The current research of state of charge (SoC) online estimation of lithium-ion battery (LiB) in electric vehicles (EVs) mainly focuses on adopting or improving of battery models and estimation ...filters. However, little attention has been paid to the accuracy of various open circuit voltage (OCV) models for correcting the SoC with aid of the ampere-hour counting method. This paper presents a comprehensive comparison study on eighteen OCV models which cover the majority of models used in literature. The low-current OCV tests are conducted on the typical commercial LiFePO
4
/graphite (LFP) and LiNiMnCoO
2
/graphite (NMC) cells to obtain the experimental OCV-SoC curves at different ambient temperature and aging stages. With selected OCV and SoC points from experimental OCV-SoC curves, the parameters of each OCV model are determined by curve fitting toolbox of MATLAB 2013. Then the fitting OCV-SoC curves based on diversified OCV models are also obtained. The indicator of root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the experimental data and fitted data is selected to evaluate the adaptabilities of these OCV models for their main features, advantages, and limitations. The sensitivities of OCV models to ambient temperatures, aging stages, numbers of data points, and SoC regions are studied for both NMC and LFP cells. Furthermore, the influences of these models on SoC estimation are discussed. Through a comprehensive comparison and analysis on OCV models, some recommendations in selecting OCV models for both NMC and LFP cells are given.
In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) are attracting an increasing amount of researchers’ attention, as accumulating studies show that miRNAs play important roles in various basic biological processes ...and that dysregulation of miRNAs is connected with diverse human diseases, particularly cancers. However, the experimental methods to identify associations between miRNAs and diseases remain costly and laborious. In this study, we developed a computational method named Network Distance Analysis for MiRNA‐Disease Association prediction (NDAMDA) which could effectively predict potential miRNA‐disease associations. The highlight of this method was the use of not only the direct network distance between 2 miRNAs (diseases) but also their respective mean network distances to all other miRNAs (diseases) in the network. The model's reliable performance was certified by the AUC of 0.8920 in global leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV), 0.8062 in local LOOCV and the average AUCs of 0.8935 ± 0.0009 in fivefold cross‐validation. Moreover, we applied NDAMDA to 3 different case studies to predict potential miRNAs related to breast neoplasms, lymphoma, oesophageal neoplasms, prostate neoplasms and hepatocellular carcinoma. Results showed that 86%, 72%, 86%, 86% and 84% of the top 50 predicted miRNAs were supported by experimental association evidence. Therefore, NDAMDA is a reliable method for predicting disease‐related miRNAs.
The fast‐growing amount of data that is produced every year creates an urgent need for ultracapacity storage media. However, 2D spatial resolution in the conventional optical data storage media has ...almost reached the limit. Further enlargement of storage capacity may rely on the development of the next‐generation data storage materials containing multiplexed information dimensions. Herein, a series of novel deep‐trap persistent luminescence materials (Sr1‐xBax)Si2O2N2:Eu/Yb,Dy with multicolor emissions in the whole visible region is developed and demonstrated a bit‐by‐bit optical data storage and readout strategy based on photon trapping and detrapping processes in these materials. Optical data can be handily encoded on a flexible film by a commercially available 405 nm laser and decoded by heating or by 980 nm laser scanning. The decoded information contains tunable spectral characteristics, which allows for the emission–intensity–multiplexing or emission–wavelength–multiplexing. The storage and readout strategy not only shows a great promise in the application of multidimensional rewritable optical data storage, but also opens new opportunities for advanced display technology and information security system.
A bit‐by‐bit optical data storage and readout strategy based on photon trapping and detrapping processes in deep‐trap persistent luminescence materials is demonstrated in this study. The readout information contains tunable spectral characteristics, allowing for the emission–intensity–multiplexing or emission–wavelength–multiplexing, which may greatly enlarge the storage capacity in multidimensional data storage systems.
Background/Aims: Programmed death ligand1(PD-L1) plays a role in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to identify miRNA(s) that are responsible for ...regulation of expression of PD-L1 in NSCLC, and to investigate the role of PD-L1 in regulation of the cell cycle in NSCLC. Methods: We predicted the target miRNA of PD-L1, which was miR-140, using the online tools TargetScan and miBase. In NSCLC cells obtained from clinical specimens, in addition to A549 and NCI-H1650 cell cultures, western blots were used to detect the level of expression of proteins, while real-time PCR was used to determine the level of expression of PD-L1, miR-140, cyclin E, and β-actin. Transfection with miR-140 mimics, miR-140 inhibitors, and PD-L1 siRNA were conducted using commercial kits. To determine whether miR-140 directly binds PD-L1, a luciferase reporter gene with wild type or mutated PD-L1 was used. Cell viability was measured with the MTT assay, and PI staining was used for cell cycle analysis. Results: We found low expression of miR-140 and high expression of PD-L1 and cyclin E in NSCLC cells. Over-expression of miR-140 suppressed the expression of PD-L1 by directly binding its 3’ UTR, and was also associated with decreased expression of cyclin E and inhibition of cellular proliferation in A549 and NCI-H1650 cells. Inhibition of PD-L1, in the absence of manipulations to miR-140, also decreased the expression of cyclin E. Conclusion: We conclude that miR-140 directly suppresses PD-L1 and inhibits the miR-140/PD-L1/cyclin E pathway in NSCLC.
In this work, a fractal nonlinear oscillator is successfully established by fractal derivative in a fractal space, and its variational principle is obtained by semi-inverse transform method. The ...variational principle can provide conservation laws in an energy form. The approximate frequency of the fractal oscillator is found by a simple fractal frequency formula. An example shows the fractal frequency formula is a powerful and simple tool to fractal oscillators.
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) that afflicts millions of individuals worldwide is associated with deposits of aggregate-prone proteins (e.g., α-synuclein) and with mitochondrial dysfunction ...in neuronal cells. Mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species, provide energy for neuronal cells, and are regarded as dynamic organelles that are determined by mitochondrial fission, fusion, and mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Growing evidence reveals that several dynamics-related proteins, such as dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mediate mitochondrial fission, fusion, and mitophagy, to protect against neurodegeneration in PD. More importantly, not only is Drp1-mediated fission required for mitophagy that exerts a protective effect on neurons, but abnormal mitochondrial fission and mitophagy can drive neuronal survival or cell death (i.e., autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis), suggesting that Drp1 may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PD. Also, PD-related proteins such as α-synuclein, leucine-rich repeat kinase-2, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1, and Parkin have been proven to interact with Drp1, thus contributing to mitochondrial dynamics and clearance, as well as neuronal fate. Here, we review the roles of Drp1 in mitochondrial fission, dynamics, mitophagy, bulk autophagy, apoptosis, and necroptosis for a better understanding of mitochondrial disturbances in PD-associated neurodegeneration and summarize the advances of novel chemical compounds targeting Drp1 to provide new insight into potential PD therapies.
The platooning of connected and automated vehicles has the potential to significantly benefit the road traffic, including enhancing highway safety, improving traffic capacity, and reducing fuel ...consumption. This paper presents a four-component analysis framework for platoon systems from a networked control perspective, including a literature review by network awareness, unified models of key components, and two application cases for controller synthesis. The networked control perspective naturally decomposes a platoon into four interrelated components, namely, 1) node dynamics (ND), 2) information flow topology (IFT), 3) formation geometry (FG), and 4) distributed controller (DC). The existing literature is categorized under this framework and analyzed according to the component features. The unified mathematical models are derived for platoons with linear dynamics and distributed controllers. As a case study, a distributed controller synthesis method is introduced for homogeneous platoons, which guarantees the internal stability in the presence of a broad class of topologies with/without uniform time-delays. The effectiveness is demonstrated by numerical simulations.
This study reports a new process to prepare corncob hemicellulose hydrolysate through high temperature steaming (HTS) for xylitol bioconversion by adapted
Candida tropicalis. Under the optimal ...corncob hydrolysis conditions of 160
°C and 120
min, the maximum xylose yield was more than 20%. The optimal fermentative parameters from the HTS hydrolysate is as follows: initial xylose concentration of 140
g
l
−1, initial pH 6.0, initial cell concentration of 1.2
g
l
−1 and 30
°C using a two-step dissolved oxygen process with a rotary shaker speed at 200
rpm for the first 24–26
h and then at 150
rpm until 48
h of fermentation. The highest xylitol yield (71.4%) and volumetric productivity (2.12
g
l
−1
h
−1) were obtained from the HTS hydrolysate, which were 158% and 149%, respectively, higher than the results obtained from the acid hydrolysate. Additionally, the amount of inhibitors produced by the HTS hydrolysis and the burden of ion exchange purification after fermentation with HTS hydrolysate were much lower compared with the acid hydrolysate. Therefore, fermentation with corncob HTS hydrolysate is an environmentally friendly and efficient method to produce xylitol, demonstrating a wide potential application in xylitol bioconversion.
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