RNA modifications are pivotal in the development of newly synthesized structures, showcasing a vast array of alterations across various RNA classes. Among these, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5HMC) stands ...out, playing a crucial role in gene regulation and epigenetic changes, yet its detection through conventional methods proves cumbersome and costly. To address this, we propose Deep5HMC, a robust learning model leveraging machine learning algorithms and discriminative feature extraction techniques for accurate 5HMC sample identification. Our approach integrates seven feature extraction methods and various machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine. Through K-fold cross-validation, our model achieved a notable 84.07% accuracy rate, surpassing previous models by 7.59%, signifying its potential in early cancer and cardiovascular disease diagnosis. This study underscores the promise of Deep5HMC in offering insights for improved medical assessment and treatment protocols, marking a significant advancement in RNA modification analysis.
Abstract
This article explores the underlying causes and motivations surrounding non-legally binding Islamic marriages or nikah-only marriages, and their impact on dispute resolution and the process ...of obtaining a religious divorce, with a special focus on women experiencing domestic abuse. It draws on empirical data from a study of Islamic divorce in the UK. Inspired by phenomenological approaches, the research involved in-depth interviews with British-Muslim women to gain a well-grounded understanding of the problems associated with Muslim marriage, domestic abuse, and divorce from their lived experiences. Furthermore, the study involved interviews with experts associated with providing informal mediation and religious arbitration ranging from imams to Sharia council judges, as well as professionals such as solicitors and counsellors. Sharia council hearings were also observed and their procedural documents were analysed. The data collected were analysed using a thematic approach, and the emergent themes from the rich data provide a detailed insight into the research problem, firmly embedded in the lived experience of British Muslims.
Chromium (Cr), being a highly toxic metal, adversely affects the mineral uptake and metabolic processes in plants when present in excess. The current study was aimed at investigating the Cr ...accumulation in various plant tissues and its relation to the antioxidation activity and root exudation. Plants were grown in soil spiked with different concentrations of Cr for three weeks in pots and analysed for different growth, antioxidants and ion attributes. Furthermore, plants treated with different concentrations of Cr in pots were shifted to rhizobox-like system for 48h and organic acids were monitored in the mucilage dissolved from the plant root surface, mirroring rhizospheric solution. The results revealed that the Cr application at 1mM increased the shoot fresh and dry weight and root dry weight of Solanum nigrum, whereas the opposite was observed for Parthenium hysterophorus when compared with lower levels of Cr (0.5mM) or control treatment. In both plant species, Cr and Cl concentrations were increased while Ca, Mg and K concentrations in root, shoot and root exudates were decreased with increasing levels of Cr. Higher levels of Cr treatments enhanced the activities of SOD, POD and proline content in leaves of S. nigrum, whereas lower levels of Cr treatment were found to have stimulatory effects in P. hysterophorus. P. hysterophorus exhibited highest exudation of organic acid contents. With increasing levels of Cr treatments, citric acid concentration in root exudates increased by 35% and 44% in S. nigrum, whereas 20% and 76% in P. hysterophorus. Cr toxicity was responsible for the shoot growth reduction of S. nigrum and P. hysterophorus, however, shoot growth response was different at different levels of applied Cr. Consequently, Cr stress negatively altered the plant physiology and biochemistry. However, the enhanced antioxidant production, Cl uptake and root exudation are the physiological and biochemical indicators for the plant adaptations in biotic systems polluted with Cr.
•High chromium (Cr) concentrations alleviate the growth reduction of Solanum nigrum and Parthenium hysterophorus.•Cr accumulation increased in wild plants differently with increasing levels of Cr treatments.•Organic acid exudation increased in studied plants with elevated levels of Cr supplements.•Antioxidants and leaf proline contents increased with increasing levels of Cr but exhibit genotypic differences.•Increased production of organic acids and antioxidants likely to assist plant adaptation to Cr stress.
This paper explores the practices of marriage and divorce among British Muslims and draws upon empirical data from a study that employed a phenomenologically-inspired research methodology. The study ...involved in-depth interviews with British Muslim women to understand the problems associated with Muslim marriage and divorce as reflected in their lived experiences. Furthermore, the study involved interviews with experts or professionals ranging from imams and Shariah council judges to solicitors and counsellors, as well as observations of Shariah council hearings and analysis of their procedural documents. The findings revealed the strong influence of religion in establishing norms and dictating the importance of nikāḥ in establishing the "real" marriage, whereas civil marriage was considered a secondary issue. In the pursuit of divorce, the civil divorce demarcated the severing of the marital relationship; however, participants only felt "free" once they obtained the Islamic divorce. The majority of participants achieved an Islamic divorce without the use of imams or Shariah councils, whilst for others with nikāḥ-only marriages, Shariah councils were the only option available to gain an Islamic divorce.
With the rapid depletion of fossil fuels and rising energy demand, the production and usage of renewable energy sources are gaining a lot of attraction. However, current renewable energy production ...must be accompanied by appropriate and efficient energy storage technologies. In this regard, energy storage technologies such as supercapacitors (SCs) are considered as potential energy storage devices. SCs have inferior energy densities than commercial batteries despite their small size, excellent power management, extended life, and high capacity and throughput. As the energy density varies in direct proportion to capacitance, the electrode materials play a pivotal role in defining the performance of SCs. Many investigators have concentrated on the synthesis of suitable electrode materials in recent years, however most of them are based on single molecules. In view of its numerous advantages, including ease of synthesis, excellent conductivity, and flexibility, conducting polymers (CPs) are employed as an electrode material in SCs. Nonetheless, due to their structure and features, the sole use of CP-based electrodes results in low specific capacitance and poor cycle stability. However, combining them with other nanomaterials like metal oxides and carbon forms can improve their electrical and mechanical properties, and thereby their capacity and energy density. This paper outlines recent breakthroughs in CPs such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and its derivative poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as SC electrodes, to address the society's energy needs. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of various promising approaches toward key accomplishments in recent years.
•Importance of conducting polymers in supercapacitors to address the global energy needs.•Preparation and composition of different types of conducting polymers nanocomposites are summarized.•Different supercapacitor electrodes are compared in terms of specific capacitance, energy/power density and cyclic stability.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were grown on a silicon (Si) substrate by using the low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) technique, where iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) colloidal ...solutions act as catalysts. In this work, we demonstrate the growth of MWCNTs on different concentrations of Fe in Fe/Al composite catalysts. The as-prepared various concentrations solutions were coated on Si substrate through spin coating technique with 750 rpm. The goal of Fe in composite catalysts is to have high carbon solubility and diffusion rate, and Al utilization can change the temperature of catalyst activity and increase carbon yields. The growth temperature of MWCNTs was maintained at 700 ℃. The source gas was acetylene (C
2
H
2
), along with hydrogen (H
2
) as a carrier gas. The growth time of MWCNTs was 25 min. Surface morphology and structural analysis were explored using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Raman spectroscopy respectively and it was determined that generated CNTs are MWCNTs. The diameter distribution and crystalline nature of as generated MWCNTs were studied using XRD. The effect of field emission and gas sensing on as-prepared different MWCNTs were investigated. A field emission study revealed that a higher current density (4.068 mA/cm
2
at 2.668 V/µm) was observed by Fe
0.025 M
/Al
0.100 M
/MWCNTs at a low turn-on voltage (0.89 V/µm) with good stability. In addition to this, a gas sensing study revealed that the as-prepared MWCNTs are sensitive toward NH
3
. Excellent resistance variation was observed by Fe
0.100 M
/Al
0.100 M
/MWCNTs sample which leads to a good sensor response.
A comprehensive understanding of water quality is essential for assessing the complex relationship between surface water and sources of pollution. Primarily, surface water pollution is linked to ...human and animal waste discharges. This study aimed to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics of drinking water under both dry and wet conditions, assess the extent of bacterial contamination in samples collected from various locations in District Shangla, and evaluate potential health risks associated with consuming contaminated water within local communities. For this purpose, 120 groundwater and surface water samples were randomly collected from various sources such as storage tanks, user sites, streams, ponds and rivers in the study area. The results revealed that in Bisham, lakes had the highest fecal coliform levels among seven tested sources, followed by protected wells, reservoirs, downstream sources, springs, rivers, and ditches; while in Alpuri, nearly 80% of samples from five sources contained fecal coliform bacteria. Similarly, it was observed that the turbidity level, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, biological oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen in the surface drinking water sources of Bisham were significantly higher than those in the surface drinking water sources of Alpuri. Furthermore, the results showed that in the Alpuri region, 14% of the population suffers from dysentery, 27% from diarrhea, 22% from cholera, 13% from hepatitis A, and 16% and 8% from typhoid and kidney problems, respectively, while in the Bisham area, 24% of residents are affected by diarrhea, 17% by cholera and typhoid, 15% by hepatitis A, 14% by dysentery, and 13% by kidney problems. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved water quality management practices and public health interventions to mitigate the risks associated with contaminated drinking water. It is recommended to implement regular water quality monitoring programs, enhance sanitation infrastructure, and raise awareness among local communities about the importance of safe drinking water practices to safeguard public health.
