serovar Typhimurium (ST) is a food-borne pathogen that can infect animals and humans. It is currently the most common bacterial pathogen that negatively affects the poultry industry. Although ...different chicken breeds have been observed to exhibit diverse resistance to ST infection, the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear and the genes involved in this differential disease resistance need to be identified. To overcome this knowledge gap, we used a liver transcriptome analysis to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in two different chicken breeds (local Beijing You (BY) and commercial Guang Ming No. 2 broiler line B (GM)) before and after ST infection. We also performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to detect hub genes, and employed selection signal analysis of candidate genes. Three promising genes (
,
and
) were eventually identified, and were significantly and differentially expressed in the same breed under different conditions, and in the two breeds after ST infection. Hub genes, such as
and
, were identified using WGCNA, and were associated with the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L), an indicator of disease resistance. the present study identified several genes and pathways associated with resistance to ST infection, and found that BY had greater resistance to ST infection than GM. The results obtained provide valuable resources for investigating the mechanisms of resistance to ST infection in different chicken breeds.
Gap opening at the Dirac point of the single-layer graphene with periodic scalar and vector potentials has been theoretically investigated under the continuum model. The symmetry analysis indicates ...that the two-fold degeneracy at the Dirac point can be lifted when the potentials break both the chiral symmetry and the time-reversal symmetry. With the perturbation theory, we derive an analytical expression (gap equation) for gap opening at the Dirac point. Furthermore, the bandgap from the gap equation agrees well with the exact result, when the applied potentials are weak.
► We analysis the relationship of the degeneracy of the Dirac point and the symmetry of the Hamiltonian. ► We derive a gap equation at the Dirac point analytically with perturbation theory. ► Our gap equation shows a gap would be opened at the Dirac point with both electric and magnetic superlattice. ► Our gap equation is confirmed by the numerical calculation.
Dense ZrB2‐SiC‐Al3BC3 ultra‐high temperature ceramic composite was fabricated by hot pressing sintering at 1900°C for 1 hour under a pressure of 20 MPa using Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) as the raw ...material and a powder mixture of SiC, B4C, Al, and carbon as the sintering additive. Al and B4C underwent in situ reaction with carbon powder to produce Al3BC3, which promoted the densification of ZrB2 ceramic. SiC grains were found to be elongated during sintering. The ZrB2‐SiC‐Al3BC3 composite exhibited excellent mechanical properties, such as high flexural strength of 589 ± 147 MPa and fracture toughness of 7.81 ± 1.09 MPa m1/2. Oxidation behavior of the ZrB2‐SiC‐Al3BC3 composite was studied in air at 1500°C for 1 hour. A continuous layer of oxides consisting of a mixture of SiO2, Al2SiO5, and Al2O3 was formed on the surface of the ZrB2‐SiC‐Al3BC3 composite. This layer of oxides efficiently prevented oxygen from diffusing into the specimens during oxidation, which improved the oxidation resistance of the ZrB2 ceramics.
Molybdate-based inorganic-organic hybrid disks with a highly ordered layered structure were synthesized via an acid-base reaction of white molybdic acid (MoO3middle dotH2O) with n-octylamine ...(C8H17NH2) in ethanol at room temperature. The thermal treatment of the as-obtained molybdate-based inorganic-organic hybrid disks at 550 degreeC in air led to formation of orthorhombic small alpha-MoO3 nanoplates. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal analysis (TG-DTA), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, Raman spectra, and a laser-diffraction grain-size analyzer were used to characterize the starting materials, the intermediate hybrid precursors and the final small alpha-MoO3 nanoplates. The XRD, FT-IR and TG-DTA results suggested that the molybdate-based inorganic-organic hybrid compound, with a possible composition of (C8H17NH3)2MoO4, was of a highly ordered lamellar structure with an interlayer distance of 2.306(1) nm, and the n-alkyl chains in the interlayer places took a double-layer arrangement with a tilt angle of 51degree against the inorganic MoO6 octahedra layers. The SEM images indicated that the molybdate-based inorganic-organic hybrids took on a well-dispersed disk-like morphology, which differed distinctly from the severely aggregated morphology of their starting MoO3middle dotH2O powders. During the calcining process, the disk-like morphology of the hybrid compounds was well inherited into the orthorhombic small alpha-MoO3 nanocrystals, showing a definite plate-like shape. The small alpha-MoO3 nanoplates obtained were of a single-crystalline structure, with a side-length of 1-2 small mu m and a thickness of several nanometres, along a thickness direction of 010. The above small alpha-MoO3 nanoplates were of a loose aggregating texture and high dispersibility. The chemical sensors derived from the as-obtained small alpha-MoO3 nanoplates showed an enhanced and selective gas-sensing performance towards ethanol vapors. The small alpha-MoO3 nanoplate sensors reached a high sensitivity of 44-58 for an 800 ppm ethanol vapor operating at 260-400 degreeC, and their response times were less than 15 s.
In this paper, red mud-sewage sludge derived biochar (RSDBC) was synthesized and employed as the heterogenous activator of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. With the ...incorporation of red mud, 82.5% degradation of SMX was achieved by RSDBC/PMS system in a process dominated by 1O2, which was attributed to the participation of oxygen vacancy, ketone groups and graphitic carbon. On the other hand, in the absence of red mud, OH and SO4•− were dominantly accounted for SMX degradation in sewage sludge derived biochar (SDBC)/PMS system. In this case heterogeneous Fe species, ketone groups and graphitic carbon were responsible for PMS activation. Due to the different Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), effects of reaction conditions including initial pH, common anions and natural organic matter (NOM) were not in full accord. Besides, Fe leaching from RSDBC (0.67 ppm) was much lower than that of SDBC (3.07 ppm), leading to a better reuse ability for RSDBC. Less degradation intermediates were disclosed in RSDBC/PMS system, along with lower residual toxicity. In addition, eco-toxicity of all the intermediates was predicted by ECOSAR program for the further understanding of the detoxification of SMX. Advantages of RSDBC/PMS system as disclosed in this paper further suggest its potential full-scale application of environmental remediation.
Display omitted
•Heterogeneous catalysts RSDBC were prepared from sewage sludge and red mud.•Density of oxygen vacancy on the surface increased after modification of red mud.•RSDBC/PMS removed SMX efficiently with good reuse capacity and low Fe leaching.•SDBC/PMS generated SO4− and OH, but RSDBC/PMS generated 1O2.•ECOSAR program was employed to predict the toxicity of degradation intermediates.
In this review article, we review the progress made in the past several years mainly regarding the efforts devoted to increasing the Curie temperature (
T
C
) of (Ga,Mn)As, which is most widely ...considered as the prototype ferromagnetic semiconductor. Heavy Mn doping, nanostructure engineering and post-growth annealing which increase
T
C
are described in detail.
Biochar nanoparticles (BC-NP) have attracted significant attention because of their unique environmental behavior, some of which could potentially limit large-scale field application of biochar. ...Accurate prediction of the fate and transportability of BC-NP in soil matrix is the key to evaluating their environmental influence. This study investigated the effects of soil grain size and environmentally relevant solution chemistry, such as ionic strength (cation concentration, 0.1 mM–50 mM; cation type, Na
+
, and Ca
2+
), and humic acid (HA; 0–10 mg/L), on the transport behavior of BC-NP
via
systematic column experiments. The transportability of BC-NP in the soil-packed column decreased with decreasing soil grain size and was inversely proportional to soil clay content. At low cation concentrations (0.1–1.0 mM), a considerable proportion of BC-NP (15.95%–67.17%) penetrated the soil columns. Compared with Na
+
, Ca
2+
inhibited the transportability of BC-NP in the soil through a charge shielding effect. With increasing HA concentration, the transportability of BC-NP increased, likely due to an enhanced repulsion force between BC-NP and soil particles. However, at a high HA concentration (10 mg/L), Ca
2+
bridging reduced the transportability of BC-NP in the soil. Breakthrough curves of BC-NP were explained by the two-site kinetic retention model. The antagonistic effects of ionic strength and HA indicated that the transport behavior of BC-NP in the soil was governed by competitive effects of some environmental factors, including soil grain size, environmental solution chemistry, and natural organic matter content.
PDF
