MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miRNAs can be induced by a variety of stresses such as hypoxia, and are involved in diverse ...biological processes including differentiation, cell proliferation, cell death, and tumorigenesis. Hypoxia, a common feature of tumor microenvironment, can induce a number of miRNAs expression. miRNA-210 (miR-210) is one of the hypoxia-regulated-miRNAs, which has been investigated extensively in cancer. However, paradoxically opposing results were documented regarding whether it is an oncogene or a tumor suppressor, and whether it is a positive or negative prognostic biomarker. In the present review, we focus on the following investigations of miR-210: 1) its functions of as an oncogene, 2) its functions as a tumor suppressor, 3) its functions in mitochondrial metabolism, and finally, the diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-210 in cancer researches.
Most cancer-related deaths are caused by the development of metastatic disease. Thus, investigation of the underlying mechanisms of metastasis is urgent to design more effective targeted drugs and to ...treat metastatic disease more effectively. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential targets for cancer treatment. In the present study, we aimed to identify the roles of miR-134 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell migration and invasion. We demonstrated that overexpression of miR-134 inhibited migration and invasion of A549 and H1299 cells. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-134 inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) evidenced by upregulation of E-cadherin expression and downregulation of vimentin expression. Using luciferase assays, we identified integrin β1 (ITGB1) as a direct target of miR-134. Performing RNAi and rescue experiments, we confirmed that miR-134 exerted its migratory and invasive suppressive role partly by downregulating ITGB1. Finally, an in vivo experiment also, to some extent, suggested that miR-134 may function as a suppressor of metastasis. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-134 suppresses migration and invasion of NSCLC by targeting ITGB1.
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the sympathetic nervous system in childhood. NB severely threatens patient’s health and life. However, more effective ...diagnosis and treatment methods are badly needed in clinics all over the world. MYCN is well recognized as a genetic biomarker of high risk and poor outcome in NB. miRNAs are small RNAs and miR-98 involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers. The role and mechanism of miR-98 in NB remains to be investigated. Here we found that miR-98 was decreased in human MYCN-high-expression NB tissues, and its down-regulation was associated with poor prognosis of NB. Over-expression of miR-98 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion of NB cells. The analysis by employing the software of miRanda predicted the possible binding sites of miR-98 in the 3′-UTR of
MYCN
, and experimental data illustrated that miR-98 directly bound to MYCN 3′-UTR and decreased MYCN expression. Over-expression of MYCN rescued the decreased malignant phenotype caused by over-expression of miR-98 in NB. N
6
-methyladenosine modification in 3′-UTR of MYCN promoted its interaction with miR-98. The data collectively demonstrated that RNA m
6
A modification was required for miR-98/MYCN axis-mediated inhibition of neuroblastoma progression, and miR-98 might be novel targets for NB detection and treatment.
The shear process of small batch and multivariety copper strip processing enterprises are the bottleneck of production, which often faces the contradiction between working efficiency (less tool ...changing) and yield (reducing geometric waste). The high yield of copper strip embryo is the core index of high yield and high benefit for enterprise. Less tool changing is a key step for high efficiency and fast product delivery in shear station. In this paper, we took the cutting production of the production management system as a research example in Hubei Lean High Precision Copper Strip Company when the system is developing. We used the penalty function to deal with the length floating constraint. Then, we established a multiobjective optimization model with the roll weight and the number of tool changing as the weights, which were calculated by an integrated weighting method. Three algorithms, namely, adaptive particle swarm optimization, niche genetic algorithm based on crowding, and niche genetic algorithm based on seed retention (NGA), were used to solve the problem. Through production examples, it was concluded that the solution solved by NGA has the highest utilization rate of the coil when the number of tool changing was as little as possible. This paper provides a new solution combining the efficiency and benefit for shear process in finished product delivery of copper strip processing enterprises.
Neutrophils play an immunomodulatory role through the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are released in response to Leishmania infection, but the mechanism of NET extrusion has ...not been elucidated. The lipoxin A4 receptor on neutrophils is crucial for the inflammatory response and immune regulation of many diseases, including Leishmania infection. Therefore, in the present study, we tried to explore whether Leishmania infantum promastigotes stimulate neutrophil activation and NET release via activating the lipoxin A4 receptor.
Leishmania infantum promastigotes stimulated neutrophil activity, but blocking of the lipoxin A4 receptor with its antagonist Boc prior to L. infantum stimulation abrogated these effects. Neutrophils showed citrullinated histone H3 expression and simultaneous NET extrusion on L. infantum stimulation, but a decline in both was observed on blocking of the lipoxin A4 receptor. Moreover, differentiated HL-60 cells with lipoxin A4 receptor silencing showed a decrease in citrullinated histone H3 expression as compared to the unsilenced HL-60 samples on stimulation with promastigotes.
Leishmania infantum promastigotes altered the characteristics of neutrophils and induced NET extrusion by activating the lipoxin A4 receptor. The lipoxin A4 receptor may have potential as a therapeutic target in relation to NET extrusion in the treatment of leishmaniasis, but its mechanisms of action need to be explored in more depth.
Idiopathic achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder characterized by the absence of esophageal peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). However, the ...pathogenesis of idiopathic achalasia remains unclear. To further understand the pathogenesis, we conducted lncRNA and mRNA microarray analyses. LES specimens from 5 patients and 4 controls were used for microarray. Potential target genes with significantly changed lncRNA and mRNA were predicted using cis/trans-regulatory algorithms, followed by the Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis to understand the biophysical effect. Finally, 7,133 significantly dysregulated mRNAs (3,136 increased and 3,997 decreased), along with 6,892 significantly dysregulated lncRNAs (4,900 increased and 1,992 decreased). Biophysical function analysis revealed that the cell adhesion molecule (CAM) pathway was a common pathway. The predicted lncRNA targets of NRXN1 (Down FC: 9.07), NTNG2 (UP FC: 2.75), CADM1 (Down FC: 2.26), NLGN1 (Down FC: 4.60), NEGR1 (Down FC: 2.335), CD22 (Down FC: 5.62), HLA-DQB1 (Down FC: 5.06), and HLA-DOA (Down FC: 2.31) were inputted in this pathway, which was mainly located in the synapse part of the neural system and immune system. Our study demonstrates the lncRNAs and corresponding mRNAs that may play important roles in idiopathic achalasia.
Xenopsylla cheopis, also called oriental rat flea, is an ectoparasite as well as disease vector for murine typhus and bubonic plague. In the study, the whole mitochondrial genome of X. cheopis was ...sequenced and assembled, which is the second report of mitochondrial genome in the family Pulicidae and the sixth mitochondrial genome in the order Siphonaptera (fleas). The mitochondrial genome is 18,902 bp in length, consisting of 40% A, 44% T, 6% G, and 10% C. Phylogenetic analysis of all available mitochondrial genomes from Siphonaptera indicated that X. cheopis clustered with Ctenocephalides felis since both species belonged to the family Pulicidae. The complete mitochondrial genome of X. cheopis could serve as useful genetic data for investigating the genetic relationship of fleas.
•Changes in composition and C and N cycling functions of microbes were studied.•Microbial communities tended to shift from r- to K-strategists, both at the phylum and genus levels.•Bacterial ...communities were influenced by available P contents and soil C:N ratios.•Fungal communities were affected by ammonium N contents and root biomass.•Ammonium N and activated C contents affected microbial community function.
Vegetation succession is one of the most important factors driving changes in microorganisms. It is unclear, however, how the microbial composition and the potential function of C and N cycling change with forest secondary succession. Using soil metagenomic sequencing methods, we studied these changes in bacterial and fungal communities with secondary succession from cropland to a Quercus liaotungensis forest over approximately 120 years on the Loess Plateau of China. The results revealed the following. (1) Soil microbial biomass C, N, and P increased significantly in topsoil (0–20 cm) with vegetation succession. (2) The abundances of bacteria increased initially and then decreased slightly, whereas an increase in fungal abundances and the ratio of fungi to bacteria was detected along a successional gradient. Microbial communities tended to shift from r- to K-strategists, both at the phylum and genus levels. (3) With vegetation succession, the abundances of C and N cycle-related potential functional genes first significantly increased and then stabilized. Among them, the relative abundances of recalcitrant C degradation-, N fixation-, and ammonification-related genes increased, whereas labile C degradation-, N reduction-, and denitrification-related genes tended to decrease. (4) Redundancy analysis indicated that bacterial communities were influenced by available phosphorus contents and soil C: N ratios, and that fungal communities were mainly affected by ammonium N contents and root biomass. (5) Predicted microbial functional genes were affected by ammonium N and activated C contents. Our study showed that with vegetation succession, microbe communities tended to shift from r- to K-strategists both at the phylum and genus levels, which increased the abundance of organisms expressing C- and N-cycle related genes.
Background and aims
It is unclear how atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition influences CO
2
release from grassland by affecting heterotrophic respiration of bulk and rhizosphere soils and how the ...heterotrophic rhizosphere respiration of different grass species responds to N deposition.
Methods
In this study, we investigated the effects of N addition on heterotrophic respiration of bulk and rhizosphere soils associated with the dominant species (
Bothriochloa ischaemum
) and subdominant species (
Artemisia sacrorum
and
Stipa capillata
) in the grassland treated with N fertilizer (0,3,9 g N m
−2
y
−1
) for eight years.
Results
Low-N addition significantly increased cumulative CO
2
-C emissions of bulk soil by 22.91% and rhizosphere soil of
A. sacrorum
by 72.26%, while high-N addition significantly increased that of rhizosphere soil of
(A) sacrorum
by 37.38% and
S. capillata
by 13.71%. There was no clear response to N addition for
(B) ischaemum
. Heterotrophic rhizosphere respiration of
B. ischaemum
was most strongly related to stable-C-degrading functional genes, whereas that of
A. sacrorum
and
S. capillata
was most strongly related to labile-C-degrading functional genes. C-degrading functional genes in rhizosphere soil were significantly related to root morphological characteristics, especially specific root length, specific root surface area, and root average diameter rather than root exudation rates.
Conclusion
The present study revealed that N addition could affect heterotrophic soil respiration by changing labile-C and stable-C degrading functional genes, which in the rhizosphere of different plant species were regulated by their root functional traits.
•Low N addition significantly increased the gene abundances for degrading labile C.•High N addition significantly decreased the abundance of all C-cycling genes.•N addition influenced C-cycling genes ...through altering soil C and N nutrient status.•C-cycling gene abundances play an important role in SOC decomposition.
Nitrogen (N) deposition affects soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition, therefore altering the global terrestrial carbon (C) cycle. However, it remains unclear how N deposition affects SOC decomposition by regulating microbial community composition and function, especially C-cycling functional gene composition. We investigated the effects of N addition (0, 3, 6, and 9 g N m−2y–1) on the composition of soil microbial C-cycling functional gene, SOC-degrading enzyme activities, and CO2 emissions in a Pinus tabulaeformis forest. Under low N addition (3 or 6 g N m−2y–1), labile C-degradation gene abundances were significantly increased. Under high N addition (9 g N m−2y–1), C-cycling functional gene abundance and diversity were significantly decreased. These effects were related to the changes in soil NO3–-N, dissolved organic C, total N, and microbial biomass C contents. Furthermore, low N addition stimulated the activities of SOC-degrading enzyme and CO2 emissions, whereas high N addition had the inhibitory effect. C-degradation gene abundances were significantly correlated with the SOC-degrading enzyme activities and CO2 emissions. Increase in CO2 emission rates were related to the high microbial functional potentials for labile C degradation under low N addition, whereas the lower CO2 emission rates were related to the low microbial functional potentials for labile as well as recalcitrant C degradation under high N addition. Our study indicated that N deposition may change SOC decomposition by altering the abundance of labile C and recalcitrant C degradation genes.
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