Lipase Inhibitors for Obesity: A Review Liu, Tian-Tian; Liu, Xiao-Tian; Chen, Qing-Xi ...
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy,
August 2020, 2020-Aug, 2020-08-00, 2020-08-01, Volume:
128
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
•The role of pancreatic lipase inhibitor in lipid metabolism is elaborated.•The existing microbial sources of high activity and high yield lipase was summarized, to provide reference for ...researchers.•Lipase inhibitors from natural products was summarize for readers’ reference.•The manuscript has summarized the research status of pancreatic lipase inhibitor on anti-obesity and provided new ideas to solve the bottleneck problem.
With the rapid increase in the population of obese individuals, obesity has become a global problem. Many kinds of chronic metabolic diseases easily caused by obesity have received increasing attention from researchers. People are also striving to find various safe and effective treatment methods as well as anti-obesity medicines. Pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitors have received substantial attention from researchers in recent years, and PL inhibitors from natural products have attracted much attention due to their structural diversity, low toxicity and wide range of sources. They have been used in the intestinal tract, blood, and the central nervous system with no side effects, and these advantages could lead to a new generation of diet pills or health care products with great development potential. This article is mainly aimed at discussing the research of obesity drug treatment with PL inhibitors and offers a brief review of related properties and the use of PL inhibitors in the field of weight loss.
Under investigation in this work is a generalized higher-order beam equation, which is an important physical model and describes the vibrations of a rod. By considering Lie symmetry analysis, and ...using the power series method, we derive the geometric vector fields, symmetry reductions, group invariant solutions and power series solutions of the equation, respectively. The convergence analysis of the power series solutions are also provided with detailed proof. Furthermore, by virtue of the multipliers, the local conservation laws of the equation are derived as well. Furthermore, an effective and direct approach is proposed to study the symmetry-preserving discretization for the equation via its potential system. Finally, the invariant difference models of the generalized beam equation are successfully constructed. Our results show that it is very useful to construct the difference models of the potential system instead of the original equation.
In the past few decades, coronaviruses have risen as a global threat to public health. Currently, the outbreak of coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) from Wuhan caused a worldwide panic. There are no ...specific antiviral therapies for COVID‐19. However, there are agents that were used during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) epidemics. We could learn from SARS and MERS. Lopinavir (LPV) is an effective agent that inhibits the protease activity of coronavirus. In this review, we discuss the literature on the efficacy of LPV in vitro and in vivo, especially in patients with SARS and MERS, so that we might clarify the potential for the use of LPV in patients with COVID‐19.
Highlights
LPV is an effective agent inhibiting coronavirus in vitro and animal studies.
The treatment of LPV improved outcomes of SARS and MERS patients.
LPV may be a potential treatment option for COVID‐19.
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles that carry specific combinations of proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and lipids. Mounting evidence suggests that exosomes participate in ...intercellular communication and act as important molecular vehicles in the regulation of numerous physiological and pathological processes, including cancer development. Exosomes are released by various cell types under both normal and pathological conditions, and they can be found in multiple bodily fluids. Moreover, exosomes carrying a wide variety of important macromolecules provide a window into altered cellular or tissue states. Their presence in biological fluids renders them an attractive, minimally invasive approach for liquid biopsies with potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prediction, and surveillance. Due to their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, exosomes have potential clinical applications in the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize recent advances in various technologies for exosome isolation for cancer research. We outline the functions of exosomes in regulating tumor metastasis, drug resistance, and immune modulation in the context of cancer development. Finally, we discuss prospects and challenges for the clinical development of exosome-based liquid biopsies and therapeutics.
China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of gastric cancer. There are differences in epidemiological characteristics, clinicopathological features, tumor biological characteristics, ...treatment patterns, and drug selection between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries. Non‐Chinese guidelines cannot specifically reflect the diagnosis and treatment characteristics for the Chinese gastric cancer patients. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) arranged for a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub‐specialties of gastric cancer to compile, discuss, and revise the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer based on the findings of evidence‐based medicine in China and abroad. By referring to the opinions of industry experts, taking into account of regional differences, giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources, these experts have conducted experts’ consensus judgement on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes. This guideline uses tables and is complemented by explanatory and descriptive notes covering the diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, and follow‐up visits for gastric cancer.
We consider a (2+1)-dimensional generalized breaking soliton (gBS) equation, which describes the interaction of the Riemann wave propagated along the y-axis with a long wave propagated along the ...x-axis. By using Bell’s polynomials, we derive a bilinear form of the gBS equation. Based on the resulting Hirota’s bilinear equation, we explicitly construct its soliton solutions. Furthermore, by using the extended homoclinic test theory, its homoclinic breather waves and rogue waves are well derived, respectively. It is hoped that our results can enrich the dynamical behavior of the gBS-type equations.
Under investigation in this paper is a (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS), which is a generalisation of the NLS equation. By virtue of Wronskian determinants, an effective method ...is presented to succinctly construct the breather wave and rogue wave solutions of the equation. Furthermore, the main characteristics of the breather and rogue waves are graphically discussed. The results show that rogue waves can come from the extreme behavior of the breather waves. It is hoped that our results could be useful for enriching and explaining some related nonlinear phenomena.
Invasive alien plants (IAPs) have serious environmental and economic impacts, especially in vulnerable areas of China. However, IAP richness distribution patterns, their driving factors, and the ...dynamic shifts in potential distribution areas remain elusive. We assessed IAP richness distribution patterns and drivers using 402 IAPs recorded in China at 88 926 occurrence points, and then predicted their potential distribution areas. The results show that IAP hotspots were mainly located in southeastern China, especially coastal areas of the South and East and large inland cities. Population density, gross domestic product (GDP), and four climate variables associated with precipitation and temperature jointly influenced the richness distribution pattern of all IAPs. Specifically, population density and GDP impacted the richness distribution pattern of narrow‐range IAPs, and population density, GDP, distance to the nearest national highway, and five climate variables affected the richness distribution pattern of widespread IAPs. Only GDP contributed significantly to the richness distribution pattern of the top 5% hotspot grid cells, whereas population density, GDP, and precipitation in the driest month (BIO14) significantly influenced the richness distribution patterns of hotspots for both the top 10% and top 20%. Prediction analysis demonstrated that southeastern China would have particularly high invasion risk under both current and future climate scenarios. Regions with increases in predicted species richness are more common (44.83–64.97%) than those with decreases, except under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. Climate change will contribute greatly to the expansion of potential IAP distribution areas under both optimistic (RCP 2.5) and pessimistic scenarios (RCP 8.5). The results of this study provide insights into the priority management of IAPs by developing promising strategies for the control and prevention of IAP invasion.
The dramatic increase in obesity is putting people under increasing pressure. Lipase inhibitors, as a kind of effective anti-obesity drug, have attracted more and more researchers' attention in ...recent years because of their advantages of acting on the intestinal tract and having no side effects on the central nervous system. In this study, lipase inhibitor Fu Brick Theophylline (FBT) was screened based on enzyme molecular dynamics, and the inhibition mechanism of lipase inhibitors on obesity was analyzed and discussed at the cellular level and animal model level. We found that FBT had high inhibition effects of lipase with an
of 1.02~0.03 μg/mL. Firstly, the laboratory used 3T3-L1 proadipocytes as models, flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of FBT on the cycle, apoptosis and intracellular ROS activity of proadipocytes. To study the contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, related metabolites and related gene and protein expression in adipocytes. The results showed that FBT could reduce ROS production and inflammatory factor mRNA expression during cell differentiation. Secondly, by establishing the animal model of high-fat feed ob nutritional obese mice, the morphological observation and gene expression analysis of body weight, fat rate, adipocyte and hepatocyte metabolism of FBT obese mice were further discussed. It was proven that FBT can effectively reduce the degree of fatty liver, prevent liver fibrosis and fat accumulation, and improve the damage of mitochondrial membrane structure. This study provides a theoretical basis for the screening and clinical treatment of lipase inhibitors.
The exploring of catalysts with high‐efficiency and low‐cost for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the key issues for many renewable energy systems ...including fuel cells, metal–air batteries, and water splitting. Despite several decades pursuing, bifunctional oxygen catalysts with high catalytic performance at low‐cost, especially the one that could be easily scaled up for mass production are still missing and highly desired. Herein, a hybrid catalyst with NiCo alloy nanoparticles decorated on N‐doped carbon nanofibers is synthesized by a facile electrospinning method and postcalcination treatment. The hybrid catalyst NiCo@N‐C 2 exhibits outstanding ORR and OER catalytic performances, which is even surprisingly superior to the commercial Pt/C and RuO2 catalysts, respectively. The synergetic effects between alloy nanoparticles and the N‐doped carbon fiber are considered as the main contributions for the excellent catalytic activities, which include decreasing the intrinsic and charge transfer resistances, increasing CC, graphitic‐N/pyridinic‐N contents in the hybrid catalyst. This work opens up a new way to fabricate high‐efficient, low‐cost oxygen catalysts with high production.
NiCo alloy nanoparticles decorated on N‐doped carbon nanofibers as a highly active and durable oxygen electrocatalyst at low‐cost are synthesized and reported. The hybrid catalyst with suitable amount of NiCo alloy nanoparticles loading (NiCo@N‐C 2) gives the most outstanding oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalytic performances, which is even surprisingly superior to the commercial Pt/C and RuO2 catalysts, respectively.
PDF
