Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed at late stages because of atypical symptoms and the lack of effective early diagnostic measures. The ...mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis and development of ovarian cancer are not clear. Macrophages, immune cells derived from the innate immune system, have two states of polarization (M1 and M2) that develop in response to different stimuli. The polarization and differentiation of macrophages into the cancer-inhibiting M1 and cancer-promoting M2 types represent the two states of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. The interaction of polarized macrophages with cancer cells plays a crucial role in a variety of cancers. However, the effects of macrophage M1/M2 polarization on ovarian cancer have not yet been systematically and fully discussed. In this review, we discuss not only the occurrence, development and influences of macrophage polarization but also the association between macrophage polarization and ovarian cancer. The polarization of macrophages into the M1 and M2 phenotypes plays a pivotal role in ovarian cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis, and provides targets for macrophage-centered treatment in the cancer microenvironment for ovarian cancer therapy. We also addressed the regulation of macrophage polarization in ovarian cancer via noncoding RNAs, exosomes, and epigenetics.
Signaling through the Ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase promotes invadopodia formation for tumor invasion. Here, we identify intraflagellar transport 20 (IFT20) as a new target of this signaling in ...tumors that lack primary cilia, and find that IFT20 mediates the ability of Ror2 signaling to induce the invasiveness of these tumors. We also find that IFT20 regulates the nucleation of Golgi-derived microtubules by affecting the GM130-AKAP450 complex, which promotes Golgi ribbon formation in achieving polarized secretion for cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, IFT20 promotes the efficiency of transport through the Golgi complex. These findings shed new insights into how Ror2 signaling promotes tumor invasiveness, and also advance the understanding of how Golgi structure and transport can be regulated.
Creep rupture life is a key material parameter for service life and mechanical properties of Ni-based single crystal superalloy materials. Therefore, it is of much practical significance to ...accurately and efficiently predict creep life. Here, we develop a divide-and-conquer self-adaptive (DCSA) learning method incorporating multiple material descriptors for rational and accelerated prediction of the creep rupture life. We characterize a high-quality creep dataset of 266 alloy samples with such features as alloy composition, test temperature, test stress, and heat treatment process. In addition, five microstructural parameters related to creep process, including stacking fault energy, lattice parameter, mole fraction of the γ' phase, diffusion coefficient and shear modulus, are calculated and introduced by the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) method and basic materials structure-property relationships, that enables us to reveal the effect of microstructure on creep properties. The machine learning explorations conducted on the creep dataset demonstrate the potential of the approach to achieve higher prediction accuracy with RMSE, MAPE and R2 of 0.3839, 0.0003 and 0.9176 than five alternative state-of-the-art machine learning models. On the newly collected 8 alloy samples, the error between the predicted creep life value and the experimental measured value is within the acceptable range (6.4486 h–40.7159 h), further confirming the validity of our DCSA model. Essentially, our method can establish accurate structure-property relationship mapping for the creep rupture life in a faster and cheaper manner than experiments and is expected to serve for inverse design of alloys.
Display omitted
We examine whether managers' narcissism explains the difficulty of the performance targets that they set for their subordinate employees and the resulting dysfunctional behaviors of these employees. ...Utilizing a field‐based data set and a government policy change that imposes higher performance standards, we document both direct and indirect associations between manager narcissism and employee dysfunctional behavior. In particular, we find that managers with a higher degree of narcissism respond to the higher performance standards by setting more difficult targets for their subordinates, which in turn lead to more employee dysfunctional behaviors. Furthermore, after controlling for the effect of target difficulty, we find that manager narcissism also has a direct positive association with employee dysfunctional behavior. Our findings contribute to the management accounting literature by documenting that narcissism, a personality trait that is ubiquitous among managers, plays an important role in affecting managers' control choices and the dysfunctional behaviors of lower‐level employees.
Résumé
Narcissisme chez le gestionnaire, difficulté d’accès de l’objectif et comportement dysfonctionnel des employés
Les auteurs examinent si le narcissisme chez les gestionnaires explique la difficulté d'accès des objectifs de performance qu'ils fixent pour leurs employés subalternes et les comportements dysfonctionnels desdits employés. Au moyen d'un ensemble de données de terrain et d'un changement de politique gouvernementale qui impose des normes de performance plus élevées, les auteurs démontrent des associations directes et indirectes entre le narcissisme du gestionnaire et le comportement dysfonctionnel des employés. Ils constatent en particulier que les gestionnaires ayant un degré plus élevé de narcissisme répondent aux standards de performance plus élevés en fixant des objectifs plus difficiles pour leurs subordonnés, ce qui entraîne à son tour un comportement dysfonctionnel chez les employés. En outre, après avoir contrôlé l'effet de la difficulté d'accès de l'objectif, les auteurs observent que le narcissisme chez le gestionnaire a également une association positive directe avec le comportement dysfonctionnel des employés. Les résultats de la présente étude contribuent à la documentation relative à la comptabilité de gestion en constatant que le narcissisme, un trait de personnalité omniprésent parmi les gestionnaires, joue un rôle important dans l'impact des choix de contrôle des gestionnaires et des comportements dysfonctionnels des employés de niveau inférieur.
Microalgae are considered to be a promising alternative feedstock for next generation biofuels because of their rapid photosynthetic growth rates and less impact on land-use for food production ...compared with grain and other lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, a fast-growing, low-lipid, high-protein microalga species, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, was converted via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) into four products: bio-crude oil, aqueous product, gaseous product, and solid residue. The effects of operating conditions (reaction temperature and retention time) on the distributions of carbon and nitrogen in HTL products were quantified. Carbon recovery (CR), nitrogen recovery (NR) and energy recovery in the bio-crude oil fraction generally increased with the increase of reaction temperature as well as the retention time. The highest energy recovery of bio-crude oil was 65.4%, obtained at 280 degreeC with 120 min retention time. Both carbon and nitrogen tended to preferentially accumulate in the HTL bio-crude oil products as temperature and retention time increased, but the opposite was true for the solid residual product. The NR values of HTL aqueous product also increased with reaction temperature and retention time. 65-70% of nitrogen and 35-40% of carbon in the original material were converted into water soluble compounds when reaction temperature was higher than 220 degreeC and retention time was longer than 10 min. The CR of gas was less than 10% and is primarily present in the form of carbon dioxide. This study also introduces a novel treatment process (Environment-Enhancing Energy) that integrates algal growth for wastewater treatment with HTL of algal biomass, which provides synergistic recycling of carbon dioxide from the HTL gaseous product and the nutrients from HTL aqueous product to support multiple stages of algae production.
The changing population age structure has a significant influence on the economy, society, and numerous other aspects of a country. This paper has innovatively applied the method of compositional ...data forecasting for the prediction of population age changes of the young (aged 0-14), the middle-aged (aged 15-64), and the elderly (aged older than 65) in China, India, and Vietnam by 2030 based on data from 1960 to 2016. To select the best-suited forecasting model, an array of data transformation approaches and forecasting models have been extensively employed, and a large number of comparisons have been made between the aforementioned methods. The best-suited model for each country is identified considering the root mean squared error and mean absolute percent error values from the compositional data. As noted in this study, first and foremost, it is predicted that by the year 2030, China will witness the disappearance of population dividend and get mired in an aging problem far more severe than that of India or Vietnam. Second, Vietnam's trend of change in population age structure resembles that of China, but the country will sustain its good health as a whole. Finally, the working population of India demonstrates a strong rising trend, indicating that the age structure of the Indian population still remains relatively "young". Meanwhile, the continuous rise in the proportion of elderly population and the gradual leveling off growth of the young population have nevertheless become serious problems in the world. The present paper attempts to offer crucial insights into the Asian population size, labor market and urbanization, and, moreover, provides suggestions for a sustainable global demographic development.
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is characterized by a highly metastatic potential. The stromal communication between stem cells and cancer cells critically influences metastatic dissemination ...of cancer cells.
The effect of exosomes isolated from cancer stem cells (CSCs) of CCRCC patients on the progress of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lung metastasis of CCRCC cells were examined.
CSCs exosomes promoted proliferation of CCRCC cells and accelerated the progress of EMT. Bioactive miR-19b-3p transmitted to cancer cells by CSC exosomes induced EMT via repressing the expression of PTEN. CSCs exosomes derived from CCRCC patients with lung metastasis produced the strongest promoting effect on EMT. Notably, CD103
CSC exosomes were enriched in tumor cells and in lung as well, highlighting the organotropism conferred by CD103. In addition, CD103
exosomes were increased in blood samples from CCRCC patients with lung metastasis.
CSC exosomes transported miR-19b-3p into CCRCC cells and initiated EMT promoting metastasis. CD103
acted to guide CSC exosomes to target cancer cells and organs, conferring the higher metastatic capacity of CCRCC to lungs, suggesting CD103
exosomes as a potential metastatic diagnostic biomarker. ᅟ.
Abstract
In contrast to the conventional passive reaction to analytes, here, we create a proof-of-concept nanochannel system capable of on-demand recognition of the target to achieve an unbiased ...response. Inspired by light-activatable biological channelrhodopsin-2, photochromic spiropyran/anodic aluminium oxide nanochannel sensors are constructed to realize a light-controlled inert/active-switchable response to SO
2
by ionic transport behaviour. We find that light can finely regulate the reactivity of the nanochannels for the on-demand detection of SO
2
. Pristine spiropyran/anodic aluminium oxide nanochannels are not reactive to SO
2
. After ultraviolet irradiation of the nanochannels, spiropyran isomerizes to merocyanine with a carbon‒carbon double bond nucleophilic site, which can react with SO
2
to generate a new hydrophilic adduct. Benefiting from increasing asymmetric wettability, the proposed device exhibits a robust photoactivated detection performance in SO
2
detection in the range from 10 nM to 1 mM achieved by monitoring the rectified current.
Increasing metabolite coverage by combining data from different platforms or methods can improve understanding of related metabolic mechanisms and the identification of biomarkers. However, no one ...method can obtain metabolomic and lipidomic information in a single analysis. In this work, aiming at collecting comprehensive information on metabolome and lipidome in a single analytical run, we developed an on-line heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS) method. Complex metabolites from biological samples are divided into two fractions by using a precolumn. The first fraction is directly transferred and subjected to metabolomics analysis. Most lipids are retained on the precolumn until the mobile phases for lipidomics flow through; then they are subjected to lipidomics analysis. Up to 447 and 289 metabolites in plasma, including amino acids, carnitines, bile acids, free fatty acids, lyso-phospholipids, phospholipids, sphingomyelins etc. were identified within 30 min in the positive mode and negative mode, respectively. A comparison of the newly developed method with the conventional metabolomic and lipidomic approaches showed that approximately 99% features obtained by the two conventional methods can be covered with this 2D-LC method. Analytical characteristics evaluation showed the method had a wide linearity range, high sensitivity, satisfactory recovery and repeatability. These results demonstrate that this method is reliable, stable and well qualified in metabolomics analysis, particularly for large-scale metabolomics studies with small amount of samples.
Display omitted
•A 2D-LC-MS method based on a heart-cutting and column switching strategy was established.•Comprehensive information of metabolome and lipidome was simultaneously covered within one injection for the first time.•The method was suitable to large-scale metabolomics studies with small amount of samples.
PDF
