GRB 221009A: The BOAT Burns, Eric; Svinkin, Dmitry; Fenimore, Edward ...
Astrophysical journal. Letters,
03/2023, Volume:
946, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Abstract GRB 221009A has been referred to as the brightest of all time (BOAT). We investigate the veracity of this statement by comparing it with a half century of prompt gamma-ray burst ...observations. This burst is the brightest ever detected by the measures of peak flux and fluence. Unexpectedly, GRB 221009A has the highest isotropic-equivalent total energy ever identified, while the peak luminosity is at the ∼99th percentile of the known distribution. We explore how such a burst can be powered and discuss potential implications for ultralong and high-redshift gamma-ray bursts. By geometric extrapolation of the total fluence and peak flux distributions, GRB 221009A appears to be a once-in-10,000-year event. Thus, it is almost certainly not the BOAT over all of cosmic history; it may be the brightest gamma-ray burst since human civilization began.
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short and intense flashes of γ-rays coming from deep space. GRBs were discovered more than a half century ago and now are observed across the whole electromagnetic ...spectrum from radio to very-high-energy gamma rays. They carry information about the powerful energy release during the final stage of stellar evolution, as well as properties of matter on the way to the observer. At present, space-based observatories detect on average approximately one GRB per day. In this review, we summarize key space and ground facilities that contribute to the GRB studies.
Sprouting angiogenesis is the common response of live tissues to physiological and pathological angiogenic stimuli. Its accurate evaluation is of utmost importance for basic research and practical ...medicine and pharmacology and requires adequate experimental models. A variety of assays for angiogenesis were developed, none of them perfect. In vitro approaches are generally less physiologically relevant due to the omission of essential components regulating the process. However, only in vitro models can be entirely non-xenogeneic. The limitations of the in vitro angiogenesis assays can be partially overcome using 3D models mimicking tissue O
and nutrient gradients, the influence of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and enabling cell-cell interactions. Here we present a review of the existing models of sprouting angiogenesis that are based on the use of endothelial cells (ECs) co-cultured with perivascular or other stromal cells. This approach provides an excellent in vitro platform for further decoding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of sprouting angiogenesis under conditions close to the in vivo conditions, as well as for preclinical drug testing and preclinical research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Display omitted
•Responses to COVID-19 have an impact on disruptive mobility innovations.•Solutions like micromobility, clean vehicles and air mobility received support.•COVID-19 pandemic has ...accelerated sustainable mobility policies.•There are positive and negative long-term effects on the governance of mobility.•Adaptive and data-driven governance required for disruptive mobility is fostered.
As the passenger transportation sector is disrupted by the emergence of myriad technological and business model innovations such as automated mobility, shared mobility and Mobility-as-a-Service, new and improved governance models are required. The COVID-19 pandemic can be seen as yet another disruption, stressing the need for a more proactive and inclusive governance. This article aims to juxtapose the need for collaborative, adaptive and outcome-based governance models in the mobility sector before and after the pandemic started. First, we analyse the governance needs and trends related to mobility innovations that were identified during two workshops with public and private actors in the mobility sector and through an extensive research of new governance models already applied in many European countries. Second, we analyse the impact of COVID-19 on mobility governance, focusing specifically on mobility innovations. Based on the analysis, we draw conclusions regarding the long-term trends in how the governance of mobility innovations will be affected by the ongoing pandemic.
According to Einstein’s special relativity theory, the speed of light in a vacuum is constant for all observers. However, quantum gravity effects could introduce its dispersion depending on the ...energy of photons. The investigation of the spectral lags between the gamma-ray burst (GRB) light curves recorded in distinct energy ranges could shed light on this phenomenon: the lags could reflect the variation of the speed of light if it is linearlydependent on the photon energy and a function of the GRB redshift. We propose a methodology to start investigating the dispersion law of light propagation in a vacuum using GRB light curves. This technique is intended to be fully exploited using the GRB data collected with THESEUS.
Data Sharing in RoPax Ports: Challenges and Opportunities Iancu, Bogdan; Morariu, Andrei-Raoul; Chen, Yiran ...
2023 33rd Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT),
2023-May-24, Volume:
33, Issue:
1
Conference Proceeding, Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Aiming to engage additional sectors of the market, numerous companies adopt data-intensive solutions for their customers. Data ecosystems have emerged across a variety of industrial sectors. By ...design, they create value exploiting data exchange among participating organizations. Establishing such an ecosystem in the maritime sector is accompanied by various impediments. However, exploiting maritime data to the fullest and optimizing the supply chains might become critical for future generations. We investigate, in this article, data sharing in the maritime domain, focusing on data ecosystems in RoPax ports. These ports accommodate maritime vessels which allow the transport of vehicles, passengers and goods. The choice of maritime domain and of RoPax ports specifically is rooted in their crucial role in global trade, transportation, and environmental sustainability. To understand data sharing in this context, we conducted an exploratory case study based on a Finnish RoPaX port. This study was based on a qualitative case-study approach for data collection and analysis. We identified the main challenges and practical implications of data sharing, along with their benefits in the context of RoPax ports. In addition, we provide a conceptual diagram for data sharing for future maritime data ecosystems.
Businesses that are based on industrial ecosystem thinking, such as biofuel businesses, face the need of establishing new business models for the industry to exist and develop. Since industrial ...ecosystems are complex, nearly decomposable systems, modularity can be used as an approach that can help manage the complexity. In the proposed modularisation approach various businesses act as modules that serve certain functions in the industrial ecosystem. The reason for this is the fact that the development of complex systems from rather stable sub-systems, such as individual businesses, has proved to be reliable and persistent. The article illustrates how the application of such a modular approach affects the business model of a business based on industrial ecosystem thinking. The business model of a biogas producer is discussed as an empirical example of how such a business model also acquires modularity.
•Pandemics like COVID-19 pose a considerable disaster management challenge for the cruising industry.•The customer acceptance of and the perceived safety countermeasures induce varies across ...countermeasures.•The countermeasures that provide the highest sense of safety are related to hygiene.•The friendliness of the personnel is a key source of security among cruise passengers.•The support for a countermeasure decreases the more related to the individual it is.
The COVID-19 pandemic devastated substantial portions of the tourism industry; the cruise industry particularly suffered from negative publicity as the virus spread rapidly on cruise ships. The pandemic is a disaster that the industry has been forced to adapt to. This study illustrates, through a mixed-methods research design, what factors cruiseferry operators considered in their responses to the pandemic, whether the implemented countermeasures increased their customers’ sense of security, and what countermeasures customers would agree to follow before boarding a ship. The study thereby provides insights into which countermeasures are likely to decrease customers’ perceived health risks and which they are ready to accept or not on cruises during pandemics.
The chromosome-centric dataset was created by applying several technologies of transcriptome profiling. The described dataset is available at NCBI repository (BioProject ID PRJNA635536). The dataset ...referred to the same type of tissue, cell lines, transcriptome sequencing technologies, and was accomplished in a period of 8 years (the first data were obtained in 2013 while the last ones — in 2020). The high-throughput sequencing technologies were employed along with the quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach, for data generation using the gene expression level assessment. qPCR was performed for a limited group of genes, encoded on human chromosome 18, for the Russian part of the Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project. The data of high-throughput sequencing are provided as Excel spreadsheets, where the data on FPKM and TMP values were evaluated for the whole transcriptome with both Illumina HiSeq and Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION sequencing.
PDF
