The indicator of hydrogen рН ions concentration is an important parameter of water environment that determines a variety of processes of chemical components migration. According to long-term regime ...study on chemical composition of underground water in zone of the active water exchange in the Perm urban area conducted by the Dynamic Geology and Hydrogeology Department of the Perm State University, the acid-alkaline conditions were outlined, reasons of their change were established, and the role of technogenic factors was estimated.
The paper presents three cohorts of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who fell ill at 50 years or older and had a disease duration of 1.5 months to 1 year. To establish its diagnosis, the ...investigators used classification criteria for each cohort of its period: 1) the 1958 American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria; 2) the 1987 ARA criteria, and 3) the 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria. Along with a change in the criteria, diagnostic methods were improved in this period. Many qualitative laboratory parameters were replaced with their quantitative equivalent; new disease markers (including anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies) emerged; imaging methods were improved; treatment policies were changed, and targeted biological agents and numerous analogs of the original drugs appeared.Conflicting opinions about the course of RA in older age groups have repeatedly been published in the literature. In the period when the 1958 classification criteria were applied, the opinion that RA has a relatively favorable course was prevalent. Later on, when a more rigid approach to diagnosing RA was applied, there were more and more specialists who considered it to be a severe disease. In this study, the authors try to answer the question of whether the course of the disease changed in the older age groups at the earliest possible date after its onset, by comparing the three cohorts of patients. The findings are discussed.
Abstract
Background
Chronic inflammation associated with the uncontrolled activation of innate and acquired immunity plays a fundamental role at all stages of atherogenesis. Monocytes are a ...heterogeneous population, and each subset contributes differently to the inflammatory process. High level of lipoprotein(a) Lp(a) is a proven atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factor. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between the increased concentration of Lp(a) and monocyte subsets in patients with different severity of coronary atherosclerosis.
Methods
150 patients (124 males (82.6%)), median age 60 (54; 65) years undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled. Lipids, Lp(a) were assessed by enzyme immunoassay. Monocyte subpopulations (classical CD14++CD16-, intermediate CD14++CD16+, non-classical CD14+CD16++) were analyzed by direct immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.
Results
The patients were divided into two groups depending on the Lp(a) concentration: normal Lp(a) <30 mg/dl (n=82) and hyperLp(a) ≥30 mg/dl (n=68). Patients of both groups were comparable in routine ASCVD risk factors (age, BMI, arterial hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, smoking, lipids). In patients with hyperLp(a) the content (absolute and relative) of non-classical CD14+CD16++ monocytes was higher (71.0 (56.6; 105.7 1000/ml vs. 62.2 (45.7; 82.4) 1000/ml and 17.7 (13.0; 23.3) % vs. 15.1 (11.4; 19.4) %, respectively, p<0.05). The association of the relative content of non-classical CD14+CD16++ monocytes with the Lp(a) concentration retained statistical significance when adjusted for gender and age (r=0.18, p=0.03). The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was correlated with the Lp(a) concentration (r=0.20, p<0.05), as well as the relative (r=−0.16, p<0.05) and absolute (r=−0.21, p<0.05) content of classical CD14++CD16- monocytes. The high content of non-classical CD14+CD16++ monocytes (OR=3.5 (95% CI 1.2–10.8), as well as intermediate CD14++CD16+ monocytes (OR=8.7 (95% CI 2.5–30.6) in patients with hyperLp(a) were associated with stenotic three-vessel coronary artery disease.
Conclusion
Here we demonstrate the correlation between the Lp(a) concentration and the blood content of non-classical monocytes, regardless of gender and age. The hyperLp(a) and decreased quantity of classical CD14++CD16- monocytes were associated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. The expansion of CD16+ monocytes (intermediate and non-classical) in the presence of hyperLp(a) significantly increased the risk of stenotic three-vessel coronary artery disease. Further studies of the differentiation and functioning of subsets of monocytes in the presence of congenital disorders of lipid metabolism, and especially hyperLp(a), are needed.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): The study was approved by Russian Ministry of Health
Seven gamma-ray bursts – GRB 130907A, GRB 140311B, GRB 140129B, GRB 160227A, GRB 120404A, GRB 110801A, and GRB 120811C were observed by the MSU MASTER (Mobile Astronomical System of TElescope Robots) ...Global Network. Full automation of the observations provided for obtaining unique data on the properties of early optical radiation accompanying gamma-ray bursts. The data are compared in the optical (MASTER), X-ray (SWIFT X-ray Telescope, XRT) and gamma (SWIFT Burst Alert Telescope, BAT) ranges. Based on the data obtained, two groups are identified, and their radiation mechanisms are revealed. The effect of gamma-ray bursts on the biosphere of the Earth is determined, and the estimates and the scale of such an effect are considered.
We summarize a study of optical, UV and X-ray light curves of the nearby changing look active galactic nucleus in the galaxy NGC 1566 obtained with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory and the MASTER ...Global Robotic Network over the period 2007-2019. We also report on optical spectroscopy using the South African Astronomical Observatory 1.9-m telescope between Aug. 2018 and Mar. 2019. A substantial increase in X-ray flux by 1.5 orders of mag- nitude was observed following the brightening in the UV and optical bands during the first half of 2018 year. After a maximum was reached at the beginning of July 2018, the fluxes in all bands decreased with some fluctuations. The most remarkable re-brightenings in of the light curve following the decline from the bright phase were observed at MJD range 58440-58494 and 58603-58654. The amplitude of the flux variability is strongest in the X-ray band and decreases with increasing wavelength. Low-resolution spectra (Aug 2018) reveal a dramatic strengthening of the broad emission as well as high-ionization FeX6374 lines. These lines were not detected so strongly in the past published spectra. The change in the type of the opti- cal spectrum was accompanied by a significant change in the X-ray spectrum. For the last optical spectra (31 Nov. 2018 – 28 Mar. 2019) we see dramatic changes compared to 2 Aug 2018, accompanied by the fading of broad emission lines and high-ionization FeX6374 line. Effectively, two changing look (CL) cases were observed for this object: changing to Sy1.2 type and then returning to the low state as Sy 1.8–Sy1.9 type. Some possible explanations of the observed dramatic changes are discussed.
Virally induced liver cancer usually evolves over long periods of time in the context of a strongly oxidative microenvironment, characterized by chronic liver inflammation and regeneration processes. ...They ultimately lead to oncogenic mutations in many cellular signaling cascades that drive cell growth and proliferation. Oxidative stress, induced by hepatitis viruses, therefore is one of the factors that drives the neoplastic transformation process in the liver. This review summarizes current knowledge on oxidative stress and oxidative stress responses induced by human hepatitis B and C viruses. It focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which these viruses activate cellular enzymes/systems that generate or scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and control cellular redox homeostasis. The impact of an altered cellular redox homeostasis on the initiation and establishment of chronic viral infection, as well as on the course and outcome of liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis will be discussed The review neither discusses reactive nitrogen species, although their metabolism is interferes with that of ROS, nor antioxidants as potential therapeutic remedies against viral infections, both subjects meriting an independent review.
Город Пермь, как любой крупный центр, оказывает сильное техногенное воздействие на окружающую среду. Рассмотрены главные источники и показатели загрязнения атмосферы, гидросферы, литосферы. Выявлено, ...что в результате проводимых природоохранных мероприятий улучшилось состояние некоторых компонентов окружающей среды, тем не менее экологическая обстановка остается напряженной.
Macrophage recognition of apoptotic cells depends on externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), which is normally maintained within the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane by aminophospholipid ...translocase (APLT). APLT is sensitive to redox modifications of its -SH groups. Because activated macrophages produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, we hypothesized that macrophages can directly participate in apoptotic cell clearance by S-nitrosylation/oxidation and inhibition of APLT causing PS externalization. Here we report that exposure of target HL-60 cells to nitrosative stress inhibited APLT, induced PS externalization, and enhanced recognition and elimination of "nitrosatively" modified cells by RAW 264.7 macrophages. Using S-nitroso-L-cysteine-ethyl ester (SNCEE) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) that cause intracellular and extracellular trans-nitrosylation of proteins, respectively, we found that SNCEE (but not GSNO) caused significant S-nitrosylation/oxidation of thiols in HL-60 cells. SNCEE also strongly inhibited APLT, activated scramblase, and caused PS externalization. However, SNCEE did not induce caspase activation or nuclear condensation/fragmentation suggesting that PS externalization was dissociated from the common apoptotic pathway. Dithiothreitol reversed SNCEE-induced S-nitrosylation, APLT inhibition, and PS externalization. SNCEE but not GSNO stimulated phagocytosis of HL-60 cells. Moreover, phagocytosis of target cells by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages was significantly suppressed by an NO. scavenger, DAF-2. Thus, macrophage-induced nitrosylation/oxidation plays an important role in cell clearance, and hence in the resolution of inflammation.
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