We report the design of a wide-range energy material beamline(E-line)with multiple experimental techniques at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.The undulators consisted of an elliptically ...polarizing undulator and in-vacuum undulator that generate the soft and hard X-rays,respectively.The beamline covered a wide energy range from130to18keV with both a high photon flux(>1012phs/s with exit silt30μm in soft X-ray and>5×1012phs/s in hard X-ray within0.1%BW bandwidth)and promising resolving power(maximum E/△E>15,000in soft X-ray with exit silt30μm and>6000in hard X-ray).Moreover,the beam spots from the soft and hard X-rays were focused to the same sample position with a high overlap ratio,so that the surfaces,interfaces,and bulk properties were characterized in situ by changing the probing depth.
While it is widely accepted that genetic diversity determines the potential of adaptation,the role that gene expression variation plays in adaptation remains poorly known.Here we show that gene ...expression diversity could have played a positive role in the adaptation of Miscanthus lutarioriparius.RNA-seq was conducted for 80 individuals of the species,with half planted in the energy crop domestication site and the other half planted in the control site near native habitats.A leaf reference transcriptome consisting of 18,503 high-quality transcripts was obtained using a pipeline developed for de novo assembling with population RNA-seq data.The population structure and genetic diversity of M.lutarioriparius were estimated based on 30,609 genic single nucleotide polymorphisms.Population expression（Ep） and expression diversity（Ed）were defined to measure the average level and the magnitude of variation of a gene expression in the population,respectively.It was found that expression diversity increased while genetic Resediversity decreased after the species was transplanted from the native habitats to the harsh domestication site,especially for genes involved in abiotic stress resistance,histone methylation,and biomass synthesis under water limitation.The increased expression diversity could have enriched phenotypic variation directly subject to selections in the new environment.
In situ quick X-ray absorption spectroscopy(QXAFS) at the Cu and Zn K-edge under operando conditionshas been used to unravel the Cu/Zn interaction andidentify possible active site of CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 ...catalyst formethanol synthesis. In this work, the catalyst, whoseactivity increases with the reaction temperature and pressure,was studied at calcined, reduced, and reacted conditions.TEM and EDX images for the calcined and reducedcatalysts showed that copper was distributed uniformly atboth conditions. TPR profile revealed two reduction peaksat 165 and 195 C for copper species in the calcined catalyst.QXAFS results demonstrated that the calcined formconsisted mainly of a mixed CuO and ZnO, and it wasprogressively transformed into Cu metal particles anddispersed ZnO species as the reduction treatment. It wasdemonstrated that activation of the catalyst precursoroccurred via a Cu? intermediate, and the active catalystpredominantly consisted of metallic Cu and ZnO even under higher pressures. Structure of the active catalyst didnot change with the temperature or pressure, indicating thatthe role of the Zn was mainly to improve Cu dispersion.This indicates the potential of QXAFS method in studyingthe structure evolutions of catalysts in methanol synthesis.
We study the dynamics of commuting rational maps with coefficients in Cp. By lifting the dynamics from P1（Cp） to Berkovich projective space P1 Berk, we prove that two nonlinear commuting maps have ...the same Berkovich Julia set and the same canonical measure. As a consequence, two nonlinear commuting maps with coefficient in Cp have the same classical Julia set. We also prove that they have the same pre-periodic Berkovich Fatou components.
The α2δ-1 subunit of the voltage-gated Ca2＋ channel （VGCC） is a molecular target of gabapentin （GBP）, which has been used as a first-line drug for the relief of neuropathic pain. GBP exerts its ...anti-nociceptive effects by disrupting trafficking of the α2δ-1 subunit to the presynaptic membrane, resulting in decreased neurotrans- mitter release. We previously showed that GBP has an anti- allodynic effect in the first two weeks; but this is followed by insensitivity in the later stage after repeated adminis- tration in a rat model of central post-stroke pain （CPSP） hypersensitivity induced by intra-thalamic hemorrhage. To explore the mechanisms underlying GBP insensitivity, the cellular localization and time-course of expression of the α2δ-1 subunit in both the thalamus and spinal dorsal horn were studied in the same model. We found that the α2δ-1 subunit was mostly localized in neurons, but not astrocytes and microglia. The level of α2δ-1 protein increased in the first two weeks after injury but then decreased in the third week, when GBP insensitivity occurred. Furthermore, the c~2g-1 down-regulation was likely caused by later neuronal loss in the injured thalamus through a mechanism other than apoptosis. In summary, the present results suggest that the GBP receptor ~2~-1 is mainly expressed in thalamic neurons in which it is up-regulated in the early stage of CPSP but this is followed by dramatic down-regulation, which is likely associated with GBP insensitivity after long-term use.
According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified ...method--Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）, science and tech- nology （S＆T） resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S＆T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA）. It turned out that： （1） the average of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. （2） The asymmetrical distribution of S＆T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S＆T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. （3） The coupling degree between S＆T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S＆T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S＆T resources and so on. （4） In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S＆T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. （5） Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.
Aim： Proteasome inhibitors have been found to suppress glioma cell proliferation and induce apoptosis, but the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this study we investigated the mechanisms ...underlying the apoptosis induced by the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 in glioma cells. Methods： C6 glioma ceils were used. MTT assay was used to analyze cell proliferation. Proteasome activity was assayed using Succinyl-LLVY-AMC, and intracellular ROS level was evaluated with the redox-sensitive dye DCFH-DA. Apoptosis was detected using fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy as well as flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was investigated using Western blot analysis. Results： MG-132 inhibited C6 glioma cell proliferation in a timeand dose-dependent manner （the IC5o value at 24 h was 18.5 pmol/L）. MG-132 （18.5 pmol/L） suppressed the proteasome activity by about 70% at 3 h. It induced apoptosis via down-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins Bci-2 and XIAP, up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and caspase-3, and production of cleaved C-terminal 85 kDa PARP）. it also caused a more than 5-fold increase of reactive oxygen species. Tiron （1 mmol/L） effectively blocked oxidative stress induced by MG-132 （18.5 pmol/L）, attenuated proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in C6 glioma cells, and reversed the expression pattern of apoptosis-related proteins. Conclusion： MG-132 induced apoptosis of C6 glioma cells via the oxidative stress.
Background The success rate of antegrade approach for chronic total occlusions （CTO） recanalization has not dramatically increased, especially in complex CTO subset. The retrograde technique may hold ...great promise. This report aimed to describe our experience of retrograde recanalization for CTO, focusing on its safety and feasibility. Methods We identified 42 patients who underwent revascularization in CTO with retrograde approach from July 2005 to November 2009 in our center.Results Three kinds of strategy were applied： retrograde as primary strategy （50.0%）, retrograde immediately after antegrade failure （26.2%） and repeat procedure after previous antegrade failure （23.8%）. Septal collaterals were more frequently used as the retrograde access route （92.9%）. Overall success rate was 88.1%. In patients with successful retrograde wire crossing collateral channel to the distal cap of CTO, the success rate of recanalization was 94.1%. In patient with failure to cross the collaterals, the success rate was 62.5%. Eight different kinds of retrograde techniques were used： kissing wire technique （35.3%）, wire trapped and reverse wire trapped technique （17.6%）, back-end balloon and microcatherer reversal technique （14.7%）, controlled antegrade and retrograde subintimal tracking （CART） technique （8.8%）, reverse CART and modified reverse CART technique （8.8%）, retrograde wire crossing technique （2.9%）. There were 4 complications occurred without in-hospital major adverse cardiac events （MACE）. In-hospital MACE was 7.7%. All of them were non-Q wave myocardial infarction. There were no cases of death or target vessel revascularization, either surgery or percutaneous.Conclusions The retrograde approach can be an effective tool for increasing the success rate of recanalization in the very complex CTO. To ensure the success and safety of the approach, careful case selection and device handling by experienced operators is essential.
Water Modeling of Twin-Roll Strip Casting WANG, Bo; ZHANG, Jie-yu; FAN, Jun-fei ...
Journal of iron and steel research, international,
2006, 2006-1-00, 20060101, Volume:
13, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Twin-roll strip casting is regarded as a prospective technology of near net shape continuous casting. The fluid flow field and level fluctuation in the pool have a strong influence not only on ...composition and temperature homogeneity of pool, but also on the strip quality. A 1 ： 1 water model of a twin-roll strip caster was set up based on the criteria of Froude number and Reynold number similarity. The level fluctuation was measured. The influence of pool depth, casting speed and feeding system configuration on level fluctuation in the pool was studied. The experimental results provided a basis for the optimization of feeding system and process parameters.
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