The present study included 658 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID‐19. Forty‐two (6.4%) out of 658 patients presented with ketosis on admission with no obvious fever or diarrhoea. They had a ...median (interquartile range IQR) age of 47.0 (38.0–70.3) years, and 16 (38.1%) were men. Patients with ketosis were younger (median age 47.0 vs. 58.0 years; P = 0.003) and had a greater prevalence of fatigue (31.0% vs. 10.6%; P < 0.001), diabetes (35.7% vs. 18.5%; P = 0.007) and digestive disorders (31.0% vs. 12.0%; P < 0.001). They had a longer median (IQR) length of hospital stay (19.0 12.8–33.3 vs. 16.0 10.0–24.0 days; P < 0.001) and a higher mortality rate (21.4% vs. 8.9%; P = 0.017). Three (20.0%) out of the 15 patients with diabetic ketosis developed acidosis, five patients (26.7%) with diabetic ketosis died, and one of these (25.0%) presented with acidosis. Two (7.4%) and four (14.3%) of the 27 non‐diabetic ketotic patients developed severe acidosis and died, respectively, and one (25.0%) of these presented with acidosis. This suggests that COVID‐19 infection caused ketosis or ketoacidosis, and induced diabetic ketoacidosis for those with diabetes. Ketosis increased the length of hospital stay and mortality. Meanwhile, diabetes increased the length of hospital stay for patients with ketosis but had no effect on their mortality.
Increasing evidence supports that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as master regulators involved in tumorigenesis and development at the N6-methyladenine (m6A) epigenetic modification level. ...However, the underlying regulatory mechanism in breast cancer (BRCA) remains elusive. Here, we unveil that LINC00942 (LNC942) exerts its functions as an oncogene in promoting METTL14-mediated m6A methylation and regulating the expression and stability of its target genes CXCR4 and CYP1B1 in BRCA initiation and progression. Specifically, LNC942 and METTL14 were significantly upregulated accompanied with the upregulation of m6A levels in BRCA cells and our included BRCA cohorts (n = 150). Functionally, LNC942 elicits potent oncogenic effects on promoting cell proliferation and colony formation and inhibiting cell apoptosis, subsequently elevating METTL14-mediated m6A methylation levels and its associated mRNA stability and protein expression of CXCR4 and CYP1B1 in BRCA cells. Mechanistically, LNC942 directly recruits METTL14 protein by harboring the specific recognize sequence (+176–+265), thereby stabilized the expression of downstream targets of LNC942 including CXCR4 and CYP1B1 through posttranscriptional m6A methylation modification in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, our results uncover a novel LNC942-METTL14-CXCR4/CYP1B1 signaling axis, which provides new targets and crosstalk m6A epigenetic modification mechanism for BRCA prevention and treatment.
Developing bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) toward overall water splitting with high efficiency and robust durability is highly ...desirable but very challenging. Herein, we report a highly efficient and robust bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting based on Co@Ir core–shell nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen-doped porous carbon derived from metal–organic frameworks. The series of Co@Ir/NC-x samples were prepared through a galvanic replacement of IrCl3 with Co/NC, which was obtained by calcination of zeolitic imidazolate framework 67 (ZIF-67). In the electrocatalytic characterizations toward OER and HER, Co@Ir/NC-10% exhibited the best performance among the series, with an overpotential of 280 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm–2 for OER, superior to the benchmark IrO2 catalyst, and an overpotential of −121 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm–2 for HER in 1 M KOH. Moreover, Co@Ir/NC-10% also demonstrated markedly higher long-term stability than IrO2 for OER and superior long-term durability than Pt/C for HER. Finally, the overall water splitting catalyzed by the series of composites was explored and visually observed.
Improving charge transfer is the key to the performance of non-noble metal semiconductor-based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. In this work, the O-incorporated 1T-MoS
2
...nanosheets with rich sulfur defects (ID-MoS
2
) are obtained by simple calcination of 1T-MoS
2
nanosheets in air atmosphere. Using rhodamine 6G (R6G) as typical probe molecules, ID-MoS
2
nanosheets show ultrahigh Raman enhancement effects with an enhancement factor of 1.24 × 10
7
due to sulfur defects and O incorporation in the 1T-MoS
2
lattice. First-principle density functional theory calculations suggest that the existence of sulfur defects and O incorporation significantly increase the Fermi energy level (
E
f
) and electronic density of states of ID-MoS
2
. Moreover, O incorporation can enhance the interactions between the substrate and the adsorbed molecules through electrostatic and hydrogen bonding. All these improve the charge transfer resonance and result in the remarkable SERS activity of ID-MoS
2
nanosheets. This is the first study on the increasing SERS performance of semiconductor substrates by simultaneously employing defect and dopant incorporation. This study provides an approach to optimize the performance of semiconductor-based SERS substrates.
Increasing evidence supports the role of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as master gene regulators at the epigenetic modification level. However, the underlying ...mechanism of these functional ncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been well investigated.
The dysregulated expression profiling of lncRNAs-snoRNAs-mRNAs and their correlations and co-expression enrichment were assessed by GeneChip microarray analysis. The candidate lncRNAs, snoRNAs, and target genes were detected by in situ hybridization (ISH), RT-PCR, qPCR and immunofluorescence (IF) assays. The biological functions of these factors were investigated using in vitro and in vivo studies that included CCK8, trans-well, cell apoptosis, IF assay, western blot method, and the xenograft mice models. rRNA 2'-O-methylation (Me) activities were determined by the RTL-P assay and a novel double-stranded primer based on the single-stranded toehold (DPBST) assay. The underlying molecular mechanisms were explored by bioinformatics and RNA stability, RNA fluorescence ISH, RNA pull-down and translation inhibition assays.
To demonstrate the involvement of lncRNA and snoRNAs in 2'-O-Me modification during tumorigenesis, we uncovered a previously unreported mechanism linking the snoRNPs NOP58 regulated by ZFAS1 in control of SNORD12C, SNORD78 mediated rRNA 2'-O-Me activities in CRC initiation and development. Specifically, ZFAS1 exerts its oncogenic functions and significantly up-regulated accompanied by elevated NOP58, SNORD12C/78 expression in CRC cells and tissues. ZFAS1 knockdown suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration, and increased cell apoptosis, and this inhibitory effect could be reversed by NOP58 overexpression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the NOP58 protein could be recognized by the specific motif (AAGA or CAGA) of ZFAS1. This event accelerates the assembly of SNORD12C/78 to allow for further guiding of 2'-O-Me at the corresponding Gm3878 and Gm4593 sites. Importantly, silencing SNORD12C or 78 reduced the rRNAs 2'-O-Me activities, which could be rescued by overexpression ZFAS1, and this subsequently inhibits the RNA stability and translation activity of their downstream targets (e.g., EIF4A3 and LAMC2).
The novel ZFAS1-NOP58-SNORD12C/78-EIF4A3/LAMC2 signaling axis that functions in CRC tumorigenesis provides a better understanding regarding the role of lncRNA-snoRNP-mediated rRNAs 2'-O-Me activities for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
Objective To investigate the impacts of wogonin (WG) on Th17/Treg cell balance in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) rats. Methods A total of 10 rats were randomly selected as the control group. The ...remaining rats were injected with concanavalin A (ConA, 12.5 mg/kg) solution via tail vein to construct AIH model rat, which were randomly divided into AIH group, L-WG group (10 mg/kg), M-WG group (20 mg/kg), H-WG group (30 mg/kg), H-WG+VPA group (30 mg/kg WG+300 mg/kg Notch signal pathway activator VPA), 10 rats in each group and administered once a day for 10 days. Serum inflammatory factors and liver function indexes were detected by ELISA; HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of liver tissue; the level of spleen Th17/Treg cells was detected by flow cytometry; Western blot was used to detect the expression of spleen retinoid acid related orphan receptor γ t (RORγt), fork head box protein P3 (Foxp3) and liver Notch signal pathway proteins. Results The liver tissue structure of control group was no
The preparation of mesoporous carbonaceous materials with particularly adjustable morphology is currently a hot area of research in mesoporous materials. Herein, a novel approach is reported for the ...construction of N-doped multicavity mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (NMMCNs) based on the "emulsion swelling-acid curing mechanism" using a nanoemulsion assembly method under a high-speed shearing force. Intriguingly, this approach adopted a novel acid (HCl) curing procedure. Impressively, the morphology evolution from an internal multicavity to a single cavity and then to a non-cavity interior structure could be accomplished by simply varying the synthesis parameters. Additionally, this synthesis approach ingeniously overcame the following problems: (i) technically, the employment of high temperatures and high pressures in traditional hydrothermal reaction curing environments is avoided; (ii) this approach removes the requirement for silicon coating, which provides a limited pyrolysis condition, to obtain a multi-chamber structure. Resveratrol (Res) is an insoluble natural medicine and was successfully loaded into NMMCNs, thereby the Res-NMMCNs delivery system was constructed. Importantly, the Res-NMMCNs delivery system could still retain the antitumor and antioxidant activity of Res in vitro.
The food versus fuel issue has attracted considerable attention with the rapid growth of global biofuel production. The previous literature examining the interconnectedness between biofuel, fossil ...fuel and agricultural markets employed futures and spot prices. However, food security needs to be discussed with non‐financial market prices, such as wholesale prices, since retail companies and households usually do not purchase products directly from financial markets, which encompass speculative activities, making them more volatile than non‐financial ones. This paper focuses on non‐financial markets in the United States to investigate the price‐interconnection of biodiesel, highway diesel, crude oil, and soybean, initially applying partial wavelet coherence and the Diebold‐Yilmaz connectedness index to price transmission research on biodiesel, highway diesel, crude oil, and soybean. Our main results are as follows: First, significant coherence between biodiesel and soybean, biodiesel and highway diesel, and highway diesel and crude oil is identified in the short and long term. Second, crude oil and biodiesel prices are found to be net transmitters, while soybean and highway diesel prices are net receivers. Finally, the crude oil market is identified as the source of spillovers among the four markets, and strongly influences the highway diesel market.
The previous literature examining the interconnectedness between biofuel, fossil fuel and agricultural markets employed futures and spot prices, while food security needs to be discussed with non‐financial market prices since retail companies and households usually do not purchase products directly from financial markets. This paper focuses on non‐financial markets in the United States to investigate the price‐interconnection of biodiesel, highway diesel, crude oil, and soybean, initially applying partial wavelet coherence and the Diebold‐Yilmaz connectedness index to price transmission research on biodiesel, highway diesel, crude oil, and soybean. Our primary result suggests that biodiesel promotion reinforces a relationship between the prices of soybean and biodiesel.
In view of a dynamic obstacle environment with motion uncertainty, we present a dynamic collision avoidance method based on the collision risk assessment and improved velocity obstacle method. First, ...through the fusion optimization of forward-looking sonar data, the redundancy of the data is reduced and the position, size and velocity information of the obstacles are obtained, which can provide an accurate decision-making basis for next-step collision avoidance. Second, according to minimum meeting time and the minimum distance between the obstacle and unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV), this paper establishes the collision risk assessment model, and screens key obstacles to avoid collision. Finally, the optimization objective function is established based on the improved velocity obstacle method, and a UUV motion characteristic is used to calculate the reachable velocity sets. The optimal collision speed of UUV is searched in velocity space. The corresponding heading and speed commands are calculated, and outputted to the motion control module. The above is the complete dynamic obstacle avoidance process. The simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain a better collision avoidance effect in the dynamic environment, and has good adaptability to the unknown dynamic environment.
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