The kinetics of propane dehydrogenation over single‐Pt‐atom‐doped Ga2O3 catalyst has been examined by combining density functional theory calculations and microkinetic analysis. The doping of Pt not ...only can improve the selectivity of the Ga2O3 catalyst by hindering the deep dehydrogenation reactions but also helps to achieve a long‐term stability by improving the resistance of Ga2O3 to hydrogen reduction. Microkinetic analysis indicates that upon Pt doping the turnover frequency for propane consumption is increased by a factor of 2.8 under typical operating conditions, as compared to the data on the pristine Ga2O3 surface. The calculated results suggest that the Pt1–Ga2O3 catalyst shows a bifunctional character in this reaction where the Pt–O site brings about dehydrogenation while the Ga–O site is active for desorbing H2, which provides a beautiful explanation for the previous experimental observation that even trace amounts of Pt can dramatically improve the catalytic performance of Ga2O3.
Photoperiod/temperature‐sensitive genic male sterility (P/TGMS) is widely applied for improving crop production. Previous investigations using the reversible male sterile (rvms) mutant showed that ...slow development is a general mechanism for restoring fertility to P/TGMS lines in Arabidopsis. In this work, we isolated a restorer of rvms–2 (res3), as the male sterility of rvms–2 was rescued by res3. Phenotype analysis and molecular cloning show that a point mutation in UPEX1 l in res3 leads to delayed secretion of callase A6 from the tapetum to the locule and tetrad callose wall degradation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the tapetal transcription factor ABORTED MICROSPORES directly regulates UPEX1 expression, revealing a pathway for tapetum secretory function. Early degradation of the callose wall in the transgenic line eliminated the fertility restoration effect of res3. The fertility of multiple known P/TGMS lines with pollen wall defects was also restored by res3. We propose that the remnant callose wall may broadly compensate for the pollen wall defects of P/TGMS lines by providing protection for pollen formation. A cellular mechanism is proposed to explain how slow development restores the fertility of P/TGMS lines in Arabidopsis.
During pollen development, a temporary callose wall is essential for normal pollen wall formation and male fertility; delayed degradation of this callose wall facilitates the restoration of fertility in photoperiod/temperaturesensitive genic male sterile Arabidopsis.
BackgroundAlthough only a few patients with severe mental disorders (SMD) can commit violent behaviour in the community, violent behaviour aggravates the stigma towards patients with SMD. ...Understanding the subtypes of violent behaviour may be beneficial for preventing violent behaviour among patients with SMD, but it has rarely been studied.MethodsThis longitudinal study investigated 1914 patients with SMD in the community at baseline, and the follow-up period ranged from February 2021 to August 2021. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version-11, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, the Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale, the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire and the MacArthur Community Violence Instrument were used at baseline. The Modified Overt Aggression Scale was used to assess the occurrence of violent behaviour (outcome) during the follow-up period. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Latent class analysis was used to characterise the subtypes of patients with SMD who engaged in violent behaviour at follow-up.ResultsWe found that 7.2% of patients with SMD presented violent behaviour within six months in the community. Younger age (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96-1.00, p = 0.016) and no economic source (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.10–2.33, p = 0.014) were risk factors for violent behaviour. Patients with SMD who engaged in violent behaviour could be classified into three subtypes: one class characterised by a history of violence and impulsivity, another class characterised by high levels of aggression and motor impulsivity, and the last class characterised by median cognitive impulsivity.ConclusionsSocio-demographic factors were risk factors for violent behaviour among patients with SMD, which could eliminate the discrimination toward this group. Impulsivity played a vital role in identifying the three subtypes of patients with SMD who engaged in violent behaviour. These findings may be helpful for the development of a personalised violence risk management plan for patients with SMD who commit violent behaviour in the community.
The development of sorbents for flue gas desulfurization in a dry mode is essential to control emission of sulfur dioxide. Based on the novel concept of "treating waste with waste", a low-cost and ...highly activated calcium-based sorbent (ACS) was prepared using coal fly ash, CaO and waste gypsum as the raw materials
via
the one-step incipient wetness impregnation method. Based on characterization using scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption, the ACS possessed a fibrous and netted structure with high porosity, which improved SO
2
adsorption greatly. The SO
2
adsorption capacity of ACS with coal fly ash/CaO/CaSO
4
= 1/2/1 was high, up to 44.26 mg g
−1
, with 100% removal efficiency at 150 °C. In the absence of O
2
, SO
2
was rapidly adsorbed on the sorbent to form CaSO
3
according to
in situ
DRIFTS analysis, while when O
2
was present in the flue gas, SO
2
/SO
3
2−
tended to be oxidized into SO
4
2−
species. Moreover, the presence of NO can further enhance the SO
2
adsorption capacity of the ACS due to the formation of adsorbed NO
2
or nitrate species with strong oxidizing properties. Therefore, the ACS can be considered as a sustainable sorbent with the advantage of employing fly ash for the removal of sulfur dioxide.
The development of sorbents for flue gas desulfurization in a dry mode is essential to control emission of sulfur dioxide.
Magnesium (Mg) is an abundant and important cation in cells. Plants rely on Mg transporters to take up Mg from the soil, and then Mg is transported to anthers and other organs. Here, we showed that
...plants display reduced fertility, while
plants are fertile.
is expressed in the anther at the early stages. Pollen mitosis and intine formation are impaired in aborted pollen grains (PGs) of
plants, which is similar to the defective pollen observed in
and
mutants. These results suggest that Mg deficiency leads to pollen abortion in
plants. Our data showed that
organs including buds develop significantly slower and
stamens accumulate a higher level of Mg, compared with wild-type (WT) and
plants. These results indicate that slower bud development allows
to accumulate sufficient amounts of Mg in the pollen, explaining why
is fertile. Furthermore, we found that
can restore fertility of
, which has been reported to be male sterile due to defects in Mg transport from the tapetum to microspores and that an additional Mg supply can restore its fertility. Interestingly,
fertility is recovered when grown under short photoperiod conditions, which is a well-known factor regulating plant fertility. Taken together, these results demonstrate that slow development is a general mechanism to restore
s fertility, which allows other redundant magnesium transporter (MGT) members to transport sufficient Mg for pollen formation.
Inorganic–organic hybrid halide perovskite MAPbI3 (MA = CH3NH3) has attracted much attention because of its suitable band gap and strong visible-light absorption ability. However, intrinsic Pb ...toxicity and poor stability have hindered its further application in photovoltaic devices. Recently, Cs-based inorganic double perovskites with good stability and prominent light absorption have drawn substantial interest. Here, we have systematically investigated the electronic and optical properties of lead-free double perovskite Cs2MM′Br6 (M = Cu, Ag, and Au; M′ = Ga, In, Sb, and Bi) from first-principles calculations. Our results indicate that candidates have high stability against decomposition. The absorption coefficient of all double perovskites in the visible-light region can reach ∼105 cm–1. Direct band gaps (∼1.47 eV of Cs2AgInBr6 and ∼1.37 eV of Cs2AgGaBr6) are close to the optimal value (1.34 eV) requested by the Shockley–Queisser limit. The spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (∼31.9% of Cs2AgInBr6 and ∼32.45% of Cs2AgGaBr6) can be obtained at the thickness of 1.5 μm. The electron mobility in Cs2AgGaBr6 is up to 160.8 cm2 V–1 s–1, similar to that of MAPbI3 (165 cm2 V–1 s–1). Our studies provide a helpful guide to designing excellent lead-free absorber layers and give a new insight into the nature of double perovskites for developing novel optoelectronic devices for renewable solar energy utilization.
Let
R
P
be the one point extension of a
k
-algebra
R
by a projective
R
-module
P
. We prove that the extension of a complete ideal cotorsion pair in
R
-Mod is still a complete ideal cotorsion pair ...in
R
P
-Mod. As an application, it is obtainable that the operation (−)
m
P
satisfies the so-called distributive law relating the operations of products and extensions of ideals under appropriate conditions.
Volcano curves have proven to be particularly useful in new catalyst design in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. On the other hand, the further enhancement of the performance of the optimal ...catalyst for a given reaction is inherently limited by the Sabatier principle. In this work, microkinetic analysis has been carried out to examine the adsorption and catalytic behaviors of single-atom-doped Ga2O3 catalysts in propane dehydrogenation (PDH), which shows that the volcano-shaped activity plot can be broken through by Lewis acid–base interactions, making it possible to achieve better catalytic performance than that of the most active catalyst lying near the summit of the volcano. The reasoning behind this finding is that the presence of the Lewis acid–base interaction over metal-oxide surfaces may strengthen the coadsorption of a pair of amphoteric species at the M–O site, resulting in distinctly different chemisorption energy and transition state energy scaling relations. As a result, the formation energies of H&H coadsorption at the M–O site and H adsorption on top of O are identified as two different reactivity descriptors in the presence and absence of the Lewis acid–base interaction, respectively, with the resulting activity plots exhibiting a straight-line and a volcano-curve pattern. Further experiments verify that the theoretically predicted catalyst candidate Ir1–Ga2O3 is more effective than the previously reported trace-Pt-promoted Ga2O3 catalyst, which opens up a new way to the rational design of metal-oxide catalysts for the PDH process.
Child maltreatment can increase the risk of lifetime non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal self-injury (SSI), but there is limited knowledge regarding the differences of potentially ...psychological mechanisms between NSSI with and without SSI.
Participants, 3918 community-based Chinese young men aged 18–34 years in Chengdu, were included in this study. We investigated the association between depression, anxiety, psychosis, child maltreatment, adulthood traumatic events, impulsivity, alcohol dependence, drug abuse, and lifetime of NSSI among participants with and without SSI. Parallel mediation analysis was utilized to explore the mediators for the relation between child maltreatment and NSSI.
The prevalence of lifetime NSSI was 6.1 % (95 % CI: 5.4 %–6.9 %) among young men. Anxiety and impulsivity partially mediated the effect of child maltreatment on NSSI either with (indirect effect: 51.2 %) or without SSI (indirect effect: 34.3 %). Depression was independently and significantly associated with only NSSI but not with NSSI+SSI. Alcohol dependence and psychosis were independently and significantly associated with NSSI+SSI and mediated the effect of child maltreatment on NSSI+SSI.
The cross-sectional survey data limits the robustness of the proof to the causal relationships.
Anxiety and impulsivity are associated with NSSI either with or without SSI and partially mediate the effect of child maltreatment on NSSI. Depression is associated with only NSSI, while alcohol dependence and psychosis are only associated with NSSI+SSI. It could be crucial to improve treatment and recovery of alcohol dependence and psychosis for preventing young men engaged in NSSI from attempting SSI.
•Anxiety and impulsivity mediated the relation between child maltreatment and NSSI among young men.•Depression was associated with only NSSI, but not associated with NSSI+SSI.•Alcohol dependence and psychosis mediated the relation between child maltreatment and NSSI+SSI among young men.
Background Few studies have explored the associated factors of attitudes of nonpsychiatric nurses towards mental disorders. Therefore, this study is aimed to evaluate the attitudes of nonpsychiatric ...nurses towards mental disorders and especially explore the association between psychiatric clinical practice and these attitudes. Methods A total of 1324 nonpsychiatric nurses and students majoring in nursing were recruited through an online questionnaire from December 2021 to March 2022 in Sichuan Province, China. Demographic information, personal care experience, psychiatric nursing education and the Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI) were collected. A higher score indicates a stigmatizing attitude in the authoritarianism and social restrictiveness (SR) subscales and a positive attitude in the benevolence and community mental health ideology (CMHI) subscales. Multivariate linear regression was employed to analyze associated factors of attitudes towards mental disorders, and hierarchical linear regression was used to analyze the association between psychiatric clinical practice and the attitudes towards mental disorders. Results Under the control of confounders, high education level, long residence in urban and personal care experience were positively correlated with score of authoritarianism and SR ( p < 0.05), and negatively correlated with score of benevolence ( p < 0.05). Long residence in urban and personal care experience were negatively correlated with score of CMHI ( p < 0.05). Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting for demographic information, psychiatric clinical practice was associated with lower score of benevolence (B = -0.09, 95%CI = -0.17 ~ -0.003, p = 0.043) and CMHI (B = -0.09, 95%CI = -0.17 ~ -0.01, p = 0.027), but the initial associations between psychiatric clinical practice and authoritarianism, SR disappeared. Conclusions High education level, long residence in urban, personal care experience and the psychiatric clinical practice were associated with the discrimination of nonpsychiatric nurses towards mental disorders. Further exploring practical strategies to optimize the psychiatric clinical practice experience of nonpsychiatric nurses could help improve their attitudes towards mental disorders.
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