained from the National Public Health Surveillance System. Additionally, we collected monthly runoff and atmospheric and oceanic data from remote sensors. Multidimensional poverty index values for each municipality were sourced from the Terridata repository. We employed causal inference and distributed lag nonlinear models to estimate the lagged effect of runoff on leptospirosis cases. Municipality-specific estimates were combined through meta-analysis to derive a single estimate for all municipalities under study. The pooled results for the 20 municipalities suggest a lagged effect for the 0 to 2, and 0–3 months of runoff on leptospirosis when the runoff is < 120 g/m2. No effect was identified for longer lagged periods (0–1, 0 to 4, 0 to 5, and 0–6 months) or higher runoff values. Incorporation of the multidimensional poverty index into the meta-analysis of runoff contributed to the models for the lagged periods of 0–3, and 0–4 months.
•Municipalities in clusters of malaria are related to minimum multiyear rainfall.•Forest coverage is related to the possibility of a municipality belonging to a malaria cluster.•Aqueduct coverage ...reduces the chances of belonging to clusters to malaria.
This study identifies the environmental and socio-economic determinants of clusters of high malaria incidence in Colombia during the period of 2008–2019. The malaria cases were obtained from the National System of Surveillance in Public Health, with 798,897 cases reported in the 986 Colombian municipalities evaluated during the study period. Spatial autocorrelation of incidence was examined with global and local indices. Clusters were identified in the Amazon, Pacific, and Uraba-Bajo Cauca-Alto Sinú regions. The factors associated with a municipality belonging to a high-incidence cluster were identified using a logistic regression model with mixed effects and showed a positive association for the variables (forest coverage and minimum multi-year average rainfall). An inverse relationship was observed for aqueduct coverage and the odds of belonging to a cluster. A 1% increase in forest coverage was associated with a 4.2% increase in the odds of belonging to a malaria cluster. The association with minimum multi-year average rainfall was positive (OR = 1.0011; 95% CI 1.0005−1.0027). A 1% increase in aqueduct coverage was associated with a 4.3% decrease in the odds of belonging to malaria cluster. The identification of malaria cluster determinants in Colombia could help guide surveillance and disease control policies.
In dengue-endemic areas, transmission control is limited by the difficulty of achieving sufficient coverage and sustainability of interventions. To maximize the effectiveness of interventions, areas ...with higher transmission could be identified and prioritized. The aim was to identify burden clusters of Dengue virus (DENV) infection and evaluate their association with microclimatic factors in two endemic towns from southern Mexico. Information from a prospective population cohort study (2·5 years of follow-up) was used, microclimatic variables were calculated from satellite information, and a cross-sectional design was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the outcome and microclimatic variables in the five surveys. Spatial clustering was observed in specific geographic areas at different periods. Both, land surface temperature (aPR 0·945; IC95% 0·895–0·996) and soil humidity (aPR 3·018; IC95% 1·013–8·994), were independently associated with DENV burden clusters. These findings can help health authorities design focused dengue surveillance and control activities in dengue endemic areas.
El presente trabajo describe las características fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas del agua antes y después de ser sometidas a un proceso de esterilización en un autoclave a vapor con carga de ...instrumental y paquetes de vestuario quirúrgico, con el fin de establecer el potencial para el posterior sin causar ningún efecto en la validez de la carga por ciclo. Las mediciones fueron descritas por separado, antes del primer proceso de esterilización, durante la etapa de descarga y de la entrada del agua que fue utilizada para dicho proceso. Para el desarrollo del proceso, se realizaron tres tomas de muestras con agua de osmosis y 5 correspondientes al agua directamente de grifo; posterior a cada toma de muestra se tomaron en cuenta los parámetros de esterilización, resoluciones ambientales y microbiológicas. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron significancia en los diferentes puntos de toma de muestras que llevaron a concluir alteraciones en el agua de osmosis en los diferentes puntos de muestra (entrada, chaqueta y descarga) del autoclave en lo relacionado a las características fisicoquímicas del agua obtenida de los puntos analizados del autoclave. Adicionalmente se observó presencia de coliformes totales y fecales, aerobios mesófilos que indicaron que el agua no es apta para recirculación dentro del autoclave.Palabras clave: Agua, autoclave, esterilización, vapor. Abstract The present study sought to describe the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the water before and after being subjected to UN sterilization process steam autoclave load packages instrumental and surgical clothes, in order to establish its potential usefulness f back without causing any effect on the validity of the charging cycle. Were the measurements described Separately, Before the sterilization process, during the discharge stage and the entry of water that was used for this process. Development Process Three samplings were carried out with osmosis water and 5 for tap water Directly From; after each sample took into account the parameters of sterilization, Environmental Resolutions and microbiological obtained significant results in the different points of Sampling leading one Conclude Disturbances osmosis water at different points Sample (input, jacket Download and) the autoclave in relation to the physico-chemical characteristics of water obtained from the Points analyzed the autoclave, likewise presence of total and fecal coliforms was observed aerobic mesophilic bacteria which indicated that water is not suitable for recirculation within the autoclave.Keywords: Water, autoclave, sterilization steam. Resumo O presente trabalho descreve as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas da água antes e depois de ser submetido a um processo de esterilização em uma autoclave de vapor carregada com instrumentos e embalagens de vestuário cirúrgico, a fim de estabelecer o potencial para o posterior sem causar qualquer efeito sobre a validade da carga por ciclo. As medidas foram descritas separadamente, antes do primeiro processo de esterilização, durante a descarga e a fase de entrada da água que foi utilizada para o referido processo. Para o desenvolvimento do processo, foram colhidas três amostras com água de osmose e 5 correspondentes à água diretamente da torneira; Após cada amostragem, foram considerados os parâmetros de esterilização, as resoluções ambientais e microbiológicas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram diferenças significativas nos pontos de amostragem que levaram à conclusão de alterações na água de osmose nos diferentes pontos de amostra (entrada, revestimento e descarga) da autoclave em relação às características físicoquímicas da água obtida das amostras. pontos da autoclave. Além disso, observou-se a presença de coliformes totais e fecais, mesófilos aeróbicos que indicaram que a água não é adequada para a recirculação dentro da autoclave.Palavras-chave: Água, autoclave, esterilização, vapor.
En este trabajo se presenta la determinación de los perfiles quimitaxonómicos
de 11 especies de plantas melastomatáceas en fase orgánica. Las fracciones
fueron analizadas por cromatografía de gases ...acoplada a espectrometría de
masas por ionización electrónica (CG-EM/IE), puntualizando compuestos
como terpenoides, hidrocarburos saturados e insaturados, compuestos
oxigenados y esteroides de valor quimitaxonómico, con el fin de clasificar
estas especies según sus metabolitos secundarios.
This work presents the determination of the chemotaxonomic profiles of 11
species of melastomataceous plants in organic phase. The fractions were
analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry by electronic
ionization (GC-MS/EI), emphasizing substances of chemotaxonomic value, like
terpenoids, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, oxygenated substances
and steroids, in order to classify these species according to their secondary
metabolites.
In the search of new antimicrobial agents, it was chosen as study object the
Miconia coronata (melastomataceae), to which its antibacterial activity was
evaluated to him front salmonella tiphymurium ...ATCC 13311, salmonella
gallinarum, resistant Escherichia coli to amoxicillin,, sensible Escherichia coli
to amoxicilina and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by the method of
perforation of plates of agar nutritious.
Of this species the elagico acid (3), a new flavonoide kaemferol-7-O-4a,sramnosido
(1), and a isoflavone diglycoside(2) were isolated; which were
characterized by means of the techniques: spectrometry UV, GC-MS, 1H NMR,
13C NMR, COSY. Compound (1) presented good antibacterial activity with MIC
of 256 Êg/mL.
En la busqueda de agentes antimicrobianos, se escogio la planta Miconia
coronata (melastomataceae). Se evaluo la actividad antibacterial de sus
fracciones frente a Salmonella tiphymurium ATCC 13311, Salmonella
gallinarum, Escherichia coli resistente a amoxicilina, Escherichia coli sensible a
amoxicilina y Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 por el Metodo de
perforacion de placas de agar nutritivo.
De esta especie se aislaron el acido elagico (3), un nuevo flavonoide identificado
como kaemferol-7-O-4-a,s -ramnosido (1) y una isoflavona diglicosilada (3), los
cuales se caracterizaron por medio de las tecnicas: espectrofotometria UV, GCMS,
RMN_1H, RMN_13C, COSY. El compuesto (1) presento importante
actividad antibacterial con MIC de 256 Êg/mL.
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