Patients who had any of the following features at the time of, or after, admission were classified as severe cases: (1) respiratory distress (≥30 breaths per min); (2) oxygen saturation at rest ≤93%; ...(3) ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fractional concentration of oxygen inspired air ≤300 mm Hg; or (4) severe disease complications (eg, respiratory failure, requirement of mechanical ventilation, septic shock, or non-respiratory organ failure). Parameters did not differ significantly between the groups, except that patients in the severe group were significantly older than those in the mild group, as expected.4 No patient died from the infection. 23 (77%) of 30 severe cases received intensive care unit (ICU) treatment, whereas none of the mild cases required ICU treatment. All samples were collected according to WHO guidelines.5 The mean viral load of severe cases was around 60 times higher than that of mild cases, suggesting that higher viral loads might be associated with severe clinical outcomes.
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with chromosome 17 abnormalities have a worse prognosis than those without such alterations. In this phase 2 study, patients who received continuous ...ibrutinib had a durable response that continued after 6.5 years in some patients.
Pansharpening aims to fuse a multispectral (MS) image with low spatial resolution and a panchromatic (PAN) image with a high-spatial resolution to produce an image with both high spectral and high ...spatial resolution. In this study, we propose a variational pansharpening method by exploiting cartoon-texture similarities. After decomposition of the PAN image, the cartoon component always contains the global structure information, while the texture component includes the locally patterned information. This enables that the fused high-spatial resolution MS image can preserve the global and local spatial details (e.g., high-order information) well after leveraging the similarities of cartoon and texture components from PAN and MS images. To explore such cartoon-texture similarities, we describe cartoon similarity as gradient sparsity, formulated as a reweighted total variation term. Meanwhile, we use group low-rank constraint for texture similarity that is presented as repetitive texture patterns. By incorporating a data fidelity term for preserving the spectral information on the basis that the down-sampled fused MS image is consistent with the MS image, we further formulate pansharpening as an optimization problem and solve it efficiently using the alternative direction multiplier method. Extensive experiments have been conducted on a series of satellite data sets, and we also carry out a simulated vegetation coverage change experiment to verify the efficiency of the proposed method in remote sensing. The qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art pansharpening methods in terms of both visual effect and objective metrics.
In this work, surfactant-free atomically ultrathin Rh nanosheet nanoassemblies (Rh NNs) are synthesized and used for the first time as an effective electrocatalyst in the nitrogen reduction reaction ...(NRR) at ambient temperature and pressure. The inorganic polymer RhCl
3
–K
3
Co(CN)
6
cyanogel plays an important role in the generation of ultrathin Rh nanosheets with a clean surface. Due to their unique ultrathin two-dimensional nanosheet structure (
ca.
1 nm) with a high specific surface area and modified electronic structure, the surfactant-free Rh NNs demonstrate an excellent catalytic activity for the NRR with a high production yield (NH
3
: 23.88 μg h
−1
mg
cat
−1
) and favorable selectivity (no N
2
H
4
generation) at low potential (−0.2 V
vs.
RHE), outperforming most of the current electrocatalysts reported for the NRR. Except the contribution to the efficient NRR electrocatalysis, this synthesis strategy would provide some new insights into the preparation of ultrathin precious metal nanosheets for energy related applications.
Due to the different complementarity and compatibility of various components in the wind‐solar storage combined power generation system, its energy storage complementary control is very important. In ...order to ensure the stable operation of the system, an energy storage complementary control method for wind‐solar storage combined power generation system under opportunity constraints is proposed. The wind power output value is obtained. Aiming at the maximum similarity between the total output of wind power storage and the planned output curve, combined with the opportunity constraints and the output and electric quantity constraints of energy storage devices, the energy storage complementary control model is established, and the model is solved by improving the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm. The experimental results show that the total output of the wind‐solar storage combined power generation system is consistent with the expected output, and the utilization rate of wind‐solar resources is effectively improved. It has good convergence performance, and can better meet the needs of actual power work.
Under the condition of opportunity constraint, the energy storage complementary control of the wind solar storage combined power generation system is studied. By establishing the energy storage complementary control model, the improved adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimal value of the model, so as to achieve the stable operation of the wind solar storage combined power generation system under the conditions of opportunity constraint, energy storage device output and power constraints
Immunoglobulin has been widely used in a variety of diseases, including primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases, neuromuscular diseases, and Kawasaki disease. Although a large number of ...clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various adverse effects have been reported. The majority of these events, such as flushing, headache, malaise, fever, chills, fatigue and lethargy, are transient and mild. However, some rare side effects, including renal impairment, thrombosis, arrhythmia, aseptic meningitis, hemolytic anemia, and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), are serious. These adverse effects are associated with specific immunoglobulin preparations and individual differences. Performing an early assessment of risk factors, infusing at a slow rate, premedicating, and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. Adverse effects are rarely disabling or fatal, treatment mainly involves supportive measures, and the majority of affected patients have a good prognosis.
Acne vulgaris is a cutaneous chronic inflammatory disorder with complex pathogenesis. Four factors play vital roles in acne pathophysiology: hyperseborrhea and dysseborrhea, altered keratinization of ...the pilosebaceous duct,
Cutibacterium acnes
(
C. acnes
) and inflammation. The main hormones responsible for the development of acne vulgaris include androgens, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1. Other factors involved in this process are corticotropin-releasing hormone, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and substance P. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway and nuclear factor kappa B pathway participate in the modulation of sebocyte, keratinocyte and inflammatory cell (e.g. lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils) activity. Among all the triggers and pathways mentioned above, IGF-1-induced PI3K/Akt/Forkhead box protein O1/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) C1 pathway is the most important signaling responsible for acne pathogenesis. Commonly used anti-acne agents include retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics and hormonal agents (e.g. spironolactone, combination oral contraceptive and flutamide). New approaches including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ modifier, melanocortin receptor antagonists, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, metformin, olumacostat glasaretil, stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitor omiganan pentahydrochloride, K
D
PT, afamelanotide, apremilast and biologics have been developed as promising treatments for acne vulgaris. Although these anti-acne agents have various pharmacological effects against the diverse pathogenesis of acne, all of them have a synergistic mode of action, the attenuation of Akt/mTORC1 signaling and enhancement of p53 signal transduction. In addition to drug therapy, diet with no hyperglycemic carbohydrates, no milk and dairy products is also beneficial for treatment of acne.
Size-selected negatively-charged boron clusters (Bn−) have been found to be planar or quasi-planar in a wide size range. Even though cage structures emerged as the global minimum at B39−, the global ...minimum of B40− was in fact planar. Only in the neutral form did the B40 borospherene become the global minimum. How the structures of larger boron clusters evolve is of immense interest. Here we report the observation of a bilayer B48− cluster using photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. The photoelectron spectra of B48− exhibit two well-resolved features at low binding energies, which are used as electronic signatures to compare with theoretical calculations. Global minimum searches and theoretical calculations indicate that both the B48− anion and the B48 neutral possess a bilayer-type structure with D2h symmetry. The simulated spectrum of the D2h B48− agrees well with the experimental spectral features, confirming the bilayer global minimum structure. The bilayer B48−/0 clusters are found to be highly stable with strong interlayer covalent bonding, revealing a new structural type for size-selected boron clusters. The current study shows the structural diversity of boron nanoclusters and provides experimental evidence for the viability of bilayer borophenes.
Strict symmetry limits the application of the differential port (diff-port) magnetic field probing system (DMPS). Asymmetric calibration is very meaningful for DMPS. Ultrawindband asymmetric ...calibration theory was first proposed and applied to the electromagnetic field measurement system. However, the asymmetric calibration theory is not clear for the DMPS because only the magnetic field is concerned. This article proposes an ultrawideband asymmetric calibration method (UACM) for the DMPS. The output voltage and asymmetric factor of the DMPS are redefined using the UACM. Compared with the previous asymmetric calibration method, the proposed method is based on a symmetry calibrator with a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) structure. The proposed method is validated by eliminating a severe asymmetry in the DMPS, whose severe asymmetry is achieved by introducing a connector intentionally. The proposed method has been verified with a frequency of up to 20 GHz by measuring a standing wave magnetic field on an open-terminated transmission line. The key parameters of the DMPS, including unwanted field suppression, spatial resolution, and sensitivity, are also estimated.
Ammonia (NH3) is an essential chemical for agricultural production and a promising next‐generation hydrogen‐rich fuel. The electrocatalytic nitrate (NO3−) reduction reaction (NO3RR) to NH3 provides a ...sustainable and low‐energy method to replace industrial NH3 synthesis. However, the NO3− to NH3 conversion is limited by the complex eight‐electron and nine‐proton reduction processes, thus it is highly desirable to develop efficient electrocatalytic materials to overcome the kinetic barrier of NO3RR. Herein, Au nanocrystals (Au‐NCs) modified holey PtTeAu metallene (PtTeAu‐ML) heteronanostructures (Au‐NCs/PtTeAu‐MLs) are designed through phase and interface engineering, which achieve the high NH3 yield (3.499 mg h−1 mgcat−1) and Faradaic efficiency of 96.3% for NO3RR at −0.03 V versus RHE. Detailed investigations reveal that the introduction of Te atoms significantly inhibits the high activity of Pt atoms for hydrogen evolution reaction that competes with NO3RR. Density functional theory results demonstrate that Au atoms further modulate the electronic structure of Pt in PtTe‐MLs, resulting in the upward shifted d band center of Pt and in turn the optimized NO3RR process on PtTeAu‐MLs. Furthermore, Au‐NCs allows the sustainable sunlight energy to accelerate the NO3RR kinetics at PtTeAu‐MLs because of the localized surface plasmon resonance of Au, inducing a higher NH3 yield of 4.684 mg h−1 mgcat−1 under light irradiation condition.
Au nanocrystals modified holey PtTeAu metallene heteronanostructures (Au‐nanocrystals (NCs)/PtTeAu‐MLs) are designed through phase and interface engineering, achieving the high NH3 yield (3.499 mg h−1 mgcat−1) and Faradaic efficiency of 96.3% for nitrate (NO3−) reduction reaction (NO3RR) at −0.03 V. Furthermore, Au‐NCs exhibit particular localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) extinction in the visible spectral range, which enables Au‐NCs/PtTeAu‐MLs to generate plasma‐promoting activity for NO3RR.
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