The unfortunate price paid by the rapid growth of the global economy is the destruction of the ecological environment, yet financial development represented by the establishment of regional financial ...institutions may have a positive effect on environmental improvement. Based on data of 284 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 1998 to 2018, this research takes the establishment of China's city commercial banks (CCBs) as a quasi-natural experiment and constructs a difference-in-differences (DID) model to explore the impact of these regional banks on regional environmental pollution in China. The results are as follows. First, the establishment of CCBs significantly reduces regional pollution, and the pollution reduction effect of CCBs that have been established for several years and opened branches is more obvious. Second, the establishment of CCBs cuts environmental pollution by improving the innovation capacity, attracting more foreign direct investment (FDI), and upgrading the industrial structure. Third, the higher the economic strength, population size, and degree of marketization a city exhibits, the stronger is the pollution reduction effect of CCBs. Further analysis finds that the effect of CCBs in reducing pollution is higher in cities with strong economic power and large populations, which mainly relates to the innovation promoting effect. When cities have a high degree of marketization, the pollution reduction effect of CCBs generally comes from the innovation promoting effect and the FDI attracting effect. Therefore, cities should continue to improve the operating efficiency of regional banks, properly handle the relationship between regional banks and local governments, optimize the allocation of financial resources, and improve environmental quality through green finance.
•Take the establishment of China's City Commercial Banks (CCBs) as a quasi-natural experiment.•Construct a DID model to explore the impact of these regional banks on regional environmental pollution in China.•The establishment of CCBs significantly reduces regional pollution.•The establishment of CCBs cuts pollution by innovation improving, FDI attracting, and industrial structure upgrading.•The pollution reduction effect of CCBs is affected by the economic strength, population size, and marketization of a city.
Achieving optimal implant restoration hinges on both robust osseointegration as the structural foundation and favorable osseoperception for advanced masticatory function. The significance of nerve ...innervation in the peri‐implant environment as the cornerstone of osseointegration and osseoperception is often underestimated. Despite the integral role of endogenous electric fields (EFs) in the human body, particularly in electrosensitive tissues like nerve tissue, the current approach involving external electrical stimulation is invasive and not clinically applicable. The present study introduces a conductive hydrogel designed to respond to endogenous EFs, aiming to foster nerve regeneration around dental implants to coordinate both osseointegration and osseoperception. The hydrogel promotes neurite outgrowth by upregulating intracellular Ca2+ concentration and activating subsequent pathways. Furthermore, the enhanced release of neuropeptides from neurocells improves the osteogenesis of osteoblasts. The impact of the conductive hydrogel on osseointegration and osseoperception is also thoroughly investigated in vivo. This conductive hydrogel represents a unique strategy for enhancing osseointegration and osseoperception within the endogenous EFs of the peri‐implant environment. This advancement opens the door to achieving the physiological and psychological integration of dental implants.
The decreased osseoperception results in excessive forces exerted on the implant. This brings about a high failure rate of implant fracture or aggressive bone loss. Here an injectable conductive hydrogel is developed to promote nerve regeneration in the peri‐implant environment under endogenous electric field. The promotion of nerve regeneration enhances osseoperception and osseointegration simultaneously in vivo.
Constituting approximately 10% of flowering plant species, orchids (Orchidaceae) display unique flower morphologies, possess an extraordinary diversity in lifestyle, and have successfully colonized ...almost every habitat on Earth. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Apostasia shenzhenica, a representative of one of two genera that form a sister lineage to the rest of the Orchidaceae, providing a reference for inferring the genome content and structure of the most recent common ancestor of all extant orchids and improving our understanding of their origins and evolution. In addition, we present transcriptome data for representatives of Vanilloideae, Cypripedioideae and Orchidoideae, and novel third-generation genome data for two species of Epidendroideae, covering all five orchid subfamilies. A. shenzhenica shows clear evidence of a whole-genome duplication, which is shared by all orchids and occurred shortly before their divergence. Comparisons between A. shenzhenica and other orchids and angiosperms also permitted the reconstruction of an ancestral orchid gene toolkit. We identify new gene families, gene family expansions and contractions, and changes within MADS-box gene classes, which control a diverse suite of developmental processes, during orchid evolution. This study sheds new light on the genetic mechanisms underpinning key orchid innovations, including the development of the labellum and gynostemium, pollinia, and seeds without endosperm, as well as the evolution of epiphytism; reveals relationships between the Orchidaceae subfamilies; and helps clarify the evolutionary history of orchids within the angiosperms.
A nickel‐mediated intermolecular reductive cross‐coupling reaction of unactivated alkyl bromides and aryl iodides at room temperature has been developed and successfully extended to less explored ...intramolecular versions and tandem cyclization‐intermolecular cross‐coupling. Highly stereoselective (or stereospecific) synthesis of linear‐fused perhydrofuro2,3‐bfuran (pyran) and spiroketal skeletons allows rapid access to these useful building blocks, which would be potentially valuable in the synthesis of relevant natural products. A rational explanation for the formation of contiguous stereogenic centers is given.
Nickel coupling: A nickel‐mediated intermolecular reductive cross‐coupling of unactivated alkyl bromides and aryl iodides at room temperature has been developed and successfully extended to less explored intramolecular versions and tandem cyclizations (see scheme). Highly stereoselective (or stereospecific) synthesis of linear‐fused perhydrofuro2,3‐bfuran (pyran) and spiroketal skeletons allows rapid access to medicinally useful building blocks.
5 A meta-analysis showed that for every 10 g/L decrease in the serum albumin concentration in critically ill patients, there was a 137% increase in in-hospital mortality, an 89% increase in the ...incidence of comorbidities, and a 72% increase in the length of hospital stay. Inappropriate use of HSA will cause adverse effects and increase medical costs inevitably, whereas guidance from clinical pharmacists or hospital standards can help reduce inappropriate HSA use by 30% and decrease medical costs without affecting patient prognosis. After discussion, the experts agreed that HSA has been widely used for fluid resuscitation and albumin supplementation in critically ill patients, but controversy persists regarding the applicable population, timing, and administration regimen. ...considering the current practices in clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as existing reports, the writing group believed that it was both necessary and possible to develop an expert consensus and provide recommendations to promote the appropriate and standardized use of HSA in critical care medicine. 8 A subgroup analysis of patients with severe sepsis revealed a decreasing trend of mortality among patients receiving HSA treatment (risk ratio RR: 0.87, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.74–1.02).
Scope: The proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are the basis of intestinal renewal and regeneration, and gut microbiota plays an important role in it. Dietary nutrition ...has the effect of regulating the activity of ISCs; however, the regulation effect of α‐linolenic acid (ALA) has seldom been reported.
Methods and Results: After intervening mice with different doses of ALA for 30 days, it is found that ALA (0.5 g kg−1) promotes small intestinal and villus growth by activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway to stimulate the proliferation of ISCs. Furthermore, ALA administration increases the abundance of the Ruminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae, and promotes the production of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Subsequent fecal transplantation and antibiotic experiments demonstrate that ALA on the proliferation of ISCs are gut microbiota dependent, among them, the functional microorganism may be derived from Ruminococcaceae. Administration of isobutyrate shows a similar effect to ALA in terms of promoting ISCs proliferation. Furthermore, ALA mitigates 5‐fluorouracil‐induced intestinal mucosal damage by promoting ISCs proliferation.
Conclusion: These results indicate that SCFAs produced by Ruminococcaceae mediate ALA promote ISCs proliferation by activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, and suggest the possibility of ALA as a prebiotic agent for the prevention and treatment of intestinal mucositis.
In this work, it is shown that short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by Ruminococcaceae mediate α‐linolenic acid (ALA) promote intestinal stem cells (ISCs) proliferation by activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, and suggest the possibility of ALA as a prebiotic agent for the prevention and treatment of intestinal mucositis.
Sustainable development has become a development goal in more and more countries. As the world's largest energy consumer and producer, the challenge of reducing energy dependence and improving energy ...sustainability is becoming a challenge for China's economic development. This research validates the impact of natural resources, technological progress, and sustainable energy development and their mechanisms through theoretical and empirical analyses. The paper selects 30 interprovincial panel data in China from 2004 to 2019, taking each region of China as the research object. The results show that (1) Natural resources have a positive contribution to sustainable energy development. (2) Natural resources make a positive contribution to technological innovation and technological introduction. (3) Technological innovation has a positive contribution to sustainable energy development. The study proposes relevant policy recommendations to help provinces enhance their energy sustainability.
•Investigate the impact of natural resources on technological progress and sustainable energy development.•Natural resources have a positive contribution to sustainable energy development.•Natural resources make a positive contribution to technological innovation and technological introduction.•Technological innovation has a positive contribution to sustainable energy development.
Social punishment is a mechanism by which cooperative individuals spend part of their resources to penalize defectors. In this paper, we study the evolution of cooperation in 2-person evolutionary ...games on networks when a mechanism for social punishment is introduced. Specifically, we introduce a new kind of role, punisher, which is aimed at reducing the earnings of defectors by applying to them a social fee. Results from numerical simulations show that different equilibria allowing the three strategies to coexist are possible as well as that social punishment further enhance the robustness of cooperation. Our results are confirmed for different network topologies and two evolutionary games. In addition, we analyze the microscopic mechanisms that give rise to the observed macroscopic behaviors in both homogeneous and heterogeneous networks. Our conclusions might provide additional insights for understanding the roots of cooperation in social systems.
Overexpression of the B7-H1 (PD-L1) molecule in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major immune evasion mechanism in some patients with cancer, and antibody blockade of the B7-H1/PD-1 interaction ...can normalize compromised immunity without excessive side-effects. Using a genome-scale T cell activity array, we identified Siglec-15 as a critical immune suppressor. While only expressed on some myeloid cells normally, Siglec-15 is broadly upregulated on human cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, and its expression is mutually exclusive to B7-H1, partially due to its induction by macrophage colony-stimulating factor and downregulation by IFN-γ. We demonstrate that Siglec-15 suppresses antigen-specific T cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Genetic ablation or antibody blockade of Siglec-15 amplifies anti-tumor immunity in the TME and inhibits tumor growth in some mouse models. Taken together, our results support Siglec-15 as a potential target for normalization cancer immunotherapy.
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