Resumo A erva-mate possui compostos biologicamente ativos com aplicação industrial. Cafeína, rutina e ácido clorogênico presentes neste produto possuem atividade antioxidante e o último ainda é ...antimicrobiano. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a atividade biológica do extrato de erva-mate e quantificar compostos bioativos, bem como aplicar o extrato em hambúrguer de peixe para determinar seu poder conservante. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada por DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrihidrazila) e FRAP (poder de redução do ferro). Foram quantificados compostos fenólicos totais e flavonoides por espectrofotometria, e cafeína, rutina e ácido clorogênico, por cromatografia líquida de ultraeficiência. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pela concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). Testaram-se associações de extrato com o conservante sintético butil-hidroxi-anisol (BHA). Hambúrgueres de peixe foram incorporados com extrato de erva-mate e foram feitas análises de composição centesimal, oxidação lipídica e microbiológica por 28 dias. O extrato apresentou para DPPH IC50 de 7,91 µg mL-1, FRAP de 4.922,67 µmol de Fe (II) g-1, 104,54 EAG g-1 de fenólicos totais, 23,11 EQ g-1 de flavonoides e 49,6, 34,5 e 23,1 mg g-1 de ácido clorogênico, cafeína e rutina, respectivamente. O extrato mostrou CIM de 10, 5 e 10 mg mL-1 contra Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella enterica, respectivamente. A combinação de extrato com BHA reduziu a quantidade de conservante sintético para a mesma atividade antioxidante e mostrou caráter aditivo para S. aureus. Os hambúrgueres de peixe com 1% de extrato ou com BHA exibiram diferença estatística na contagem de mesófilos em relação ao controle. Assim, observou-se que o extrato de erva-mate apresentou atividade biológica e o crescimento de mesófilos foi inibido nos hambúrgueres de peixe incorporados com BHA ou 1% de extrato, de forma que os compostos fenólicos quantificados seriam os prováveis agentes conservantes.
The antioxidant and antibacterial activity and toxicity of natural products can change according to plant variety, as well as the part of the plant which is analyzed. In this study, peel, pulp and ...seed of four avocado varieties (Quintal, Fortuna, Margarida, and Hass) were analyzed for antioxidant and antibacterial properties and toxicity. There are few studies in the literature comparing these three first varieties. Antioxidant capacity was measured using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil), ABTS 2,2'-azino-bis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability Power) methods, along with the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Principal component analysis was applied for antioxidant tests. Antibacterial activity against food pathogens was assessed by the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration tests. Toxicity was evaluated against Artemia salina and also by hemolytic activity. The ethanolic extract of Quintal variety peel presented the greatest antioxidant and antibacterial activity. This same extract showed no toxicity in the preliminary tests, and shows great potential for food industry application as an additive.
O mercado de própolis brasileiro sofreu grande expansão, levando o setor de beneficiamento a buscar a melhor forma de produzir extratos com atividades biológicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi ...otimizar a extração de própolis verde pela atividade antifúngica e realizar a incorporação em um biofilme de quitosana. Os extratos foram preparados utilizando etanol, acetona, acetato de etila e isopropanol, de acordo com três planejamentos, e a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e a concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) foram determinadas contra Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis e Candida glabrata. A partir da CIM, realizou-se a análise de superfície de resposta, para encontrar as condições ótimas de extração para cada planejamento. Os extratos otimizados foram incorporados em biofilmes de quitosana que, posteriormente, foram avaliados quanto a espessura, permeação de vapor de água, solubilidade em água e atividade anti-Candida. Verificou-se que todos os extratos testados apresentaram atividade antifúngica contra as três espécies de Candida. Destacou-se o extrato obtido com acetona/etanol que apresentou os menores valores de CIM e CFM (0,76 - 2,50 mg/mL). Observou-se que os pontos ótimos de extração de cada planejamento foram as misturas de: acetona/isopropanol, acetona/etanol e acetato de etila/isopropanol e os biofilmes incorporados com estes extratos mostraram poucas diferenças de espessura, permeabilidade de vapor e solubilidade em água em relação ao controle. O biofilme contendo extrato obtido por acetona/isopropanol foi o que demonstrou maior atividade anti-Candida. Estes resultados mostram a importância da otimização dos processos de extração de própolis para aplicação e desenvolvimento de produtos.
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•Candeia supercritical CO2 oil extraction with ethanol and ethyl acetate cosolvents.•Yield with CO2+5% ethanol was 52% greater than the extraction with pure CO2.•Addition of ...cosolvents increased the α-bisabolol yield.•Isolation of α-bisabolol by oil fractionation using column chromatography.•Candeia oil exhibited strong inhibition of the S. aureus species growth.
This study evaluated the candeia wood (Eremanthus erythropappus) oil extraction using supercritical extraction with CO2 and the addition of ethanol and ethyl acetate as cosolvents (1, 3 and 5% v/v). The experiments were performed at 70°C and 24MPa, with a mixture volumetric flow of 2mLmin−1. The cosolvents increased the yield of extraction, obtaining up to 2.35wt% with the addition of 5% ethanol, approximately 52% larger than the extraction with CO2. The extraction kinetic curves were satisfactorily represented by the Sovová mathematical model. In the extraction with 5% ethanol, it was possible to obtain the highest yield of α-bisabolol, 16.53gkg−1, an amount 41% higher than the extraction without cosolvent. The addition of ethanol and ethyl acetate to CO2 increased the amount of total phenolic content in the oil, and consequently, its antioxidant capacity. The oil fractionation by column chromatography was efficient for α-bisabolol isolation.
Purpose
Ointments and creams used in burn treatments have limitations that compromise their effectiveness since they dry on the skin, their removal/replacement is traumatic and the half-life of the ...active ingredient is short requiring more applications during treatment. In this context, the objective was to develop a biofilm with potential biotherapeutics for differential treatment of burns.
Methods
The methodology involved prospecting, method development, and synthesis of biofilm with biotherapeutic potential, its characterization and also assessment of its pharmacological and microbiological properties.
Results
The resulting biofilm with potential biotherapeutic showed a water solubility of 37.82%, moisture vapour permeability of 1.887 g (10 cm
2
24 h)
−1
, water vapour permeability of 0.743 g (10 cm
2
24 h)
−1
, silver amount of 9608.377 mg L
−1
, low silver release rate and microbiological inhibition capacity.
Conclusion
This new biofilm with potential biotherapeutic shows better absorption/release of the active ingredient, longer half-life, increased inhibition of microorganism proliferation, greater moisture-holding capacity and better hydration of the skin. These features facilitate dressing change without traumatizing the injured tissue. In short, the new biofilm should provide efficient and less traumatic treatment of burns.
We assessed the biological activity of a plant powder, crude extracts, and several fractions obtained from Tanacetum parthenium on Leishmania amazonensis. The medicinal plant T. parthenium is ...indicated for prevention of migraine headache crises, and several investigations have already demonstrated its anti-inflammatory activity. This study included the extraction process and bioassay-guided fractionation by the adsorption chromatography method. A progressive increase in the antileishmanial effect was observed in the course of the purification process. The plant powder (PTP) had a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC sub(50)) at 490 mu g/ml, whereas the dichloromethane fraction (DF) showed an IC sub(50) of 3.6 mu g/ml against the growth of promastigote forms after 48 h of culturing. In axenic amastigote forms, the IC sub(50) of the PTP and DF were 74.8 mu g/ml and 2.7 mu g/ml, respectively. Cytotoxicity analysis indicated that the toxic concentrations of the PTP, ethyl-acetate crude extract (ECE), and DF were much higher for J774G8 macrophages than for the protozoans. Haemolytic experiments were performed, and the ECE and DF did not cause lysis at concentrations higher than the IC sub(50) for promastigotes.
Abstract This study aimed to optimize the extraction solvents for Bordo grape (Vitis labrusca) seeds by response surface methodology regarding to the antioxidant activity (AA) and trans-resveratrol ...content. Fatty acids (FA) and AA of the oil obtained by pressing cold method were also determined. The extraction optimization was determined by the statistical simplex-centroid mixing scheme, enabling the analysis of solvents effects (water, ethanol and acetone) and their mixtures on the responses. AA was performed by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods, and by total phenolic compounds and flavonoids. FA were determined by GC and trans-resveratrol by HPLC. The extracts containing ternary fraction of solvents showed greater AA, increasing about 20 times compared to pure solvent. The composition that showed the best response ranged between 45-48% of water, 14-20% of ethanol and 35-38% of acetone for both grape seeds, with polarity ranged from 0.705 to 0.706. The oil from seeds showed high concentrations of PUFA, particularly linoleic acid. The optimized extraction method improved the use of this residue as a potential antioxidant source for food industry.
In this work, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of some essential oils (EOs) and their synergistic effects with synthetic preservatives against foodborne pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. ...Nine EOs were screened against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, and six of these were associated with methylparaben (MTP) and sodium metabisulfite (MTBS). Essential oils of cinnamon and oregano showed potential antibacterial activity. The combinations of cinnamon + MTP, coriander + MTP, and oregano + MTP, showed synergism against S. enterica ser. Typhi, E. coli, and S. aureus, respectively. Clove oils exhibited higher radical scavenging activity against DPPH. Moreover, clove leaves + MTP presented a synergistic antimicrobial interaction against E. coli and S. enterica ser. Typhi. These findings showed a reduction in the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the synthetic preservative with a low concentration of EOs, highlighting an alternative source as preservatives in embedded foods and derivatives for the food industry.
Novelty impact statement
The use of essential oils in combination with the synthetic preservative methylparaben (MTP) promoted synergistic antimicrobial effects against foodborne bacteria. The clove leaf oil showed synergism with MTP against Gram‐negative bacteria (FICI = 0.49) and high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 8.06 μg/ml), and this can be used as an alternative source for delaying the oxidative process and for the preservation of food products.
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