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•Lactobacillus reuteri was used as whole cell biocatalyst for the bioreduction of arylketones.•High yields of (R)-1-arylethanols were obtained in a short reaction time by a cheap and ...simple process.•The reaction requires only the use of cells and a suitable reducing equivalent source.•No by-products of the arylketone biotransformation were formed.•Bioreduction of different acetophenones was exploited to study L. reuteri substrate specificity.
Various Lactobacillus reuteri strains were investigated as whole cell catalysts for the bioreduction of acetophenone into optically active (R)-1-phenylethanol. L. reuteri DSM 20016 strain gave an almost complete substrate conversion, in a short reaction time and enantiomeric excess up to 99%. The acetophenone bioreduction was used as a model reaction to optimize temperature and reducing equivalent source (glucose, lactose, cheese way and lignocellulosic hydrolysates) to accomplish the biotransformation. The reduction of acetophenones into optically active (R)-1-arylethanols was also exploited to study L. reuteri DSM 20016 substrate specificity. In most of the cases, optically active (R)-1-arylethanols have been obtained with both excellent chemical and optical yields and with (R)-enantiopreference, through a cheap, simple and efficient process.
Building, naval, and automotive industries have deep interest in eco-friendly, lightweight, stiff and strong materials. In addition, materials with low thermal conductivity are desirable in many ...applications where energy savings and thermal comfort are needed. In response to these requirements, sandwich panels were manufactured using glass and jute fiber composite skins bonded to different cores: balsa wood, Divinycell® and honeycombs. These honeycombs, as well as the skins, were manufactured by the vacuum infusion technique using polyester resin and jute, glass and carbon fiber fabrics. In this work, the thermal properties and density of the sandwich panels were measured and compared.
In November 2017, CMS finalized the 2018 Medicare Outpatient Prospective Payment System rule that removed TKA from the Medicare inpatient-only (IPO) list. This action had significant and unexpected ...consequences.
We looked at 3 levels of the IPO rule impact on TKA for Medicare beneficiaries: a national comparison of FFS inpatient and outpatient classification for 2017 vs 2018; a survey of AAHKS surgeons completed in April 2019; and an in-depth analysis of a large academic medical center experience. An analysis of change in admission classification of patients with TKA over time, number of QIO audits, compliance solutions for the new rule, and cost implications of those compliance solutions were evaluated.
Hospital reimbursement averages $10,122 in an outpatient facility but does not include the physician payment. Average hospital reimbursement in the inpatient setting is $11,760. The difference in hospital reimbursement varies widely (90th percentile decrease, $6725 vs 10th percentile $2048). Physician payments are the same in both settings (avg $1403). Patients with TKA not designated for inpatient admissions are not eligible for bundle payment programs. Patients designated as outpatients are subjected to higher out-of-pocket expenses. Patients may have an annual Medicare Part B Deductible ($185) and a 20% copay as well as prescription and durable medical equipment costs. An AAHKS survey demonstrated that 45.08% were with inpatient designation only, 17.62% were with outpatient designation only, 25.39% were designated as necessary, and 10.1% were designated by the hospital. This survey showed that 66 of 374 (17.65%) patients had undergone a QIO audit as a result of issues with the IPO rule. An evaluation of an AMC demonstrated that since January 1, 2018, 470 of 690 (68.1%) of CMS patients with TKA left in less than 2 midnights. The institution was subjected to 2 QIO audits.
There are many unintended consequences to the IPO rule application to TKA.
The segment-coupling Prins cyclization avoids two of the problems common to other Prins cyclization protocols: side-chain exchange and partial racemization by reversible 2-oxonia Cope rearrangement. ...Model studies demonstrate the stereochemical fidelity of Prins cyclizations using α-acetoxy ethers compared with direct aldehyde−alcohol Prins reactions. Furthermore, we propose a mechanism for the racemization observed in some intermolecular Prins cyclizations. Two straightforward syntheses of optically pure (−)-centrolobine highlight the utility of Prins cyclizations.
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