A new infrared pedestrian detection method based on semantic segmentation is proposed. First, an attention model is introduced using traditional semantics to enhance the attention area of the ...pedestrian target. Then, the feature maps before and after enhancement are analyzed, and the multiscale effect is improved. The scale-pooling module operates on the final layer of the convolution output to concatenate the results. Finally, 10 000 independently developed infrared pedestrian images with multiple transformations are used to create semantically segmented datasets. Experimental results show that, compared with traditional methods, the proposed semantic segmentation network model’s detail and multiscale performance is better. The mean intersection-over-union is improved by 5.51%, and the pixel accuracy is improved by 4.75%. This method can be effectively applied to improve infrared pedestrian target detection.
Abstract
Background
Growing evidence has shown that alterations in the gut microbiota composition were associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. However, whether such associations ...reflect causality remains unknown. We aimed to reveal the causal relationships among gut microbiota, metabolites, and neuropsychiatric disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ).
Methods
A two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis was performed by using genetic variants from genome-wide association studies as instrumental variables for gut microbiota, metabolites, AD, MDD, and SCZ, respectively.
Results
We found suggestive associations of host-genetic-driven increase in
Blautia
(OR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.79–0.99;
P
= 0.028) and elevated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (0.96; 0.92–1.00;
P
= 0.034), a downstream product of
Blautia
-dependent arginine metabolism, with a lower risk of AD. Genetically increased
Enterobacteriaceae family
and
Enterobacteriales order
were potentially associated with a higher risk of SCZ (1.09; 1.00–1.18;
P
= 0.048), while
Gammaproteobacteria class
(0.90; 0.83–0.98;
P
= 0.011) was related to a lower risk for SCZ. Gut production of serotonin was potentially associated with an increased risk of SCZ (1.07; 1.00–1.15;
P
= 0.047). Furthermore, genetically increased
Bacilli class
was related to a higher risk of MDD (1.07; 1.02–1.12;
P
= 0.010). In the other direction, neuropsychiatric disorders altered gut microbiota composition.
Conclusions
These data for the first time provide evidence of potential causal links between gut microbiome and AD, MDD, and SCZ. GABA and serotonin may play an important role in gut microbiota-host crosstalk in AD and SCZ, respectively. Further investigations in understanding the underlying mechanisms of associations between gut microbiota and AD, MDD, and SCZ are required.
Carbon emission trading mechanism is an important market-based instrument to address global climate change. The auction ratio and price of carbon emission allowances (CEA) are cores of the carbon ...emission trading mechanism. What combination of CEA auction ratio and auction price is most conducive to carbon emission reduction for emission control enterprises? There are still relatively few studies conducted on this issue, and there is no clear answer from the views of theory and practice. In this paper, the AIM/Enduse model was used to analyze the changes and differences of installed power capacity, power supply, energy consumption and carbon emissions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area (GBA) with different combinations of CEA auction ratios and prices. Moreover, the best pathway of energy transition was explored in the power industry of the GBA, and the best combination of CEA auction ratios and prices was identified in the GBA. The results show that: (1)The carbon emission constraint starts to work only when the auction ratio of CEA is increased to 50% and the auction price is increased to 60 CNY/ton (Scenario p3). When the auction ratio of CEA is 100% and the auction price reaches 120 CNY/ton (Scenario p5), a low-carbon transition of the power sector in the GBA can be achieved. (2) Under scenario p5, the total cost of power transition rises and then falls. And the cost of carbon in the power sector increases exponentially as the auction ratio of CEA and the auction price rise. However, the growth in the cost of power supply is relatively flat, which shows that appropriate carbon trading mechanism can improve the economic benefits of power sectors. With the increase of installed capacity of clean low-carbon energy generation and power supply, as well as the decrease of local power cost in the GBA, the proportion of outsourcing power can be appropriately reduced in the future, with an aim to reduce the external dependence of electricity to ensure the security of energy supply. In the end, it suggests that cities in the GBA should give full play to their regional advantages and establish a unified carbon emission trading market in the GBA as soon as possible. This study provides a theoretical basis for the supplementation and improvement of China's carbon emission trading mechanism.
•What is the best combinations of CEA auction ratios and auction prices in the GBA? This paper gives a clear answer.•The best transition pathway of the power industry under technological progress and carbon trading policy was suggested.•With the decrease of local power cost, the proportion of outsourcing power can be appropriately reduced in the future.•Provides a theoretical basis for the supplementation and improvement of China's carbon emission trading mechanism.
Human 53BP1 is primarily known as a key player in regulating DNA double strand break (DSB) repair choice; however, its involvement in other biological process is less well understood. Here, we report ...a previously uncharacterized function of 53BP1 at heterochromatin, where it undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) with the heterochromatin protein HP1α in a mutually dependent manner. Deletion of 53BP1 results in a reduction in heterochromatin centers and the de-repression of heterochromatic tandem repetitive DNA. We identify domains and residues of 53BP1 required for its LLPS, which overlap with, but are distinct from, those involved in DSB repair. Further, 53BP1 mutants deficient in DSB repair, but proficient in LLPS, rescue heterochromatin de-repression and protect cells from stress-induced DNA damage and senescence. Our study suggests that in addition to DSB repair modulation, 53BP1 contributes to the maintenance of heterochromatin integrity and genome stability through LLPS.
is a globally distributed quarantine plant pest. In a previous study, the
strain BE01 with a strong pathogenic effect on
was identified, and overexpression of the subtilisin-like serine protease ...CJPRB of this strain was found to accelerate the death of
(previous research results). In this study, the active recombinant CJPRB protein was obtained through the
expression system. It was found that CJPRB protein administration to
via infectation, feeding and injection was able to induce changes in protective enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and the expression of immune defense-related genes in
. In particular, CJPRB protein injection induced a more rapid, widespread and intense immune response in
compared to the other two treatment methods. The results suggest that the CJPRB protein may play a role in eliciting a host immune response during infectation by
.
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide. Though improved treatments and prolonged overall survival, breast cancer survivors (BCSs) persistently suffer from various unmet ...supportive care needs (USCNs) throughout the disease. This scoping review aims to synthesize current literature regarding USCNs among BCSs.
This study followed a scoping review framework. Articles were retrieved from Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Medline from inception through June 2023, as well as reference lists of relevant literature. Peer-reviewed journal articles were included if USCNs among BCSs were reported. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were adopted to screen articles' titles and abstracts as well as to entirely assess any potentially pertinent records by two independent researchers. Methodological quality was independently appraised following Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Content analytic approach and meta-analysis were performed for qualitative and quantitative studies respectively. Results were reported according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews.
A total of 10,574 records were retrieved and 77 studies were included finally. The overall risk of bias was low to moderate. The self-made questionnaire was the most used instrument, followed by The Short-form Supportive Care Needs Survey questionnaire (SCNS-SF34). A total of 16 domains of USCNs were finally identified. Social support (74%), daily activity (54%), sexual/intimacy (52%), fear of cancer recurrence/ spreading (50%), and information support (45%) were the top unmet supportive care needs. Information needs and psychological/emotional needs appeared most frequently. The USCNs was found to be significantly associated with demographic factors, disease factors, and psychological factors.
BCSs are experiencing a large number of USCNs in fearing of cancer recurrence, daily activity, sexual/intimacy, psychology and information, with proportions ranging from 45% to 74%. Substantial heterogeneity in study populations and assessment tools was observed. There is a need for further research to identify a standard evaluation tool targeted to USCNs on BCSs. Effective interventions based on guidelines should be formulated and conducted to decrease USCNs among BCSs in the future.
Manganese oxides are highly reactive minerals and influence the geochemical cycling of carbon, nutrients, and numerous metals in natural environments. Natural Mn oxides are believed to be dominantly ...formed by biotic processes. A marine Mn-oxidizing fungus
MnF107 was isolated and characterized in this study. SEM observations show that the Mn oxides are formed on the fungal hyphal surfaces and parts of the hypha are enveloped by Mn oxides. TEM observations show that the Mn oxides have a filamentous morphology and are formed in a matrix of EPS enveloping the fungal cell wall. Mineral phase analysis of the fungal Mn oxides by XRD indicates that it is poorly crystalline. Chemical oxidation state analysis of the fungal Mn oxides confirms that it is predominantly composed of Mn(IV), indicating that Mn(II) has been oxidized to Mn (IV) by the fungus.
Abstract
Gleditsia sinensis
is an endemic species widely distributed in China with high economic and medicinal value. To explore the genomic evolution and phylogenetic relationships of
G. sinensis
, ...the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of
G. sinensis
was sequenced and assembled, which was firstly reported in
Gleditsia
. The mt genome was circular and 594,121 bp in length, including 37 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 19 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and 3 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The overall base composition of the
G. sinensis
mt genome was 27.4% for A, 27.4% for T, 22.6% for G, 22.7% for C. The comparative analysis of PCGs in Fabaceae species showed that most of the ribosomal protein genes and succinate dehydrogenase genes were lost. In addition, we found that the
rps4
gene was only lost in
G. sinensis
, whereas it was retained in other Fabaceae species. The phylogenetic analysis based on shared PCGs of 24 species (22 Fabaceae and 2 Solanaceae) showed that
G. sinensis
is evolutionarily closer to
Senna
species. In general, this research will provide valuable information for the evolution of
G. sinensis
and provide insight into the phylogenetic relationships within the family Fabaceae.
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•The effects ofdifferent ultrasound pretreatment were investigated.•Gelation properties of shrimp surimi pretreated by ultrasound were improved.•Ultrasound promotes the interaction ...and aggregation of MP molecules.•Ultrasound pretreatment promoted the formation of disulfide bonds.•The optimum ultrasound pretreatment was 360 W/20 min according to gel properties.
The effects of different ultrasonic pretreatments (120–600 W, 20 min; 360 W, 10–30 min) on the gel properties of shrimp surimi were investigated. Gel properties and protein functional properties were analysed to clarify the mechanism of action of ultrasound. The gel strength, water holding capacity and surface hydrophobicity of shrimp surimi gel increased initially and then decreased with the increase in ultrasound power or time, but the change in total sulfhydryl content showed the opposite trend, which indicated that proper ultrasound pretreatment could improve the gel properties of shrimp surimi, expand the protein to a greater extent and expose more SH groups and hydrophobic groups. According to scanning electron microscopy observation, ultrasound made shrimp surimi gel form a denser gel network. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that the α-helix content in shrimp surimi gel decreased initially and then increased with the increase of in ultrasound power or time, whereas the change in β-sheet content showed the opposite trend. And the protein was the most stable in 360 W/20 min pretreatment. SDS-PAGE patterns showed that proper ultrasound inhibited the degradation of actin and troponin C. In addition, dynamic rheology illustrated that the G′ values of the ultrasonic pretreatment group were higher than that of the control group, indicating that ultrasound could improve the elasticity and stability of shrimp surimi gel. The results suggested that the shrimp surimi gel pretreated by 360 W/20 min ultrasound showed the best gel properties. Furthermore, the correlation between the indexes affecting the properties of the gel was analyzed. This study provides a new technical means to improve the gel properties of shrimp surimi.
As promising electrode materials in supercapacitors, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention. However, the poor electrical conductivity and the almost exclusively ...microporous structure largely limited the possibility for MOFs to fabricate high-performance electrodes of supercapacitors. To overcome these obstacles, hierarchical porous Zr-MOFs (HP-UiO-66) has been successfully fabricated using bimetallic Zn/Zr MOFs as a precursor, subsequently wiping off Zr-MOFs. When used as electrode materials for supercapacitors, under a current density of 0.2 A g–1, the specific capacitance of the prepared HP-UiO-66 is 849 F g–1, which is 8.36 times higher than the 101.5 F g–1 of bare UiO-66. The clearly enhanced electrochemical performance of HP-UiO-66 was benefited from the advantages of the hierarchical porous structure, the higher specific surface area and pore volume, as well as the sufficient surface defects. Furthermore, an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor based on the HP-UiO-66 and porous carbon could show an energy density of 32 W h kg–1 at a power density of 240 W kg–1. This strategy may offer a versatile idea of tailoring new type of MOFs and opens the possibility of MOFs using in the future high-energy storage device.
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