With the rapid development of Earth observation technology, very-high-resolution (VHR) images from various satellite sensors are more available, which greatly enrich the data source of change ...detection (CD). Multisource multitemporal images can provide abundant information on observed landscapes with various physical and material views, and it is exigent to develop efficient techniques to utilize these multisource data for CD. In this article, we propose a novel and general deep siamese convolutional multiple-layers recurrent neural network (RNN) (SiamCRNN) for CD in multitemporal VHR images. Superior to most VHR image CD methods, SiamCRNN can be used for both homogeneous and heterogeneous images. Integrating the merits of both convolutional neural network (CNN) and RNN, SiamCRNN consists of three subnetworks: deep siamese convolutional neural network (DSCNN), multiple-layers RNN (MRNN), and fully connected (FC) layers. The DSCNN has a flexible structure for multisource image and is able to extract spatial-spectral features from homogeneous or heterogeneous VHR image patches. The MRNN stacked by long-short term memory (LSTM) units is responsible for mapping the spatial-spectral features extracted by DSCNN into a new latent feature space and mining the change information between them. In addition, FC, the last part of SiamCRNN, is adopted to predict change probability. The experimental results in two homogeneous data sets and one challenging heterogeneous VHR images data set demonstrate that the promising performances of the proposed network outperform several state-of-the-art approaches.
To evaluate current status of prostate cancer incidence and mortality worldwide, and compare the global trends of incidence and mortality in the past two decades and in the most recent period.
Data ...on the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer for 174 countries in 2020 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database, and associations with the human development index (HDI) were evaluated. Data for trend analyses in 89 countries from 2000 to 2019 were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 platform. Age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and mortality rate (ASMR) were calculated by using the Segi's population. The average annual percent changes (AAPC) of ASIRs and ASMRs were evaluated by joinpoint regression analysis.
A total of 1 414 259 new cases of prostate cancer and 375 304 related deaths were reported in 2020 globally. HDI was positively correlated with ASIRs (
< 0.001) and negatively correlated with ASMRs (
< 0.001). In the past two decades, ASIRs have been increasing in 65 countries, stable in 15 countries and decreasing in 9 countries, and ASMRs have been increasing in 19 countries, stable in 25 countries and decreasing in 45 countries, respectively. In the most recent period, 44 countries have increasing ASIRs, and 32 countries have decreasing ASMRs, respectively. For instance, in the United States of America, the AAPC of ASIRs significantly decreased by 0.62% and ASMRs significantly decreased by 1.22% from 2000 to 2019, while the AAPC from 2015 to 2019 significantly increased by 0.49% for ASIRs and significantly increased by 0.48% for ASMRs.
The magnitude of increasing incidence and decreasing mortality of prostate cancer is attenuated in the recent period. Further study is needed to analyze the absolute effect of risk factors, PSA screening and treatment.
The most outstanding and influential composer of the Viennese classical school is Mozart, and the Piano Sonata in D Major (KV.576) is Mozart's last sonata, written in 1789. This paper will mainly ...focus on the first movement of KV.576, analysing it in detail from the compositional background, the period background, the performance technique, and the perception of the performance. KV.576 achieves balance and harmony by contrasting composition, theme, and texture. Instead of following the traditional style, Mozart's music reinterprets the new music with the vocabulary of the time to realize the aesthetic ideal of classical music.
•Organic solvents lack therapeutic beneficial effects. Limits control is a necessary process to prevent toxic side effects.•The limits control method for Cefepime provides advantages of short ...analysis time, high sensitivity and good accuracy.
To establish a headspace gas chromatography method to determine the residual solvents of methanol, acetone, dichloromethane, and toluene in cefepime.
Headspace gas chromatography using a DB-624 capillary column and temperature program was performed to detect four residual solvents in cefepime. The temperature program consisted of an initial temperature of 60 ℃maintained for 4 min, a temperature increased to 120 ℃ at 20 ℃·min−1 maintained for 3 min, and then a temperature increased to 200 ℃ at 40 ℃·min−1 maintained for 3 min.
Linear relationships were found between the peak areas and mass concentrations of the four solvents mentioned above within the defined ranges. The limits of detection for methanol, acetone, dichloromethane and toluene were 0.50, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.08 mg·L-1, respectively. The recoveries obtained using the standard addition method ranged from 98.41 % to 100.94 %.
This method demonstrated high sensitivity and good reproducibility, and it can be used to effectively control the residual amounts of methanol, acetone, dichloromethane, and toluene, to further improve the quality of cefepime.
Advances in solid state white lighting technologies witness the explosive development of phosphor materials (down-conversion luminescent materials). A large amount of evidence has demonstrated the ...revolutionary role of the emerging nitride phosphors in producing superior white light-emitting diodes for lighting and display applications. The structural and compositional versatility together with the unique local coordination environments enable nitride materials to have compelling luminescent properties such as abundant emission colors, controllable photoluminescence spectra, high conversion efficiency, and small thermal quenching/degradation. Here, we summarize the state-of-art progress on this novel family of luminescent materials and discuss the topics of materials discovery, crystal chemistry, structure-related luminescence, temperature-dependent luminescence, and spectral tailoring. We also overview different types of nitride phosphors and their applications in solid state lighting, including general illumination, backlighting, and laser-driven lighting. Finally, the challenges and outlooks in this type of promising down-conversion materials are highlighted.
A procedure on palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative reaction of trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides and nitro compounds for the construction of pharmaceutically valuable ...2‐(trifluoromethyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones has been achieved. In this transformation, Mo(CO)6 has been used both as a convenient CO source and a reducing reagent. This newly developed protocol is compatible with various nitro compounds and can be readily scaled up to 1 mmol scale.
Cadmium (Cd) is a biologically non-essential and toxic heavy metal leaking to the environment via natural emission or anthropogenic activities, thereby contaminating crops and threatening human ...health. Metallothioneins (MTs) are a group of metal-binding proteins playing critical roles in metal allocation and homeostasis. In this study, we identified a novel function of OsMT1e from rice plants. OsMT1e was dominantly expressed in roots at all developmental stages and, to less extent, expressed in leaves at vegetative and seed filling stages. OsMT1e was mainly targeted to the nucleus and substantially induced by Cd exposure. Expression of OsMT1e in a yeast Cd-sensitive strain ycf1 conferred cellular tolerance to Cd, even though the ycf1 + OsMT1e cells accumulated more Cd than the control cells (ycf1 + pYES2). Both transgenic rice overexpressing (OX) and repressing OsMT1e by RNA interference (RNAi) were developed. Phenotypic analysis revealed that OsMT1e overexpression enhanced the rice growth concerning the increased shoot or root elongation, dry weight and chlorophyll contents, whereas the RNAi lines displayed a sensitive growth phenotype compared to wild-type. Assessment with 0.5, 2 and 10 μM Cd for two weeks revealed that the RNAi lines accumulated less Cd, while the OX lines had an increased Cd accumulation in root and shoot tissues. The contrasting Cd accumulation phenotypes between the OX and RNAi lines were further confirmed by a long-term study with 0.5 μM Cd for one month. Overall, the study unveiled a new function of OsMT1e in rice, which can be potentially used for engineering genotypes for phytoremediation or minimizing Cd in rice crops.
•OsMT1e was mainly expressed in roots and sufficiently induced by Cd exposure.•OsMT1e was localized to the nucleus.•OsMT1e expression in yeast cells coffered tolerance to Cd.•OsMT1e overexpression improved rice growth under Cd stress.•OsMT1e was useful for phytoremediation or developing lower Cd level of genotypes.
The platooning of automated vehicles has the potential to significantly benefit road traffic. This paper presents a distributed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{H}_{\mathrm {\infty ...}} </tex-math></inline-formula> control method for multi-vehicle systems with identical dynamic controllers and rigid formation geometry. After compensating for the powertrain nonlinearity, the node dynamics in a platoon is mathematically described by a multiplicative uncertainty model. The platoon control system is then decomposed into an uncertain part and a diagonal nominal system through linear transformation and eigenvalue decomposition of the information-exchange-topology matrix. Robust stability, string stability, and distance tracking performance of the designed platoons are analyzed theoretically under the decoupled <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{H}_{\mathrm {\infty }} </tex-math></inline-formula> framework. A comparative simulation with non-robust controllers is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
In this study, the modified fractal gas dynamics model (GDM) with variable coefficients is successfully represented using the fractal derivative. We obtain the fractal variational principle of the ...modified fractal GDM by employing the fractal semi‐inverse method. Based on the established fractal variational principle, a new and fascinating algorithm is presented to solve the fractal model, which is called fractal two‐scale variational method (FTSVM). Finally, two numerical examples are given to indicate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The FTSVM sheds a new light on the fractal differential equations.
In this study, the modified fractal gas dynamics model (GDM) with variable coefficients is successfully represented using the fractal derivative. We obtain the fractal variational principle of the modified fractal GDM by employing the fractal semi‐inverse method. Based on the established fractal variational principle, a new and fascinating algorithm is presented to solve the fractal model, which is called fractal two‐scale variational method (FTSVM). Finally, two numerical examples are given to indicate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The FTSVM sheds a new light on the fractal differential equations.
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