Purpose
This paper aims to address stagnation point flow of cross nanofluid in frames of hydromagnetics. Flow analysis subjected to expanding-contracting cylinder is studied.
...Design/methodology/approach
Nonlinear problems are computed by using bvp4c procedure.
Findings
Radius of curvature and temperature-dependent heat sink-source significantly affects heat-mass transport mechanisms for cylindrical surface.
Originality/value
No such analysis has yet been reported.
Precipitation and impregnation procedures unevenly distribute metals on zeolite, limiting chemical transformation in Lewis-acid, Brönsted-acid and metal-catalyzed tandem reactions. Although, ...heterogeneous multitask transition metals oxides@zeolites are promising catalysts for sustainable processes; nevertheless, synthesis is fascinating and complex. Herein, the construction of purposely designed multitask materials segregated in selective shells reveals the remarkable spatial organization of metals-zeolite, resulting in them being suitable for a wide range of tandem reactions. The synthesis of multi-site catalysts begins with a universal wet chemistry approach that yields nickel oxide (NiO) crystals. Then, the NiO crystals are stabilized using cationic dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, followed by achieving cross-linking carbon growth by emulsion polymerization of glucose in hydrothermal treatment to yield uniformed NiO@carbon spheres (NiO@CSs). Next, sequential adsorption of cobalt cations and colloidal ZSM-5 (1% in H
2
O, mass fraction), followed by calcination in air, yielded NiO@cobalt oxide@zeolite denoted as NiO@Co
3
O
4
@ZEO hollow spheres. The hollowing mechanism and materials segregation within shells are revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The finding advances the rational synthesis of heterogenous core-shell hollow structures for various gas phase catalytic tandem reactions to yield valuable chemicals.
Institutions and energy production sources shape environmental policies and practices. Institutions establish frameworks for renewable energy and enforce environmental protection measures. ...Conventional energy sources cause pollution and climate change, while green energy sources have lower environmental impacts. In this study we analyzed how quality institutions, along with different types of energy production sources affect the quality of environment in 101 countries that are part of the BRI, a global development project. We used a statistical method called panel quantile regression to analyze data from 2000 to 2020. We found that producing energy from renewable sources, such as wind and solar, reduces CO.sub.2 emissions by 0.003% in BRI countries. However, producing energy from non-renewable sources, such as gas and coal, harms the environment more in high-income and middle-income countries. We also found that having better institutional quality reduces CO.sub.2 emissions by 3.421%, 2.710%, and 0.006% in different groups of BRI countries. This means that having stronger and fairer institutions can help protect the environment by limiting the use of non-renewable energy sources and encouraging the use of renewable ones. Our study suggests that improving institutional quality is a key factor for achieving green energy and environmental sustainability in BRI countries.
Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are promising energy storage devices for integrating renewable resources and high power applications, owing to their high energy density, light weight, high flexibility, ...slow self‐discharge rate, high rate charging capability, and long battery life. LIBs work efficiently at ambient temperatures, however, at high‐temperatures, they cause serious issues due to the thermal fluctuation inside batteries during operation. The separator is a key component of batteries and is crucial for the sustainability of LIBs at high‐temperatures. The high thermal stability with minimum thermal shrinkage and robust mechanical strength are the prime requirements along with high porosity, ionic conductivity, and electrolyte uptake for highly efficient high‐temperature LIBs. This Review deals with the recent studies and developments in separator technologies for high‐temperature LIBs with respect to their structural layered formation. The recent progress in monolayer and multilayer separators along with the developed preparation methodologies is discussed in detail. Future challenges and directions toward the advancement in separator technology are also discussed for achieving remarkable performance of separators in a high‐temperature environment.
Separators are crucial for the safe operation of lithium ion batteries at high‐temperatures. This Review discusses the recent development in separator technologies for realizing high‐temperature lithium ion batteries by focusing on their layered structure design with various materials. Future challenges and directions are discussed for achieving remarkable performances of separators in a high‐temperature environment.
Brand managers of higher education institutions undertake various activities to enhance the institutions' brand equity. A key issue for managers is to enhance brand equity by engaging students with ...the brand and providing a good brand experience. The article examines the role of student engagement with the higher education institution brand in creating a positive higher education institutional brand equity. This study also investigates the role of brand experience as the driver of student engagement. Data was gathered via an online survey of 236 students and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The result indicates that brand experience plays a primary role in enhancing student engagement. The findings also show that student engagement mediates the relationship between brand experience and brand equity. These findings have implications for both theory and practice insofar as they establish how to enhance student engagement and eventually institutional brand equity through brand experience.
Wheat has low levels of the micronutrients iron and zinc in the grain, which contributes to 2 billion people suffering from micronutrient deficiency globally. While wheat flour is commonly fortified ...during processing, an attractive and more sustainable solution is biofortification, which could improve micronutrient content in the human diet, without the sustainability issues and costs associated with conventional fortification. Although many studies have used quantitative trait loci mapping and genome-wide association to identify genetic loci to improve micronutrient contents, recent developments in genomics offer an opportunity to accelerate marker discovery and use gene-focussed approaches to engineer improved micronutrient content in wheat. The recent publication of a high-quality wheat genome sequence, alongside gene expression atlases, variation datasets and sequenced mutant populations, provides a foundation to identify genetic loci and genes controlling micronutrient content in wheat. We discuss how novel genomic resources can identify candidate genes for biofortification, integrating knowledge from other cereal crops, and how these genes can be tested using gene editing, transgenic and TILLING approaches. Finally, we highlight key challenges remaining to develop wheat cultivars with high levels of iron and zinc.
Device-to-device (D2D) communication is continuously evolving and engulfing a wide diversity of proximate services and applications, which is considered as one of the key technologies in the 5G ...ecosystem. It is argued that direct communications paradigm advantages may not be entirely captured without embracing the concepts of the social-domain. Following the explosion of social networks and smart mobile devices, social-interactions among mobile users enable the promotion of D2D co-operations. In this paper, we first present a systematic overview of the socially unaware technical challenges and the prospective applications to consolidate a background on D2D communications. Next, all the social features utilized in tackling and improving the technical issues and the applications are briefed, respectively. Then, we provide a comprehensive survey on socially aware D2D communications, where various features of social-domain are leveraged, such as ties, community, trust, and selfishness to tackle the D2D technical issues and improve the performance of prospective D2D applications. We categorize state-of-the-art socially aware D2D communications into two main sections. The first section considers technical issues, while the second section pertains to their applications to provide insightful information and motivate more in-depth studies in this area. For each aforementioned section, we overview technical aspects and classify the core contributions based on approaches used and the social features utilized. In the discussion section, we summarize the socially aware D2D communications and present lessons learned. Finally, we highlight the open research challenges in this field and predict future research trends.
In the present era of scarcity of water resources, effective treatment of wastewater is a major prerequisite for growing economy. It is critical to develop and implement advanced wastewater treatment ...technologies with high efficiency and low capital requirement. Among various treatments, recent advanced processes in nano-material sciences have been attracting the attention of scientists. However, limited collective knowledge is available in this context. The present manuscript reviews the potential developments in nanotechnology with respect to wastewater treatment. The article reviewed and discussed utilization of various classes of nano-materials for wastewater treatment processes. This includes four main classes; First, nano-adsorbents such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, grapheme, manganese oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide and ferric oxides that are usually applied for removal of heavy metals from the wastewater. Second, nano-catalysts such as photocatalyst, electrocatalyst, Fenton based catalyst, and chemical oxidant have been shown the potential for removing both organic and inorganic contaminants. Third, nano-membranes have been used for effective removal of dyes, heavy metals and foulants using carbon nanotube membranes, electrospun nanofibers and hybrid nano-membranes. Finally, the integration of nanotechnology with biological processes such as algal membrane bioreactor, anaerobic digestion and microbial fuel cell is discussed with respect to its potential for wastewater purification.
This paper examines the long-term and short-run causative relationship among environmental sustainability, energy efficiency, renewable energy and carbon emissions from all over sources (coal, oil ...and fossil fuels) and sector wise division (heat and power, transportation, residential, manufacturing and other sectors. The empirical evidence presented in this study is derived from a balanced panel dataset spanning the annual periods from 2000 to 2021. The dataset specifically focuses on a selection of BRI Countries. The Kao test demonstrates the presence of cointegration across variables such as carbon dioxide emissions, environmental suitability, energy efficiency and renewable energy. The Panel Pooled Mean Group-Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model indicates a statistically significant positive association between the environmental sustainability and disaggregated CO.sub.2 emissions over a long-term period. The study found a positive relationship between disaggregated CO.sub.2 emissions and environmental sustainability and energy efficiency, with renewable energy sources reducing emissions. It suggests a need for a structural transition from an energy-intensive economy to a decarbonized one, with sectors like heat and power positively impacting sustainability. Implementing measures to reduce emissions is crucial for tackling climate change.
All cereal crops, particularly rice are perpetually affected due to drastic climatic changes which triggers different stressors resulting in food shortage scenarios across the globe. In modern era, ...application of nanotechnology holds the pledge in combating the climate change mediated environmental stressors through nanomaterials such as pesticides, nano-biosensors, nano-clays and nano-seed priming technologies. Current study is a part of experiment conducted to comprehend the behaviour of rice plants raised from Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) primed seeds under the water shortage environment. The seed priming treatment concentrations included 0, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 50 ppm. In the experimental results an increase in plant height, total chlorophyll contents, plant fresh and dry weights was obtained by use of seed priming with ZnONPs. The study results proved that seed priming with 25ppm of ZnONPs increased seed and straw yield with value of 85.333 and 123.333, respectively under water deficit environment. The analysis depicted that 25 ppm has been found more suitable for increasing the 1000 paddy weight of rice plants under both well irrigated and water shortage conditions. Seed priming with ZnONPs results in 53% reduction in MDA contents of water stressed rice plants Drought stress leads to reduction in plant height by 31%, plant fresh weight by 22% and plant dry weight by 28%. Seed priming treatments imparted in current study show significance increase in plant biomass. Priming with ZnONPs further enhances the levels of proline amino acid facilitating the plant to combat water shortage stress. A further elevation in activities of SOD, CAT and POD takes place in rice plants raised from ZnONPs primed seeds by 11%, 13% and 38%, respectively. An elevation in activities of antioxidant enzymes was found and the levels of oxidative stress indicators decreased upon seed priming with ZnONPs. Furthermore the yield characteristics such as panicle length, number of tillers, paddy yield and straw yield of the rice plants raised through ZnONPs primed seeds enhanced. The ZnONPs at concentration of 25 ppm proved optimum in alleviating drought induced damages. It can be inferred that seed pre conditioning with ZnONPs is helpful in increasing yield attributes under the water shortage environment.
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