Drawing a discriminative pattern in quantitative datasets is often represented to return a high utility pattern (HUP). The traditional methods output patterns with a utility above a pre-given ...threshold. Nevertheless, the current user-centered algorithm requires outputting the results in a timely manner to strengthen the interaction between the mining system and users. Pattern sampling can return results with a probability guarantee in a short time, and it could be a candidate technology to mine such discriminative patterns. In this paper, a novel approach named HUPSampler is proposed to sample one potential HUP, which is extracted with probability significance according to its utility in the database. HUPSampler introduces an interval constraint on the length of HUP and randomly extracts an integer k according to the utility proportion firstly; then, the HUPs could be obtained efficiently from a random tree by using a pattern growth way, and finally, it returns a HUP of length k randomly. The experimental study shows that HUPSampler is efficient in regard to memory usage, runtime, and utility distribution. In addition, case studies show that HUPSampler can be significantly used in analyzing the COVID-19 epidemic by identifying critical locations.
We analyze five big data sets from a variety of online social networking (OSN) systems and find that the growth dynamics of meme popularity exhibit characteristically different behaviors. For ...example, there is linear growth associated with online recommendation and sharing platforms, a plateaued (or an "S"-shape) type of growth behavior in a web service devoted to helping users to collect bookmarks, and an exponential increase on the largest and most popular microblogging website in China. Does a universal mechanism with a common set of dynamical rules exist, which can explain these empirically observed, distinct growth behaviors? We provide an affirmative answer in this paper. In particular, inspired by biomimicry to take advantage of cell population growth dynamics in microbial ecology, we construct a base growth model for meme popularity in OSNs. We then take into account human factors by incorporating a general model of human interest dynamics into the base model. The final hybrid model contains a small number of free parameters that can be estimated purely from data. We demonstrate that our model is universal in the sense that, with a few parameters estimated from data, it can successfully predict the distinct meme growth dynamics. Our study represents a successful effort to exploit principles in biology to understand online social behaviors by incorporating the traditional microbial growth model into meme popularity. Our model can be used to gain insights into critical issues such as classification, robustness, optimization, and control of OSN systems.
The perennial grass
(common sandbur) is an invasive species that grows in arid and semi-arid regions due to its remarkable phenotypic plasticity, which confers the ability to withstand drought and ...other forms of abiotic stress. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in common sandbur could lead to the development of new strategies for the protection of natural and agricultural environments from this weed. To determine the molecular basis of drought tolerance in
, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to identify proteins differing in abundance between roots growing in normal soil and roots subjected to moderate or severe drought stress. The analysis of these proteins revealed that drought tolerance in
primarily reflects the modulation of core physiological activities such as protein synthesis, transport and energy utilization as well as the accumulation of flavonoid intermediates and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Accordingly, plants subjected to drought stress accumulated sucrose, fatty acids, and ascorbate, shifted their redox potential (as determined by the NADH/NAD ratio), accumulated flavonoid intermediates at the expense of anthocyanins and lignin, and produced less actin, indicating fundamental reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Our results show that
responds to drought stress by coordinating multiple metabolic pathways along with other adaptations. It is likely that the underlying metabolic plasticity of this species plays a key role in its invasive success, particularly in semi-arid and arid environments.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and include a group of disorders varying from vasculature, myocardium, arrhythmias and cardiac ...development. MicroRNAs (miRs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs with 18-23 nucleotides that regulate gene expression. The miR-34 family, including miR-34a/b/c, plays a vital role in the regulation of myocardial physiology and pathophysiological processes. Recently, miR-34a has been implicated in cardiovascular fibrosis, dysfunction and related cardiovascular disorders as an essential regulator. Interestingly, there is a pivotal link among miR-34a, cardiovascular fibrosis, and Smad4/TGF-β1 signaling. Notably, both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches identified the critical roles of miR-34a in cardiovascular apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, senescence and remodeling by modulating multifunctional signaling pathways. In this article, we focus on the current understanding of miR-34a in biogenesis, its biological effects and its implications for cardiac pathologies including myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischaemia reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Thus, further understanding of the effects of miR-34a on cardiovascular diseases will aid the development of effective interventions. Targeting for miR-34a has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular dysfunction and related diseases.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the therapeutic effect of theabrownin extracted from Qingzhuan tea (QTB) on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease (MASLD) is ...related to the regulation of intestinal microbiota and its metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Mice were divided into four groups and received normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD+QTB (180, 360 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The results showed that QTB significantly reduced the body weight of HFD mice, ameliorated liver lipid and dyslipidemia, and increased the level of intestinal SCFAs in HFD mice. The results of 16 S rRNA showed that the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Blautia and Lachnoclostridium and their main metabolites acetate and propionate were significantly increased after QTB intervention. The relative abundance of Colidextribacter, Faecalibaculum and Lactobacillus was significantly reduced. QTB can also significantly up-regulate the expression of ATGL, PPARα, FFAR2 and FFAR3, and inhibit the expression of LXRα, SREBP-1c, FAS and HMGCR genes. This makes it possible to act as a prebiotic to prevent MASLD.
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•The therapeutic effect of theabrownin on MASLD was demonstrated.•Regulating intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in mice.•The SCFAs receptors may be potential therapeutic targets for MASLD.
The frequency of intratympanic (IT) steroid injection varies from once daily to once weekly or less among studies and does not reach a uniform standard. This study investigated the potential ...association between the number of IT steroid injections and hearing recovery to determine the optimal number in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) patients. A retrospective study involving 233 SSNHL patients receiving IT steroids plus batroxobin within 7 days of onset was performed. Patients were followed up for 3 months. More than 15 dB of HL improvement in the pretreatment pure tone average (PTA) was defined as effective. The effective group had a higher IT injection numbers than the ineffective group (≥ 6 times: 84.6 vs. 61.1,
< 0.001). Regardless of the unadjusted model or adjusted model, patients who received more frequent IT steroid injections seemed more likely to recover hearing (unadjusted model, OR, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.06-1.48;
= 0.007; adjusted model, OR, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.01-1.45;
= 0.044). Six IT injections had the highest rate of hearing recovery (79.1%). In conclusion, IT injection number was an independent factor that was positively associated with hearing recovery, and the optimal number of IT steroid injections was 6. Batroxobin plus higher number of IT steroid injections showed more effective for treating SSNHL.
AIM to determine whether diabetes mellitus(DM) affects prognosis/recurrence after liver transplantation(Lt) for hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS A retrospective ...study was conducted between January 2000 and August 2013 on 1631 patients with HBV-related HCC who underwent Lt with antiviral prophylaxis. Patient data were obtained from the China Liver transplant Registry(https://www.cltr.org/). to compare the outcomes and tumor recurrence in the HBV-related HCC patients with or without DM, statistical analyses were conducted using χ2 tests, Mann-Whitney tests, the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank tests and multivariate step-wise Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Univariate analysis of 1631 patients who underwent Lt found overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of 79%, 73% and 71% respectively in the DM patients, and 84%, 78% and 76% in the non-DM patients respectively. Overall survival rate differences after Lt between the two groups were significant(P = 0.041), but recurrence-free survival rates were not(P = 0.096). By stratified analysis, the overall survival rates in DM patients for age > 50 years(P = 0.002), the presence of vascular invasion(P = 0.096), tumors ≤ 3 cm(P = 0.047), two to three tumor nodules(P = 0.007), Child-Pugh grade B(P = 0.018), and preLt alanine aminotransferase levels between 40 and 80 IU/L(P = 0.017) were significantly lower than in non-DM patients. Additionally, serum α-fetoprotein level > 2000 ng/m L(P = 0.052) was associated with a significant survival difference trend between DM and non-DM patients. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of DM(P < 0.001, HR = 1.591; 95%CI: 1.239-2.041) was an independent predictor associated with poor survival after Lt. CONCLUSION HBV-related HCC patients with DM have decreased long-term overall survival and poor Lt outcomes. Prevention strategies for HCC patients with DM are recommended.
Feature selection is one of the key steps in object-oriented information extraction. In view of the fact that the separability and threshold (SEaTH), a feature selection method, does not consider the ...discrete degree of eigenvalues, only uses the J-M distance to judge a single feature, there may be strong differences between features, and the inability to effectively determine the limitations of the classification order in practical application. Therefore, the extraction of ground objects cannot achieve the optimal effect, the extraction rules of ground objects are also complex, and the portability of the classification model is still poor. To solve these problems, an improved SEaTH algorithm (optimized SEaTH, OPSEaTH) was developed in this study. First, a feature evaluation index (E) is constructed by OPSEaTH based on J-M distance, which can effectively solve the dispersion of eigenvalues. Further, a feature combination evaluation index (Ce) is constructed based on E value, which can effectively evaluate the
This article investigates state feedback design for achieving almost-sure robust stabilization of randomly switched linear systems whose subsystems are uncontrollable and whose models are subject to ...nonlinear modeling errors due to, for example, linearization. Complex systems are often uncontrollable under a fixed configuration from a single control input. However, when control actions can be used sequentially and collaboratively through different system configurations, stabilization can be potentially achieved. This design problem encounters some fundamental issues that must be resolved, involving mostly suitable coordinated implementations of state decomposition, feedback pole-placement design, usage of stochastic information on the switching process, coupling of controllable and uncontrollable substates, subsystem interactions, and modeling errors. The common state feedback on controllable substates can lead to unstable closed-loop systems, due to substate coupling. A modified control algorithm is introduced that decouples substates and designs feedback gains simultaneously. Further complications arise when subsystem interaction destabilizes the system. Some structural conditions are shown to be essential for achieving almost-sure stabilization. A design procedure that integrates feedback gain selection and switching information is introduced to achieve almost-sure stability for the closed-loop system. Robustness of the design procedure is established. Examples and simulation case studies are presented to illustrate the main algorithms and stabilization properties.
The magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) is solved by Coiflet-based Galerkin's procedure in conjunction with the Floquet theorem for plane wave scattering from a doubly periodic array of sharp ...conducting circular cones. To avoid using intervallic wavelets to handle the boundary truncations, we split the unknown surface current into four components enforcing periodic boundary conditions, so that the standard Coiflets can be employed. Owing to the orthogonality, compact support, continuity and smoothness of the Coiflets, well-conditioned impedance matrices are obtained at the resolution level 5. Majority of the matrix entries are obtained in the spectral domain by one-point quadrature with high precision in O(h 5 ), imposing the Dirac- δ property of the Coiflets. For the self elements and elements associated with the same elevation of the field and source points, z=z', spatial domain computation is applied, bypassing the slow convergence of the spectral summation of the non-damping propagating modes. The simulation results of induced current and far-zone scattering pattern are compared with the solutions from an RWG-MLFMA based commercial software, FEKO, and excellent agreement is observed.
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