In the aftermath of the 1992-1995 Bosnian war, the discovery of unmarked mass graves revealed Europe's worst atrocity since World War II: the genocide in the UN "safe area" of Srebrenica.To Know ...Where He Liesprovides a powerful account of the innovative genetic technology developed to identify the eight thousand Bosnian Muslim (Bosniak) men and boys found in those graves and elsewhere, demonstrating how memory, imagination, and science come together to recover identities lost to genocide. Sarah E. Wagner explores technology's import across several areas of postwar Bosnian society-for families of the missing, the Srebrenica community, the Bosnian political leadership (including Serb and Muslim), and international aims of social repair-probing the meaning of absence itself.
This paper explores the unique relationships care home residents have with communication media. Drawing on findings from an ethnographic case study at a long-term care site in British Columbia, ...Canada, I describe how care home residents’ everyday media practices are intertwined with their negotiations of longstanding attachments and new living spaces. The research draws connections between the spatiotemporal contexts of media use and residents’ experiences of social agency. Long-term care residents in this research were challenged to engage with the wider community, maintain friendships, or stay current with events and politics because their preferred ways of using communication media were not possible in long-term care. The communication inequalities experienced by care home residents were not simply about their lack of access to media or content but about their inability to find continuity with their established media habits in terms of time and place. While most research about communication media in care homes has been intervention oriented, this research suggests that long-term care service and funding policies require greater attention to create flexible, diverse, and supportive media environments.
The fall of the United Nations 'safe area' of Srebrenica in July 1995 to Bosnian Serb and Serbian forces stands out as the international community's most egregious failure to intervene during the ...Bosnian war. It led to genocide, forced displacement and a legacy of loss. But wartime inaction has since spurred numerous postwar attempts to address the atrocities' effects on Bosnian society and its diaspora. Srebrenica in the Aftermath of Genocide reveals how interactions between local, national and international interventions - from refugee return and resettlement to commemorations, war crimes trials, immigration proceedings and election reform - have led to subtle, positive effects of social repair, despite persistent attempts at denial. Using an interdisciplinary approach, diverse research methods, and more than a decade of fieldwork in five countries, Lara J. Nettelfield and Sarah E. Wagner trace the genocide's reverberations in Bosnia and abroad. The findings of this study have implications for research on post-conflict societies around the world.
What Remains Wagner, Sarah E
2019, 2019-11-05
eBook
Nearly 1, 600 Americans who took part in the Vietnam War are still missing and presumed dead. Sarah Wagner tells the stories of those who mourn and continue to search for them. Today's forensic ...science can identify remains from mere traces, raising expectations for repatriation and forcing a new reckoning with the toll of America's most fraught war.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether women living in areas deemed food deserts had higher rates of pregnancy morbidity, specifically preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, prelabor ...rupture of membranes, preterm labor, than women who did not live in food deserts at the time of their pregnancy and delivery.
METHODS:This was a retrospective observational study in which we reviewed electronic medical records of all patients who delivered at Loyola University Medical Center in Maywood, Illinois in 2014. The Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture publishes the Food Access Research Atlas, which presents a spatial overview of food access indicators for low-income and other Census tracts using different measures of supermarket accessibility. A spatial join between the Food Access Research Atlas and patient coordinates was performed to identify patient point locations and determine whether each patient was located within or outside of a food desert.
RESULTS:Data for 1,003 deliveries at Loyola University Medical Center in 2014 were provided by the Loyola University Chicago Clinical Research Database. Two deliveries were excluded owing to inability to map address coordinates; thus 1,001 deliveries were analyzed. Of the 1,001 patients, 195 (19.5%) women were designated to food deserts. Multivariable analysis was done by adjusting for age, race, and medical insurance class. Having at least one morbid condition was the only variable that demonstrated a significant association with the food desert in multivariable analyses (47.2% vs 35.6%) (odds ratio OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.18–2.22) (adjusted OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.18–2.29).
CONCLUSION:The odds of having at least one of the studied morbid conditions in pregnancy were greater for patients living in a food desert. As there is an association of morbidity in pregnancy with living in a food desert, intervention trials to improve the built food environment or mitigate the effect otherwise are needed.
Amid its human and material tolls, the Vietnam War has given rise to a curious enterprise—the complex process of recovering and repatriating the remains of U.S. service members Missing In Action ...(MIA) and presumed dead. In this trade, the bones that “count” are American and the aims underwriting the forensic efforts to return them are rooted in an ideology of national belonging.The resultant exchange of both knowledge and physical remains has developed through two historically intertwined ventures: state-sponsored casualty resolution efforts; and the much smaller, informal trafficking of skeletal remains, identification media, and information about American MIAs. This article examines how these sought-after bones tack between roles as objects of recovery, sale, or barter, scientific study, ritual burial, and public commemoration. Through their mutable worth, MIA remains illustrate the dynamic symbolism of war dead that evokes differing sensibilities about familiar or foreign soil, about care and belonging. Like the reliquiae of medieval Christianity, remains of missing service members, even in the most fragmentary form, are replete with the suggestion of power. Their pursuit depends on reciprocity. Indeed, more than just powerful symbols, these bones manifest and confer power itself, as caring for war dead demonstrates authority, and such authority falls to those who control access to the desired object, whether through formal or informal channels. Furthermore, power requires authentication, and the remains of missing American war dead become, in this system of circulation and exchange, a means to demonstrate knowledge, perform certainty, or exploit ambiguity.
Context.
Monthly binned
γ
-ray light curves of 236 bright
γ
-ray sources, particularly blazars, selected from a sample of 2278 high-galactic latitude objects observed with
Fermi
-LAT show flux ...variability characterized by power spectral densities consisting of a single power-law component, ranging from Brownian to white noise.
Aims.
The main goal here is to assess the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) model by studying the range of its three parameters that reproduces these statistical properties.
Methods.
We develop procedures for extracting values of the three OU model parameters (mean flux, correlation length, and random amplitude) from time series data and apply them to compare numerical integrations of the OU process with the
Fermi
-LAT data.
Results.
The OU process fully describes the statistical properties of the flux variations of the 236 blazars. The distributions of the extracted OU parameters are narrowly peaked around well-defined values (
σ
,
μ
,
θ
) = (0.2, −8.4, 0.5) with variances (0.004, 0.07, 0.13). The distributions of rise and the decay time scales of flares in the numerical simulations, meaning major flux variations fulfilling pre-defined criteria, are in agreement with the observed ones. The power spectral densities of the synthetic light curves are statistically indistinguishable from those of the measured light curves.
Conclusions.
The long-term
γ
-ray flux variability of blazars on monthly time scales is well described by a stochastic model that involves only three parameters. The methods described here are powerful tools for studying randomness in light curves and thereby for constraining the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed flux variations.
Abstract
Background
The authors investigated the durability of vaccine efficacy (VE) against human papillomavirus (HPV)16 or 18 infections and antibody response among nonrandomly assigned women who ...received a single dose of the bivalent HPV vaccine compared with women who received multiple doses and unvaccinated women.
Methods
HPV infections were compared between HPV16 or 18-vaccinated women aged 18 to 25 years who received one (N = 112), two (N = 62), or three (N = 1365) doses, and age- and geography-matched unvaccinated women (N = 1783) in the long-term follow-up of the Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial. Cervical HPV infections were measured at two study visits, approximately 9 and 11 years after initial HPV vaccination, using National Cancer Institute next-generation sequencing TypeSeq1 assay. VE and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. HPV16 or 18 antibody levels were measured in all one- and two-dose women, and a subset of three-dose women, using a virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (n = 448).
Results
Median follow-up for the HPV-vaccinated group was 11.3 years (interquartile range = 10.9–11.7 years) and did not vary by dose group. VE against prevalent HPV16 or 18 infection was 80.2% (95% CI = 70.7% to 87.0%) among three-dose, 83.8% (95% CI = 19.5% to 99.2%) among two-dose, and 82.1% (95% CI = 40.2% to 97.0%) among single-dose women. HPV16 or 18 antibody levels did not qualitatively decline between years four and 11 regardless of the number of doses given, although one-dose titers continue to be statistically significantly lower compared with two- and three-dose titers.
Conclusion
More than a decade after HPV vaccination, single-dose VE against HPV16 or 18 infection remained high and HPV16 or 18 antibodies remained stable. A single dose of bivalent HPV vaccine may induce sufficiently durable protection that obviates the need for more doses.
There are major efforts underway to make genome sequencing a routine part of clinical practice. A critical barrier to these is achieving practical solutions for data ownership and integrity. ...Blockchain provides solutions to these challenges in other realms, such as finance. However, its use in genomics is stymied due to the difficulty in storing large-scale data on-chain, slow transaction speeds, and limitations on querying. To overcome these roadblocks, we developed a private blockchain network to store genomic variants and reference-aligned reads on-chain. It uses nested database indexing with an accompanying tool suite to rapidly access and analyze the data.
Objective—To determine current attitudes and practices related to pain and analgesia in cattle among US veterinarians in bovine practice and to identify factors associated with these attitudes and ...practices. Design—Web-based survey. Sample—3,019 US members of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) with e-mail addresses. Procedures—Veterinarians were invited via e-mail to participate in a Web-based survey. Respondents replied to questions related to pain and analgesia and supplied personal, professional, and demographic information. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and associations among various factors were examined. Results—666 surveys (25.5% response rate) were analyzed. Among common procedures and medical conditions of cattle listed on the survey, castration of dairy calves < 6 months old was subjectively estimated as causing the least pain; abdominal surgery, toxic mastitis, and dehorning of calves > 6 months old were assessed as causing the greatest pain. Respondents reported not providing analgesic drugs to approximately 70% of calves castrated at < 6 months of age. The most commonly administered analgesics were NSAIDs, local anesthetics, and α2-adrenergic receptor agonists. Significant associations were detected among respondent characteristics and pain ratings, percentages of cattle treated, and opinions regarding analgesia. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results provide information on current attitudes and practices related to pain and analgesia in cattle among US veterinarians in bovine practice and can be considered in the development of policies and protocols for pain management in cattle. These data can be compared with those of future studies to examine changes over time.
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