As a novel evolutionary computation, cuckoo search (CS) algorithm has attracted much attention and wide applications, owing to its easy implementation. CS as most population-based algorithm is good ...at identifying promising area of the search space, but less good at fine-tuning the approximation to the minimization. To the best of our knowledge, the hybridization of augmented Lagrangian method, cuckoo search and Solis and Wets local search has not been attempted yet. In this paper, an effective hybrid cuckoo search algorithm based on Solis and Wets local search technique is proposed for constrained global optimization that relies on an augmented Lagrangian function for constraint-handling. Numerical results and comparisons with other state-of-the-art stochastic algorithms using a set of benchmark constrained test functions and engineering design optimization problems are provided.
A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary non-starch polysaccharide (NSPs) inclusion on the growth performance, intestinal flora and intestinal health of juvenile ...largemouth bass (6.00 ± 0.01 g) in quadruplicate. Seven isoproteic and isolipidic diets (crude protein 47.0%, crude lipid 12.5%) were formulated to contain 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15% and 18% NSPs (each 100 g contains 32.26 g cellulose, 19.35 g arabinoxylan, 4.52 g β-glucan, 5.16 g mannan and 38.71 g pectin; named N0, N3, N6, N9, N12, N15 and N18), respectively. Weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, protein and lipid deposition rate in the N12, N15 and N18 groups were significantly lower than in the N0 group. Plasma diamine oxidase activity and lipopolysaccharide and endothelin-1 concentration in the N15 and N18 groups were significantly higher than in the N0 group. Intestinal occludin, caludin-1, caludin-4, zonulaoccludens-1, interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-xl and Bcl-2-associated athanogene expression levels and intestinal peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the N15 and N18 groups were significantly lower than in the N0 group, while interleukin-8, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, caspase3, Bcl-2-assoxicated x protein and Bcl-2-associated death protein genes expression levels showed opposite trends. Moreover, the Shannon, Simpson, Chao and Ace indices and the abundance of Plesiomonas shigelloides, Clostridium dakarense and Romboutsia ilealis in the N18 group were significantly lower than in the N0 group, in contrast to the abundance of Paraclostridium bifermentans, Mycoplasma moatsii. Propionate, butyrate, valerate and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) contents in digesta of the N6 group were significantly higher than in the N0 group, while acetate, butyrate, valerate, caproate and total SCFA in digesta of the N18 group were significantly lower than in the N0 group. Results suggest that high NSPs diets increased intestinal permeability and abundance of pathogenic microorganisms, induced intestinal inflammation and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, but decreased intestinal flora α-diversity and SCFA contents, and ultimately impaired growth performance and intestinal health of juvenile largemouth bass. Conversely, low-dose NSPs inclusion had no negative effect on growth and improves intestinal health in juvenile largemouth bass, showing potential as prebiotics in aquafeed.
•Intestinal flora and health of largemouth bass was negatively affected by high dietary NSPs.•Dietary inclusion of moderate NSPs can improve intestinal health by increasing the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria.•High NSPs diets decrease the digesta SCFA level was associated with increased abundance of pathogenic microorganisms.•Dietary NSPs shows potential as a prebiotic component in fish feed.
Among B-cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy. miR-140-3p was known to be an inhibitor in malignant tumors. However, the function of miR-140-3p in MM remains unclear.
...qRT-PCR was performed to determine the expressions of miR-140-3p and BZW2 mRNA. The protein level of BZW2 was determined by the western blot. Cell viability or cell apoptosis was detected by the MTT assay or flow cytometry, respectively. Binding between miR-140-3p and BZW2 was validated using the dual luciferase assay. Xenograft model was applied to verify the results of in vitro study.
The level of miR-140-3p was significantly downregulated in MM. Overpexression of miR-140-3p impaired the proliferation of MM cell lines and induced apoptosis in MM cells. miR-140-3p was validated to target BZW2 and inhibit the expression of BZW2. BZW2 was involved in the regulation of miR-140-3p on MM cell vitality and apoptosis. In vivo study revealed that miR-140-3p impeded tumorigenesis of MM cell line in nude mice.
Our present study revealed that miR-140-3p served as a suppressor in MM by negatively regulating BZW2. Thus, miR-140-3p could act as a new target for treating MM.
In this paper, a class of bandpass frequency selective structures (FSSs) with improved out-of-band rejection is proposed by using stacked slotlines. The proposed FSS consists of a periodic array of ...slotlines etched in pieces of single-layer printed circuit boards, which are vertically placed along the periodic plane and then stacked together with a certain distance. Due to this special arrangement, slotline resonators are constructed based on the desired propagation modes, thus leading to a stable bandpass filtering response in a wide frequency range. To better understand the operating principle, design procedure of this class of FSSs with uniform slotline unit cells, inductor-loaded uniform slotline unit cells, and stepped-impedance slotline unit cells is presented step by step. In particular, the equivalent transmission line models are established and the even-odd mode analysis method is introduced to intensively analyze the resonant and filtering mechanisms. As two examples, a single-polarized FSS and a dual-polarized one, both based on stepped-impedance slotline unit cells, are designed, fabricated, and measured. Measured results indicate that the proposed FSSs feature miniaturized unit-cell size, wide upper rejection band, and stable frequency filtering response under a large variation of incident angles.
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different viscous guar gums on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, intestinal development and morphology of ...juvenile largemouth bass. Four isoproteic and isolipidic diets (crude protein 42.5%, crude lipid 13.7%) were formulated to contain 8% cellulose (Control group), 8% low viscous guar gum with 2,500 mPa s (Lvs-GG group), 8% medium viscous guar gum with 5,200 mPa s (Mvs-GG group) and 8% high viscous guar gum with 6,000 mPa s (Hvs-GG group), respectively. Each diet was fed to quadruplicate groups of 40 fish (6.00 ± 0.01 g) per repetition. Dietary guar gum inclusion significantly decreased the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, protein productive value and lipid deposition rate, and these parameters decreased considerably with increasing guar gum viscous and were lowest in the Hvs-GG group. Dietary guar gum inclusion significantly decreased the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude lipid, and these parameters decreased considerably with increasing guar gum viscous and were lowest in the Hvs-GG group. Intestinal protease, lipase and creatine kinase activities in the guar gum groups were significantly lower than those in the control group, and intestinal protease and lipase activities decreased considerably with increased guar gum viscous. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity in the Hvs-GG group and intestinal Na
+
/K
+
-ATPase activity in the Mvs-GG and Hvs-GG groups were significantly lower than those in the Lvs-GG and control groups. Serum high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and superoxide dismutase activity in the guar gum groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. Intestinal villus height and muscular thickness in the guar gum groups were considerably higher than those in the control group, whereas the goblet cell relative number in the Mvs-GG and Hvs-GG groups and the microvillus height in the Lvs-GG and Hvs-GG groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. The expression level of IGF-1 in the guar gum groups and the expression level of GLP-2 in the Mvs-GG and Hvs-GG groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. These results indicated that guar gum diets adversely affected intestinal morphology, decreased intestinal digestive and absorptive enzyme activities, and caused poor nutrient digestibility and growth performance in juvenile largemouth bass. Moreover, the adverse effects of guar gum are closely related to its viscous, and high viscous guar gum produces more extreme negative impacts on juvenile largemouth bass.
Background
Cuproptosis is a type of programmed cell death that is involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. We constructed a prognostic cuproptosis-related long ...non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signature for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Methods
RNA-seq and clinical data for AML patients were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The cuproptosis-related prognostic lncRNAs were identified by co-expression and univariate Cox regression analysis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was performed to construct a cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature, after which the AML patients were classified into two risk groups based on the risk model. Kaplan-Meier, ROC, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, nomogram, and calibration curves analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the model. Then, expression levels of the lncRNAs in the signature were investigated in AML samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). KEGG functional analysis, single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA), and the ESTIMATE algorithm were used to analyze the mechanisms and immune status between the different risk groups. The sensitivities for potential therapeutic drugs for AML were also investigated.
Results
Five hundred and three lncRNAs related to 19 CRGs in AML samples from the TCGA database were obtained, and 21 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified based on the 2-year overall survival (OS) outcomes of AML patients. A 4-cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature for survival was constructed by LASSO Cox regression. High-risk AML patients exhibited worse outcomes. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated the independent prognostic value of the model. ROC, nomogram, and calibration curves analyses revealed the predictive power of the signature. KEGG pathway and ssGSEA analyses showed that the high-risk group had higher immune activities. Lastly, AML patients from different risk groups showed differential responses to various agents.
Conclusion
A cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature was established to predict the prognosis and inform on potential therapeutic strategies for AML patients.
High oil and protein content make tetraploid peanut a leading oil and food legume. Here we report a high-quality peanut genome sequence, comprising 2.54 Gb with 20 pseudomolecules and 83,709 ...protein-coding gene models. We characterize gene functional groups implicated in seed size evolution, seed oil content, disease resistance and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The peanut B subgenome has more genes and general expression dominance, temporally associated with long-terminal-repeat expansion in the A subgenome that also raises questions about the A-genome progenitor. The polyploid genome provided insights into the evolution of Arachis hypogaea and other legume chromosomes. Resequencing of 52 accessions suggests that independent domestications formed peanut ecotypes. Whereas 0.42-0.47 million years ago (Ma) polyploidy constrained genetic variation, the peanut genome sequence aids mapping and candidate-gene discovery for traits such as seed size and color, foliar disease resistance and others, also providing a cornerstone for functional genomics and peanut improvement.
The process of multiple myeloma (MM) is the result of the combined action of multiple genes. This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein2 ...(CPEB2) in MM progression.
The mRNA and protein expression levels of CPEB2 and actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 (ARPC5) were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Cell function was determined by cell counting kit 8 assay, soft-agar colony formation assay, flow cytometry and tube formation assay. Fluorescent in situ hybridization assay was used to analyze the co-localization of CPEB2 and ARPC5 in MM cells. Actinomycin D treatment and cycloheximide chase assay were performed to assess the stability of ARPC5. The interaction between CPEB2 and ARPC5 was confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation assay.
CPEB2 and ARPC5 mRNA and protein expression levels were upregulated in CD138+ plasma cells from MM patients and cells. CPEB2 downregulation reduced MM cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and increased apoptosis, while its overexpression had an opposite effect. CPEB2 and ARPC5 were co-localized at cell cytoplasm and could positively regulate ARPC5 expression by mediating its mRNA stability. ARPC5 overexpression reversed the suppressive effect of CPEB2 knockdown on MM progression, and it knockdown also abolished CPEB2-promoted MM progression. Besides, CPEB2 silencing also reduced MM tumor growth by decreasing ARPC5 expression.
Our results indicated that CPEB2 increased ARPC5 expression through promoting its mRNA stability, thereby accelerating MM malignant process.
Guideline adaptation is an emerging field to provide more appropriate recommendations for local clinical practice quality and to promote global health equity. However, its utilization status, ...adaptation procedures, and related materials remain to be studied. This study developed a quality improvement protocol for a study as the Development, Evaluation, and impLemenTation for guideline Adaptation (DELTA) study. Current adapted clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) will be systematically searched. Their characteristics, utilization status, and adaptation procedures will be extracted, compared, and analyzed. Whether these adapted CPGs rigorously followed the instruments and steps of adaptation frameworks will also be appraised. In addition, the advantages and limitations of current adaptation methods and their suitable application situations will be analyzed. In addition, future perspectives as DELTA series and DELTA system, aiming for comprehensively evaluating current needs for guideline adaptation and developing a unified framework and related materials were proposed to improve the acceptability, applicability, and implementation of guideline adaptation in clinical practice. The DELTA series are divided into four phases: phase I in analyzing status, characteristics, and procedures and completeness of adapted CPGs; phase II in analyzing differences, heterogeneity, and implementation between adapted and original CPGs; and phase III in collecting, analyzing, and comparing all available adaptation materials. With these research bases, an international working group will be established in phase IV and will develop unified guideline adaptation materials after Delphi consensus, including adaptation frameworks, appraisal tools and checklists, registries, and databases. Guideline adaptation has been advanced as an efficient way to guide local clinical practice. However, it still faces several major challenges. The proposed DELTA study, series, and system will further contribute to this emerging topic.
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