Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a reversible treatment for chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc). Its safety and efficacy remain elusive due to the low prevalence of ChAc. We aimed to investigate the safety ...and efficacy of DBS for ChAc by systematically reviewing literature through PubMed and EMBASE. Inclusion criteria were reports on the efficacy or safety of DBS for ChAc and English language articles, and exclusion criteria were other movement disorders, non-human subjects, and studies without original data. Most studies were published as case reports, and we therefore pooled these cases in one cohort. Twenty studies with 34 patients were included. The mean age of symptom onset was 29.3 years (range, 17–48). The median follow-up was 12 months (range, 2–84). Twenty-nine patients underwent GPi-DBS, two received STN-DBS, and one underwent Vop-DBS. Electrodes were implanted into the ventralis oralis complex of the thalamus and the pallidal in two patients. Symptoms seemed to be easier relieved in chorea (88.5%) and dystonia (76.9%) but dysarthria of most patients (85.7%) was no response after DBS. The Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale-Motor Score was used to assess the efficacy of DBS in 25 patients; the mean score decreased from 43.2 to 22.3 and the median improvement rate was 46.7%. Of 24 patients with data on adverse events, complications occurred in 9 patients (37.5%; mostly transient and mild events). DBS is a promising treatment for ChAc with satisfactory efficacy and safety based on the review. Pallidal and thalamic DBS have been applied in ChAc; GPi-DBS seems to be more widely used.
The traditional trial and error method is time-consuming and laborious to study glass forming ability (GFA), so it is necessary to design a fast and accurate method to predict GFA. In this paper, ...four deep learning models of BidiRNN, BidiLSTM, Attention-BidiRNN and Attention-BidiLSTM are constructed by using recurrent neural network (RNN) and Attention mechanism, and the GFA of alloys is directly predicted by element proportion. After model selection and model evaluation through cross-validation, the prediction accuracy of the four models on the test set is 0.727, 0.796, 0.822 and 0.843, respectively, which has good generalization performance. Since amorphous alloys usually have high similarity to similar alloy systems, the attention mechanism can dynamically identify alloys with high similarity to the current prediction task. By weight matching, the feature extraction ability of the model is enhanced, and the prediction accuracy of Attention-BidiRNN and Attention-BidiLSTM is 9.05% and 4.7% higher than that of BidiRNN and BidiLSTM, respectively. Finally, two systems of CuZrAl and CuCeGa are predicted in this paper, and the reliability of the model is verified by experimental data. This realization of predicting GFA only by combination of elements is expected to provide important guidance for the development and preparation of novel amorphous alloys.
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Abstract Purpose The present meta-analysis illustrates the accuracy of myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) to diagnose functional stenotic coronary artery disease (CAD) with fractional flow reserve ...(FFR) as standard reference. Methods All investigators screened and selected studies that compared MPS with FFR in symptomatic patients with suspected CAD. Patients and study characteristics were independently extracted by two investigators; differences were resolved by consensus. Results 13 articles, including 1,017 patients, 699 vessels were included in the study. No significant publication bias was detected ( P = 0.65). At the patient level, the summary sensitivity and specificity were 77% (95% confidence interval CI, 70–83%) and 77% (95%CI, 67–84%) for MPS. Vessel-level pooled sensitivity was 66% (95%CI, 57–74%) and specificity was 81% (95%CI, 70–89%). The overall diagnostic performance of MPS was moderate. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve was 0.83. No study influenced the pooled results larger than 0.03. Conclusions The accuracy between FFR and MPS SPECT was moderate.
Li-rich layered oxide materials have attracted increasing attention because of their high specific capacity（〉250 mAh g-1）. However, these materials typically suffer from poor cycling stability and ...low rate performance. Herein, we propose a facile and novel metal-organic-framework（MOF） shell-derived surface modification strategy to construct NiCo nanodots decorated（5 nm in diameter） carbon-confined Li1.2Mn0.54 Ni0.13Co0.13O2 nanoparticles（LLO@C＆NiCo）. The MOF shell is firstly formed on the surface of as-prepared Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 nanoparticles via low-pressure vapor superassembly and then is in situ converted to the NiCo nanodots decorated carbon shell after subsequent controlled pyrolysis.The obtained LLO@C＆NiCo cathode exhibits enhanced cycling and rate capability with a capacity retention of 95% after 100 cycles at 0.4 C and a high capacity of 159 mAh g-1 at 5 C, respectively, compared with those of LLO（75% and 105 mAh g-1）. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction analyses after cycling demonstrate that the thin C＆NiCo shell can endow LLO with high electronic conductivity and structural stability, indicating the undesired formation of the spinel phase initiated from the particle surface is efficiently suppressed. Therefore, this presented strategy may open a new avenue on the design of high-performance electrode materials for energy storage.
Photomechanical molecular crystals are promising candidates for photoactuators and can potentially be implemented as smart materials in various fields. Here, we synthesized a new molecular crystal, ...(E)-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)acrylaldehyde malononitrile ((E)-NAAM), that can undergo a solid-state 2 + 2 photocycloaddition reaction under visible light (≥400 nm) illumination. (E)-NAAM microcrystals containing symmetric twinned sealed cavities were prepared using a surfactant-mediated crystal seeded growth method. When exposed to light, the hollow microcrystals exhibited robust photomechanical motions, including bending and dramatic directional expansion of up to 43.1% elongation of the original crystal length before fragmentation due to the photosalient effect. The sealed cavities inside the microcrystals could store different aqueous dye solutions for approximately one month and release the solutions instantly upon light irradiation. A unique slow–fast–slow crystal elongation kinematic process was observed, suggesting significant molecular rearrangements during the illumination period, leading to an average anisotropic crystal elongation of 37.0% (±3.8%). The significant molecular structure and geometry changes accompanying the photocycloaddition reaction, which propels photochemistry to nearly 100% completion, also facilitate photomechanical crystal expansion. Our results provide a possible way to rationally design molecular structures and engineer crystal morphologies to promote more interesting photomechanical behaviors.
This paper investigates the H_{\infty} control problem for a class of discrete-time systems with state quantization. Firstly, a state feedback controller is taken into the discrete-time systems in ...this paper. Then, the quantizer considered here is dynamic quantizer, which can be considered to be composed of a dynamic scaling and a static quantizer. The closed loop control system is asymptotically stable and satisfies the H\infty performance index. Furthermore, the closed loop control system can achieve the same the H\infty performance under the dynamic quantizer is taken into consideration. In addition, this paper uses the strategy to design the dynamic parameter of the quantizer which is dependent on some auxiliary scalars. The effectiveness of the controller with the state quantization design method is demonstrated by a simulation example.
