The segment-coupling Prins cyclization avoids two of the problems common to other Prins cyclization protocols: side-chain exchange and partial racemization by reversible 2-oxonia Cope rearrangement. ...Model studies demonstrate the stereochemical fidelity of Prins cyclizations using α-acetoxy ethers compared with direct aldehyde−alcohol Prins reactions. Furthermore, we propose a mechanism for the racemization observed in some intermolecular Prins cyclizations. Two straightforward syntheses of optically pure (−)-centrolobine highlight the utility of Prins cyclizations.
Background and importanceThe introduction of biological drugs in clinical practice represents a new goal for the treatment of highly disabling inflammatory immune mediated diseases. Our region ...adopted the guidelines for the use of biological drugs in the rheumatology, dermatology and gastroenterology departments; specialists need to draw up the therapeutic plan to implement the prescriptive appropriateness. The Italian Drug Agency has issued a position paper recommending the prescription of biosimilars where possible.Aim and objectivesTo evaluate the prescriptive trend and appropriateness of biological drugs for inflammatory immune mediated diseases in our health district also to implement the use of biosimilars.Material and methodsWe analysed the therapeutic plan for biological drugs received by the territorial pharmacy of our health district (about 164 000 inhabitants). We extracted from the company database data relating to biological drugs dispensed in the period January 2018 to August 2019 and subsequently processed using an electronic worksheet, paying attention to therapeutic shifts and biosimilar drugs.Results556 patients underwent therapy with biological drugs, of whom 61.15% had rheumatological diseases, 29.32% had dermatological diseases and 9.53% had gastrointestinal diseases. The number of patients increased by 6.64% in the January–August 2019 period compared with 2018; similarly, the use of these medicines in terms of units in the first eight months of 2019 increased by 22.72% compared with the same period in 2018. For 11.15% of patients, there was a shift to another biological drug; in 88.71% of cases, the change was attributable to therapeutic ineffectiveness while the remaining 11.29% were passed to the relative biosimilar (Δ% 2019–2018 = +33.33%).Conclusion and relevanceAccess to biologics has led to a significant improvement in patients‘ quality of life. Given the complexity of immune mediated inflammatory pathologies, identification of the correct therapy represents a critical issue at the first diagnosis. The use of biosimilar drugs increased during the analysis period; we therefore propose to promote the prescriptive appropriateness and to start a biosimilar drug prescription awareness programme, according to regional and national legislation, with a view to the sustainability of the health system, guaranteeing effectiveness, safety and quality for patients. At the same time, therapeutic efficacy will be evaluated in patients receiving biosimilars.References and/or acknowledgementsConflict of interestNo conflict of interest
A
bstract
We consider linear star products on
ℝ
d
of Lie algebra type. First we derive the closed formula for the polydifferential representation of the corresponding Lie algebra generators. Using ...this representation we define the Weyl star product on the dual of the Lie algebra. Then we construct a gauge operator relating the Weyl star product with the one which is closed with respect to some trace functional, Tr (
f
⋆
g
) = Tr (
f
·
g
). We introduce the derivative operator on the algebra of the closed star product and show that the corresponding Leibniz rule holds true up to a total derivative. As a particular example we study the space
R
θ
3
with
s
u
2
type noncommutativity and show that in this case the closed star product is the one obtained from the Duflo quantization map. As a result a Laplacian can be defined such that its commutative limit reproduces the ordinary commutative one. The deformed Leibniz rule is applied to scalar field theory to derive conservation laws and the corresponding noncommutative currents.
Background Background: : Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory musculoskeletal disease associated with psoriasis. PsA patients have a higher prevalence of some comorbidities (obesity, ...metabolic syndrome, depression and premature cardiovascular disease). Recent data suggest a link between fat-mediated inflammation and joint involvement in PsA. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) has been used as a surrogate of visceral adiposity. Objectives Objective: To examine if VAI is correlated to disability and/or cutaneous involvement in PsA patients. Methods Material and methods: Prospective study on 88 (37 M/51 W) consecutive PsA fulfilled CASPAR criteria. All the patients were evaluated according to a predefined protocol that included:rheumatology and dermatology clinical evaluation and functional disability ( Health Assessment Questionnaire, HAQ, quality of life score- Short Form36, SF36), PASI and VAI based on Waist Circumference (WC), Body Mass Index (BMI), triglycerides (TG) and HDL cholesterol (HDL) levels. BMI was calculeted in 4 standard categories according to WHO criteria and WC was calculeted according to WHO (cut points 94 cm for men and 80 cm for women). Results Results: Our results demonstrated that WC was significantly associated with disability function (HAQ) even after adjustment for BMI; patients in the highest versus the lowest quartiles of WC had approximately 125% and 275% increases in the odds of HAQ among men and women, respectively (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.66, OR 3.64, 95% CI 1.38 to 9.48). In contrast, there was no evidence of a significant association between HAQ and VAI index, with or without adjustment for WC. Conclusions Conclusions: WC was found, independent of VAI, to be a risk factor for disability function in PSA patients among both men and women. Future evaluations are needed since some authors supported that abdominal obesity may also determine an increased risk of not achieving minimal disease activity in PsA patients, highlighting the role of abdominal fat accumulation as a negative predictor of good clinical response to biologic agents References Amato MC, Giordano C, Galia M et al:. Diabetes Care 2010, 33:920-922 Cañete JD, Mease P. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012 Aug;71(8):1265-6. Taylor WJ. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2012 Aug;14(4):369-74 Russolillo A, Iervolino S, Peluso et al. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013 Jan;52(1):62-7 Disclosure of Interest None Declared
.
Aerosols play an important role in radiative transfer processes involved in different fields of study. In particular, their influence is crucial in the attenuation of light at astronomical and ...astrophysical observatories, and has to be taken into account in light transfer models employed to reconstruct the signals. The Andean Argentinean region is increasingly being considered as a good candidate to host such facilities, as well as the ones for solar-energy resources, and an adequate knowledge of aerosols characteristics there is needed, but it is not always possible due to the vast area involved and the scarce atmospheric data at ground. The aim of this work is to find correlations between aerosol data and particle trajectories that can give an insight into the origin and behaviour of aerosols in this zone and can be employed in situations in which one does not have local aerosol measurements. For this purpose, an aerosol spectrometer and dust monitor (Grimm 1.109) was installed at the Pierre Auger Observatory of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, to record aerosol concentrations in different size intervals, at surface level. These measurements are analysed and correlated with air mass trajectories obtained from HYSPLIT (NOAA) model calculations. High aerosol concentrations are registered predominantly when air masses have travelled mostly over continental areas, mainly from the NE direction, while low aerosol concentrations are found in correspondence with air masses coming from the Pacific Ocean, from the NW direction. Different size distribution patterns were found for the aerosols depending on their origin: marine or continental. This work shows for the first time the size distribution of aerosols registered at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The correlations found between mass and particle concentrations (total and for different size ranges) and HYSPLIT air mass trajectories, confirm that the latter can be employed as a useful tool to infer the sources, evolution and characteristics of the aerosols.
Three segment-coupling Prins approaches to the C3−C19 segment of phorboxazole B have been developed. One successful strategy utilized a novel TMSBr-mediated cyclization that proceeded with complete ...axial selectivity. Displacement of bromide with cesium acetate provided the C13 hydroxyl stereocenter of 22. Additionally, treatment of α-acetoxy ether 20 with TFA enabled a more concise synthesis of the C3−C19 target 13 by allowing direct access to the equatorial alcohol.
Abstract The superior temporal gyrus has been implicated in language processing and social perception. Therefore, anatomical abnormalities of this structure may underlie some of the deficits observed ...in autism, a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication. In this study, volumes of the left and right superior temporal gyri were measured using magnetic resonance imaging obtained from 18 boys with high-functioning autism (mean age = 13.5 ± 3.4 years; full-scale IQ = 103.6 ± 13.4) and 19 healthy controls (mean age = 13.7 ± 3.0 years; full-scale IQ = 103.9 ± 10.5), group-matched on age, gender, and handedness. When compared to the control group, right superior temporal gyral volumes was significantly increased in the autism group after controlling for age and total brain volume. There was no significant difference in the volume of the left superior temporal gyrus. Post-hoc analysis revealed a significant increase of the right posterior superior temporal gyral volume in the autism group, before and after controlling for age and total brain volume. Examination of the symmetry index for the superior temporal gyral volumes did not yield statistically significant between-group differences. Findings from this preliminary investigation suggest the existence of volumetric alterations in the right superior temporal gyrus in children and adolescents with autism, providing support for a neuroanatomical basis of the social perceptual deficits characterizing this severe neurodevelopmental disorder.
A duality property for star products is exhibited. In view of it, known star-product schemes, like the Weyl–Wigner–Moyal formalism, the Husimi and the Glauber–Sudarshan maps are revisited. The ...tomographic map, which has been recently described as yet another star product scheme, is considered. It yields a noncommutative algebra of operator symbols which are positive definite probability distributions. Through the duality symmetry a new noncommutative algebra of operator symbols is found, equipped with a new star product. The kernel of the star product is established in explicit form and examples are considered.
Abstract
We consider the noncommutative space ℝ
3
λ
, a deformation of the algebra of functions on ℝ
3
which yields a foliation of ℝ
3
into fuzzy spheres. We first review the construction of a ...natural matrix basis adapted to ℝ
3
λ
. We thus consider the problem of defining a new Laplacian operator for the deformed algebra. We propose an operator which is not of Jacobi type. The implication for field theory of the new Laplacian is briefly discussed.
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