Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy worldwide. More than 3 700 000 women die of BC every year. DSCAM‐AS1 was overexpressed several kinds of cancer and miR‐204‐5p was lowly expressed, which ...indicated that miR‐204‐5p had anti‐tumor activity and DSCAM‐AS1 had pro‐tumor activity. We intended to analyze DSCAM‐AS1, miR‐204‐5p, and ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2). Microarray analysis and quantitative Real Time fluorescence Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT‐PCR) were employed to determine DSCAM‐AS1 and miR‐204‐5p expression. Luciferase reporter assay was applied to examine the target relationship between DSCAM‐AS1, miR‐204‐5p, and RRM2. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8 assay), transwell assay, and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. The expression of DSCAM‐AS1, miR‐204‐5p, and RRM2 were confirmed by Western blot. We also conducted in vivo assay to verify the effect of DSCAM‐AS1. DSCAM‐AS1 was up‐regulated, while miR‐204‐5p was down‐regulated in BC tissues and cells. DSCAM‐AS1 directly targeted miR‐204‐5p. DSCAM‐AS1 promoted the proliferation and invasion of BC cells by reducing miR‐204‐5p and inhibiting miR‐204‐5p expression. DSCAM‐AS1 expression was related to the expression of RRM2, and miR‐204‐5p could reverse the function of DSCAM‐AS1. RRM2 was up‐regulated in BC cells, and miR‐204‐5p inhibited RRM2 expression by targeting RRM2. Overexpression of RRM2 stimulated proliferation and cell invasion and impeded apoptosis. In vivo experiments showed that knockdown of DSCAM‐AS1 decreased the tumorigenesis of BC cells, increased the expression of miR‐204‐5p. DSCAM‐AS1 promoted proliferation and impaired apoptosis of BC cells by reducing miR‐204‐5p and enhancing RRM2 expression. DSCAM‐AS1/miR‐204‐5p/RRM2 may serve as novel therapeutic targets for BC.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China beginning in December 2019. As of 31 January 2020, this ...epidemic had spread to 19 countries with 11 791 confirmed cases, including 213 deaths. The World Health Organization has declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
A scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework suggested by Arksey and O'Malley. In this scoping review, 65 research articles published before 31 January 2020 were analyzed and discussed to better understand the epidemiology, causes, clinical diagnosis, prevention and control of this virus. The research domains, dates of publication, journal language, authors' affiliations, and methodological characteristics were included in the analysis. All the findings and statements in this review regarding the outbreak are based on published information as listed in the references.
Most of the publications were written using the English language (89.2%). The largest proportion of published articles were related to causes (38.5%) and a majority (67.7%) were published by Chinese scholars. Research articles initially focused on causes, but over time there was an increase of the articles related to prevention and control. Studies thus far have shown that the virus' origination is in connection to a seafood market in Wuhan, but specific animal associations have not been confirmed. Reported symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, pneumonia, headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. Preventive measures such as masks, hand hygiene practices, avoidance of public contact, case detection, contact tracing, and quarantines have been discussed as ways to reduce transmission. To date, no specific antiviral treatment has proven effective; hence, infected people primarily rely on symptomatic treatment and supportive care.
There has been a rapid surge in research in response to the outbreak of COVID-19. During this early period, published research primarily explored the epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, as well as prevention and control of the novel coronavirus. Although these studies are relevant to control the current public emergency, more high-quality research is needed to provide valid and reliable ways to manage this kind of public health emergency in both the short- and long-term.
Supported alloy catalysts play a pivotal role in many heterogeneous catalytic processes of socioeconomic and environmental importance. But the controlled synthesis of supported alloy nanoparticles ...with consistent composition and tight size distribution remains a challenging issue. Herein, a simple yet effective method for preparation of highly dispersed, homogeneously alloyed bimetallic nanoparticles on oxide supports is reported. This method is based on solid solution of metal cations in parent oxide and strong electrostatic adsorption of a secondary metal species onto the oxide surface. In the reductive annealing process, hydrogen spillover occurs from the surface metal with a higher reduction potential to the solute metal in solid solution, leading to metal exsolution and homogenous alloying of the metals on the oxide surface. The ceria‐supported Ni–Pt alloy is chosen as a model catalyst and hydrazine monohydrate decomposition is chosen as a probe reaction to demonstrate this method, and particularly its advantages over the conventional impregnation and galvanic replacement methods. A systematic application of this method using different oxides and base‐noble metal pairs further elucidates its applicability and generality.
Highly dispersed and well‐alloyed bimetallic nanoparticles on oxide support can be readily synthesized by a simple method based on solid solution and strong electrostatic adsorption. Given the variety of solid solutions and universality of strong electrostatic adsorption, this method may find broad applications in the synthesis of advanced supported alloy catalysts for heterogeneous catalysis.
Paris L. (Liliaceae) consisted of 33 species, of which the study focused on Paris polyphylla Smith, P. polyphylla var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara, and P. polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) ...Hand. -Mazz. Due of course to the good effects of analgesia and hemostasis, it was traditionally used to treat trauma by folk herbalists.
This study summarized the traditional uses, distributions, phytochemical components, pharmacological properties, and toxicity evaluation of the genus Paris, and reviewed the economic value of cultivate P. polyphylla. This aim was that of providing a new and comprehensive recognition of these medicinal plants for the further utilization of Paris plants.
The literature about traditional and folk uses of genus Paris was obtained from Duxiu Search, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The other literature about genus Paris was searched online on Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Scifinder database, and Springer research. The Scientific Database of China Plant Species (DCP) (http://db.kib.ac.cn/Default.aspx) databases were used to check the scientific names and provide species, varieties, and distribution of genus Paris. The botany studies information of genus Paris was available online from Plant Plus of China (www.iplant.cn). All the molecular structures of chemical compounds displayed in the text were produced by ChemBioDraw Ultra 14.0.
The plants of genus Paris, containing about 33 species and 15 varieties, are mainly distributed in Southwest China (Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou provinces). More than 320 chemical components have been isolated from genus Paris since 2020, including steroidal saponins, C-21 steroids, phytosterols, insect hormones, pentacyclic triterpenes, flavonoids, and other compounds. Arrays of pharmacological investigations revealed that compounds and extracts of Paris species possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antifungal, hemostatic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The studies about toxicity evaluation suggested that Rhizome Paridis had slight liver toxicity.
The dried rhizomes of P. polyphylla, P. polyphylla var. chinensis, and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were used to treat wound, bleeding, and stomachache, etc. in folk medicine. Phytochemistry researches showed that different species had pretty similarities especially in terms of chemical constituents. Pharmacological studies witnessed that Rhizome Paridis has various activities. Among these activities, steroidal saponins were the main active ingredients. Furthermore, an important aspect responsible for increasing interest in genus Paris is the use of antifertility-nonhormonal contraceptives by women. Also, the development of TCM (Traditional Chinese medicine) planting industry can improve the income of ethnic minorities and promote economic development.
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In this work, by combining the superiority of polyoxometalates (POMs) and catalytic single‐metal site Co of metalloporphyrin, a series of mixed‐valence POM‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) ...composites is synthesized by a post‐modification method. The electron‐transfer property of POM@PCN‐222(Co) composite is significantly enhanced owing to the directional electron‐transfer from POM to single‐metal site Co in PCN‐222(Co). In particular, H‐POM@PCN‐222(Co) gives a high Faradaic efficiency of 96.2% for electroreduction of CO2 into CO and good stability over 10 h. DFT calculations confirm that the directional electron transfer, which accelerates the multi‐electron transfer from the electrode to active single‐metal site Co, enriches the electron density of the Co center, and ultimately reduces the energy of the rate‐determining step, thus increasing the catalytic activity of CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). This work therefore suggests some new insight for the design of efficient electrocatalysts for CO2RR.
By combining the superiority of polyoxometalates (POM) and single‐metal site Co in porphyrin, a series of POM‐based metal–organic frameworks composites have been synthesized. Directional electron transfer from POM to single‐metal site Co in PCN‐222(Co) accelerates the electron‐transfer efficiency, enriches the electron density of the active center, and ultimately gives rise to high electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction activity.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Curcumin, the natural yellow pigment extracted from the rhizomes of the plant curcuma longa, has been demonstrated to exhibit a variety of potent beneficial effects, acting as ...an antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic. In this study we tested the hypothesis that curcumin attenuates maladaptive cardiac repair and improves cardiac function after ischaemia and reperfusion by reducing degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and inhibiting synthesis of collagens via TGFβ/Smad‐mediated signalling pathway.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Sprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to 45 min of ischaemia followed by 7, 21 and 42 days of reperfusion respectively. Curcumin was fed orally at a dose of 150 mg·kg−1·day−1 only during reperfusion.
KEY RESULTS Curcumin reduced the level of malondialdehyde, inhibited activity of MMPs, preserved ECM from degradation and attenuated collagen deposition, as it reduced the extent of collagen‐rich scar and increased mass of viable myocardium. In addition to reducing collagen synthesis and fibrosis in the ischaemic/reperfused myocardium, curcumin significantly down‐regulated the expression of TGFβ1 and phospho‐Smad2/3, and up‐regulated Smad7 and also increased the population of α‐smooth muscle actin expressing myofibroblasts within the infarcted myocardium relative to the control. Echocardiography showed it significantly improved left ventricular end‐diastolic volume, stroke volume and ejection fraction. The wall thickness of the infarcted middle anterior septum in the curcumin group was also greater than that in the control group.
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Dietary curcumin is effective at inhibiting maladaptive cardiac repair and preserving cardiac function after ischaemia and reperfusion. Curcumin has potential as a treatment for patients who have had a heart attack.
Bispirooxindole derivatives containing three stereocenters, including two spiro quaternary centers, were synthesized in a high‐yielding, atypically rapid, and stereocontrolled cascade ...Michael–cyclization reaction between methyleneindolinones and isothiocyanato oxindoles catalyzed by a bi‐ or multifunctional organocatalyst. Mild conditions were used to construct bispirooxindoles with excellent enantio‐ and diastereomeric purities within less than 1 min. Catalyst reconfiguration offered access to the opposite enantiomer. This exceptionally highly efficient procedure will allow diversity‐oriented syntheses of this intriguing class of compounds with potential biological activities.
Cascade to complexity: Bispirooxindole derivatives containing three stereocenters, including two spiro quarternary centers, were synthesized in a high‐yielding, atypically rapid, and stereocontrolled cascade Michael–cyclization reaction between methyleneindolinones and isothiocyanato oxindoles catalyzed by a bi‐ or multifunctional organocatalyst (see scheme).
Stone-carving robotic manipulators (SCRMs) have a broad range of applications due to their high efficiency, diverse processing capabilities, and strong flexibility. However, due to its weak rigidity, ...the milling accuracy of an SCRM is lower than that of a computer numerical control (CNC) machine for working stone into special shapes, making it difficult to meet the requirements of stone milling processing. To improve the milling accuracy of SCRMs, multi-iteration error compensation technology considering the coupling relationship between compensation and deformation is proposed in this paper. First, a global stiffness model of an SCRM in which the robot arm bars are regarded as flexible links is established, and the relationship between the milling force and milling depth is fitted based on a milling force prediction model. Then, the machining error and milling depth when processing a marble workpiece are predicted. Finally, a multi-iteration method is applied for calculation using an interval correction strategy to construct a discrete control system for error compensation in the SCRM. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed compensation technology are verified by an experiment using the KUKA-240-2900 SCRM system.
Permeability controls fluid flow in fault zones and is a proxy for rock damage after an earthquake. We used the tidal response of water level in a deep borehole to track permeability for 18 months in ...the damage zone of the causative fault of the 2008 moment magnitude 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. The unusually high measured hydraulic diffusivity of 2.4 x 10⁻² square meters per second implies a major role for water circulation in the fault zone. For most of the observation period, the permeability decreased rapidly as the fault healed. The trend was interrupted by abrupt permeability increases attributable to shaking from remote earthquakes. These direct measurements of the fault zone reveal a process of punctuated recovery as healing and damage interact in the aftermath of a major earthquake.
The possible advantages of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) versus open radical hysterectomy (RH) have not been well reviewed systematically. The aim of this study was to systematically review ...the comparative effectiveness between LRH and RH in the treatment of cervical cancer based on the evaluation of the Perioperative outcomes, oncological clearance, complications and long-term outcomes.
The systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and BIOSIS databases. All original studies that compared LRH with RH were included for critical appraisal. Data were pooled and analyzed.
A total of twelve original studies that compared LRH (n = 754) with RH (n = 785) in patients with cervical cancer fulfilled quality criteria were selected for review and meta-analysis. LRH compared with RH was associated with a significant reduction of intraoperative blood loss (weighted mean difference = -268.4 mL (95 % CI -361.6, -175.1; p < 0.01), a reduced risk of postoperative complications (OR = 0.46; 95 % CI 0.34-0.63) and shorter hospital stay (weighted mean difference = -3.22 days; 95 % CI-4.21, -2.23 days; p < 0.01). These benefits were at the cost of longer operative time (weighted mean difference = 26.9 min (95 % CI 8.08-45.82). The rate of intraoperative complications was similar in the two groups. Lymph nodes yield and positive resection margins were similar between the two groups. There were no significant differences in 5-year overall survival (HR 0.91, 95 % CI 0.48-1.71; p = 0.76) and 5-year disease-free survival (hazard ratio HR 0.97, 95 % CI 0.56-1.68; p = 0.91).
LRH shows better short term outcomes compared with RH in patients with cervical cancer. The oncologic outcome and 5-year survival were similar between the two groups.
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