Tough adhesives for diverse wet surfaces Li, J.; Celiz, A. D.; Yang, J. ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
07/2017, Volume:
357, Issue:
6349
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Adhesion to wet and dynamic surfaces, including biological tissues, is important in many fields but has proven to be extremely challenging. Existing adhesives are cytotoxic, adhere weakly to tissues, ...or cannot be used in wet environments. We report a bioinspired design for adhesives consisting of two layers: an adhesive surface and a dissipative matrix. The former adheres to the substrate by electrostatic interactions, covalent bonds, and physical interpenetration. The latter amplifies energy dissipation through hysteresis. The two layers synergistically lead to higher adhesion energies on wet surfaces as compared with those of existing adhesives. Adhesion occurs within minutes, independent of blood exposure and compatible with in vivo dynamic movements. This family of adhesives may be useful in many areas of application, including tissue adhesives, wound dressings, and tissue repair.
We study collective "free-space" radiation properties of two distant single-layer arrays of quantum emitters as two-level atoms. We show that this system can support a long-lived Bell superposition ...state of atomic excitations exhibiting strong subradiance, which corresponds to a nonlocal excitation of the two arrays. We describe the preparation of these states and their application in quantum information as a resource of nonlocal entanglement, including deterministic quantum state transfer with high fidelity between the arrays representing quantum memories. We discuss experimental realizations using cold atoms in optical trap arrays with subwavelength spacing, and analyze the role of imperfections.
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We consider the discrete Dirichlet boundary value problem for a discrete elliptic pseudodifferential equation in the quadrant and study its solvability in discrete counterparts of the ...Sobolev–Slobodetskii space. The study is based on a special factorization of the elliptic symbol. We compare the solutions to the discrete Dirichlet problem and its continuous counterpart.
The objective of these studies was to determine the dependence of the distribution of the microwave field into a grain layer and the efficiency of energy transfer from the magnetron into the grain ...layer, via a waveguide, on the moisture content. The subject of the research was a semicircular waveguide with slot radiators that supply a microwave field to the grain surrounding the waveguide. The change in the directional diagram of the microwave field in the longitudinal direction of the waveguide was studied using CST Microwave Studio 2019 software. It was found that the change in the moisture content of the processed grain leads to a significant change in both the radiation and total efficiency values of the waveguide. For instance, the radiation efficiency of the waveguide decreases by 15.1% (from 68.729 dB to 58.294 dB) when the moisture content of the processed grain increases from 14% to 26%. The total radiation efficiency also decreases (from 11.27 dB to 21.7 dB). In this case, not only the value of the radiation efficiency but also the shape of its dependence on the magnetron radiation frequency change. The results of this study enable the formulation of a requirement for a selective approach to the alignment of emitting waveguides depending on the moisture content of the processed grain. Data were obtained on the change in the Q-factor for resonators in which grain layers are processed, depending on the variation in grain moisture content. The research results suggest that when designing microwave convective zones for grain processing, the quality factor of the resonator should not be considered as the primary parameter. The main focus should be on maximizing the radiation efficiency of the waveguides.
This review is focused on the analysis of current data on new methods of alkenylation of arenes and heteroarenes with alkynes by transition metal catalyzed reactions, Bronsted/Lewis acid promoted ...transformations, and others. The synthetic potential, scope, limitations, and mechanistic problems of the alkenylation reactions are discussed. The insertion of an alkenyl group into aromatic and heteroaromatic rings by inter- or intramolecular ways provides a synthetic route to derivatives of styrene, stilbene, chalcone, cinnamic acid, various fused carbo- and heterocycles, etc.
The microwave field is used for drying and disinfecting grains during the pre-sowing seed treatment. The use of a microwave field in these installations leads to an increase in their productivity and ...a decrease in the energy consumed by them. In grain dryers, where the grain moves in a dense layer without being loosened, one of the challenges in using microwave fields is ensuring sufficient uniformity of the field distribution. In this article, waveguide design options that introduce microwave radiation into the grain layer are discussed. The objective of this study was to use application software to find the optimum type of transmitter from the three options presented. A mathematical simulation of the electromagnetic field distribution was performed with the use of CST Microwave Studio software 2019 in order to evaluate and compare horn-type, rectangular, and semicircular waveguides. The data on the standing wave ratio and radiation efficiency of these types of waveguides have been reported. The specific features of the microwave electromagnetic field distribution and radiation power in the output of these waveguides have been described. The results of mathematical simulations revealed that semicircular waveguides with slot-type radiators are preferable for processing dense grain layers.
We propose and analyze a scanning microscope to monitor "live" the quantum dynamics of cold atoms in a cavity QED setup. The microscope measures the atomic density with subwavelength resolution via ...dispersive couplings to a cavity and homodyne detection within the framework of continuous measurement theory. We analyze two modes of operation. First, for a fixed focal point the microscope records the wave packet dynamics of atoms with time resolution set by the cavity lifetime. Second, a spatial scan of the microscope acts to map out the spatial density of stationary quantum states. Remarkably, in the latter case, for a good cavity limit, the microscope becomes an effective quantum nondemolition device, such that the spatial distribution of motional eigenstates can be measured backaction free in single scans, as an emergent quantum nondemolition measurement.
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Agricultural production is a large consumer of thermal energy for various processes. Heat is necessary to maintain the microclimate on livestock farms in the cold season. Previous studies have ...reported that heat recovery of ventilation air can reduce thermal energy consumption by up to 40–60%. However, most of these studies were retrospective and descriptive in nature and they did not take into account the peculiarities of agricultural production technologies. The energy-saving method of microclimate support for livestock farms of a decentralized type is described. It is based on the principles of exhaust air heat recovery, ozonation and deep air recirculation. The article deals with the structural and technological schemes of the ventilation-heating device implementing this method. The main statements of calculation methods including the thermal-power, electrical and structural calculations are described. Polyethylene terephthalate film is used as heat exchange surface. The design constant of the heat exchanger is 180 W/°C. Exergy efficiency for the heat exchanger equal to 0.48 relative units. An expression was obtained to determine the convective heat transfer coefficient in the electric supply air heater. Corona discharge ozonator is used for purification and disinfection of circulating air. The experimental stand is used for automated registration, transfer, processing and storage of data. The results of experiments confirming the energy efficiency of the electrothermal installation are reflected on the charts. The implementation of the described method provides reduction of energy consumption up to 55%.
A
bstract
In this study we map the dualities observed in the framework of integrable probabilities into the dualities familiar in a realm of integrable many-body systems. The dualities between the ...pairs of stochastic processes involve one representative from Macdonald-Schur family, while the second representative is from stochastic higher spin six-vertex model of TASEP family. We argue that these dualities are counterparts and generalizations of the familiar quantum-quantum (QQ) dualities between pairs of integrable systems. One integrable system from QQ dual pair belongs to the family of inhomogeneous XXZ spin chains, while the second to the Calogero-Moser-Ruijsenaars-Schneider (CM-RS) family. The wave functions of the Hamiltonian system from CM-RS family are known to be related to solutions to (q)KZ equations at the inhomogeneous spin chain side. When the wave function gets substituted by the measure, bilinear in wave functions, a similar correspondence holds true. As an example, we have elaborated in some details a new duality between the discrete-time inhomogeneous multispecies TASEP model on the circle and the quantum Goldfish model from the RS family. We present the precise map of the inhomogeneous multispecies TASEP and 5-vertex model to the trigonometric and rational Goldfish models respectively, where the TASEP local jump rates get identified as the coordinates in the Goldfish model. Some comments concerning the relation of dualities in the stochastic processes with the dualities in SUSY gauge models with surface operators included are made.
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