Rhynchophylline (RP), the primary active ingredient of Uncaria rhynchophylla, has an anti‑hypertensive effect and protects against ischemia‑induced neuronal damage. The present study aimed to examine ...the roles and mechanisms of RP in myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion (MI/R) injury of rat cardiomyocytes. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell apoptosis were examined by a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. An ELISA was performed to assess the expression of oxidative stress markers. Spectrophotometry was used to detect the degree of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) openness. Western blotting and reverse transcription‑ quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to evaluate the associated protein and mRNA expression, respectively. The present results demonstrated that RP increased the cell viability of MI/R‑induced cardiomyocytes, and suppressed the MI/R‑induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Additionally, RP modulated the Ca2+ and MMP levels in MI/R‑induced cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, RP decreased the oxidative stress and mPTP level of MI/R‑induced cardiomyocytes. It was additionally observed that RP affected the apoptosis‑associated protein expression and regulated the mitochondrial‑associated gene expression in MI/R‑induced cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, RP ameliorated MI/R injury through the modulation of mitochondrial mechanisms. The potential effects of RP on the protection of MI/R‑induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes suggest that RP may be an effective target for MI/R therapy.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), an independent coronary heart disease that develops in diabetic individuals, is characterized by changes in the myocardial structure and function. The aim of the ...present study was to investigate the protective effect of rutin on DCM in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Rutin was orally administrated at a dose of 8 mg/kg body weight. Metabolic profiles, myocardial enzymes and oxidative stress were examined by biochemical tests. The expression levels of cellular proteins associated with apoptosis were measured by western blot analysis, while the levels of inflammatory factors were assessed by immunohistochemical analyses. Rats with DCM exhibited an abnormal metabolic profile, aberrant myocardial enzymes, elevation of oxidative stress markers, increased levels of inflammatory factors and enhanced apoptotic cell death. Notably, rutin was shown to protect and improve myocardial dysfunction, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in the hearts of the diabetic rats. In conclusion, these results indicated that rutin may have great therapeutic potential in the treatment of DCM, and possibly other cardiovascular disorders, by preventing oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death. However, further detailed studies are required to reveal the exact mechanisms underlying the protective effect of rutin.
We propose an efficient quantum protocol for comparing the equal information with the help of a semi-honest third party (TP). Our protocol utilizes the triplet W states and the single-particle ...measurement. A precise proof of security of the protocol is presented. The security of this protocol with respect to various kinds of outside attacks is discussed. Outside eavesdroppers cannot learn any information about the private information. The security of this protocol with respect to various kinds of party attacks is also discussed. One party cannot learn any information about the other's private information. The TP cannot learn any information about the private information, even about the comparison result or the length of secret inputs.
► We propose a protocol for dealing with the private comparison of equal information. ► Our protocol is based on the W state and the simpler single-particle measurement. ► The parties cannot learn anything about the private information using our protocol. ► The W state is more robust against loss of any single qubit than GHZ state.
Objective
To investigate the effects of ligustrazine (LTZ) on airway inflammation in a mouse model of neutrophilic asthma (NA).
Methods
Forty healthy C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into 4 ...groups using a random number table, including the normal control, NA, LTZ and dexamethasone (DXM) groups, with 10 rats in each group. The NA mice model was established by the method of ovalbumin combined with lipopolysaccharide sensitization. At 0.5 h before each challenge, LTZ and DXM groups were intraperitoneally injected with LTZ (80 mg/kg) or DXM (0.5 mg/kg) for 14 d, respectively, while the other two groups were given the equal volume of normal saline. After last challenge for 24 h, the aerosol inhalation of methacholine was performed and the airway reactivity was measured. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected. The Wright-Giemsa staining was used for total white blood cells and differential counts. The levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological change of lung tissue was observed by hematoxylin eosin staining.
Results
The airway responsiveness of the NA group was signifificantly higher than the normal control group (
P
<0.05), while those in the LTZ and DXM groups were signifificantly lower than the NA group (
P
<0.05). The neutrophil and eosinophil counts in the LTZ and DXM groups were signifificantly lower than the NA group (
P
<0.05), and those in the LTZ group were signifificantly lower than the DXM group (
P
<0.05). There were a large number of peribronchiolar and perivascular inflammatory cells in fifiltration in the NA group. The airway inflflammation in the LTZ and DXM groups were signifificantly alleviated than the NA group. The infifiltration in the LTZ group was signifificantly reduced than the DXM group. Compared with the normal control group, the IL-17 level in BALF was signifificantly increased and the IL-10 level in BALF was signifificantly decreased in the NA group (
P
<0.05). LTZ and DXM treatment signifificantly decreased IL-17 levels and increased IL-10 levels compared with the NA group (
P
<0.05), and the changes in the above indices were more signifificant in the LTZ group (
P
<0.05).
Conclusion
LTZ could alleviate the airway inflflammation in the NA mice model through increasing the IL-10 level and decreasing the IL-17 level.
Chiral organosilanes are valuable chemical entities in the development of functional organic materials, asymmetric catalysis, and medicinal chemistry. As an important strategy for constructing chiral ...organosilanes, the asymmetric functionalization of the Si–CAryl bond typically relies on transition-metal catalysis. Herein, we present an efficient method for atroposelective synthesis of biaryl siloxane atropisomers via organocatalytic Si–C bond functionalization of dinaphthosiloles with silanol nucleophiles. The reaction proceeds through an asymmetric protonation and simultaneous Si–C bond cleavage/silanolysis sequence in the presence of a newly developed chiral Brønsted acid catalyst. The versatile nature of the Si–C bond streamlines the derivatization of axially chiral products into other functional atropisomers, thereby expanding the applicability of this method.
We present a new quantum private comparison protocol based on the three-particle GHZ states. In this protocol, we prepare two types of GHZ states and use their entanglement properties to encode and ...compare the private information of
X
and
Y
. We also discuss that our protocol can withstand all various kinds of outside attacks and participant attacks.
One of the primary candidate materials used in 650°C ultra-supercritical (USC) thermal power plant units is a novel thick grade of heat-resistant steel, 08Cr9W3Co3VNbCuBN (G115), for which China has ...complete intellectual property rights. In this study, G115 steel with a 115 mm thick wall was successfully welded using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) + shielded metal arc welding (SWAM), which was a significant step toward achieving its application in large-diameter boiler tubes. The influence of the welding process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the G115 welded joint after post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) at 770°C for 11 h was investigated. The findings demonstrate that the weld zone (WZ) after PWHT was composed of martensite and ferrite, and M
23
C
6
was the precipitate. The average hardness of WZ was 273.1 HV, and the average impact toughness was above 39J, which was sufficient for actual production applications. It offered the necessary theoretical foundation for the practical development of thick-walled G115 heat-resistant alloy steel during welding.
A 1,2,3-trioctyloxyphenyl-based organogel (G1) containing a pyrene fluorophore and urea-sulfonamide anion binding sites was designed and synthesized. Gelator G1 can form stable organogels with ...dramatic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in some organic solvents. The self-assemble mechanism of G1 was investigated by concentration depended 1H NMR, XRD, FT-IR and SEM techniques. In addition, G1 shows good fluorescence sensing ability to some selected anions such as F− and AcO−. In DMF solution, the addition of F− into the organogel G1 shows a gel-gel phase change with the AIE quenched. However, the addition of AcO− leads to a gel-sol transition with little fluorescence change.
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•A pyrenyl-appended organogel was prepared.•It shows gel-gel phase and the emission quenching changes toward F−.•It shows a gel-sol transition toward AcO−.
Hepatitis B (HB) and hepatitis C (HC) place the largest burden in China, and a goal of eliminating them as a major public health threat by 2030 has been set. Making more informed and accurate ...forecasts of their spread is essential for developing effective strategies, heightening the requirement for early warning to deal with such a major public health threat.
To monitor HB and HC epidemics by the design of a paradigmatic seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (SARFIMA) for projections into 2030, and to compare the effectiveness with the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA).
Monthly HB and HC incidence cases in China were obtained from January 2004 to June 2023. Descriptive analysis and the Hodrick-Prescott method were employed to identify trends and seasonality. Two periods (from January 2004 to June 2022 and from January 2004 to December 2015, respectively) were used as the training sets to develop both models, while the remaining periods served as the test sets to evaluate the forecasting accuracy.
There were incidents of 23400874 HB cases and 3590867 HC cases from January 2004 to June 2023. Overall, HB remained steady average annual percentage change (AAPC) = 0.44, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -0.94-1.84 while HC was increasing (AAPC = 8.91, 95%CI: 6.98-10.88), and both had a peak in March and a trough in February. In the 12-step-ahead HB forecast, the mean absolute deviation (15211.94), root mean square error (18762.94), mean absolute percentage error (0.17), mean error rate (0.15), and root mean square percentage error (0.25) under the best SARFIMA (3, 0, 0) (0, 0.449, 2)
were smaller than those under the best SARIMA (3, 0, 0) (0, 1, 2)
(16867.71, 20775.12, 0.19, 0.17, and 0.27, respectively). Similar results were also observed for the 90-step-ahead HB, 12-step-ahead HC, and 90-step-ahead HC forecasts. The predicted HB incidents totaled 9865400 (95%CI: 7508093-12222709) cases and HC totaled 1659485 (95%CI: 856681-2462290) cases during 2023-2030.
Under current interventions, China faces enormous challenges to eliminate HB and HC epidemics by 2030, and effective strategies must be reinforced. The integration of SARFIMA into public health for the management of HB and HC epidemics can potentially result in more informed and efficient interventions, surpassing the capabilities of SARIMA.
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•Three distinctive mineralization styles, controlled by diverse structures, are recognized.•Ore carbonates show distinct REE patterns and C–O isotopes relative to barren ones.•Sulfide ...S–Pb isotopes indicate variable mixing of magmatic and sedimentary sources.•Arguing against SEDEX origin, a distal carbonate replacement genesis is proposed.
The Qingchengzi ore field is an important Pb–Zn polymetallic ore district located in northeastern China, where more than ten Pb–Zn deposits and several Au-Ag deposits occur. The Pb–Zn mineralization is mainly hosted in the marble of the Dashiqiao Formation. Three distinct mineralization styles (strata-bound, open-space-filling and transitional type) are recognized. Two genetic models have been proposed to explain the Pb–Zn mineralization in this district: the sedimentary-exhalative model and the superimposed multi-stage model, in which syn-sedimentary deposition is overprinted by metamorphic and magmatic hydrothermal modification. Based on these three mineralization styles, this study provides new C–O–S–Pb isotopic data and LA–ICPMS trace element analyses of carbonates in order to place more constraints on the genesis of the Pb–Zn deposits.
The δ13CPDB values of the syn-ore carbonates range from −5.11‰ to −1.06‰, and their δ18OSMOW values range from 3.30‰ to 13.2‰; these values are distinctively lower than those of barren meta-sedimentary rocks (δ13C=−1.98‰–−0.55‰, δ18O=19.69‰−22.76‰). The depleted C–O isotopic values of syn-ore carbonates are inferred to result from fluid-rock interactions combined with the impact of graphite. In situ LA–ICPMS trace element analyses show that syn-ore carbonates record enriched REE contents, pronounced positive Eu anomalies and lower Y/Ho ratios compared to barren carbonates. The depleted C–O isotopic signatures and distinctive REE characteristics of syn-ore carbonates indicate that the hydrothermal fluid is likely magmatic in origin and has mixed with low δ18O fluids, such as meteoric or formation water. Sulfide minerals have δ34S values ranging from 3.16‰ to 9.14‰ and display a gradually increasing trend from open-space-filling to transitional type to strata-bound mineralization styles, which reflect different mixing proportions of the two end-members of magmatic sulfur and sedimentary sulfur. The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals are relatively uniform (206Pb/204Pb=17.511–17.883, 207Pb/204Pb=15.549–15.64 and 208Pb/204Pb=37.670–38.178) for different mineralization styles; however, the open-space-filling mineralization records relatively lower lead isotope values. The linear correlation of ore lead isotopes between schist and Triassic intrusions indicates that lead may have originated from a mixture of magmatic and sedimentary end-members. The relatively lower Pb isotopes of the open-space-filling mineralization suggest the presence of higher proportions from a magmatic source. Mineralization styles respond to diverse ore-controlling structures and their proximity to the mineralizing source: open-space-filling mineralization shows the least stratigraphic control, with more pronounced “magmatic marks” (i.e., lower S–Pb isotopic values and more depleted C–O values), compared to strata-bound mineralization.
These mineralization styles, combined with C–O–S–Pb isotopic geochemistry, consistently preclude a SEDEX origin for the Pb–Zn deposits in the Qingchengzi district, but suggest that they represent a distal hydrothermal mineralization type related to Triassic magmatic activity.
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