This article discusses the criteria for international agreements that must get approval from Indonesian Legislative Assembly with focus on two problem what is the legal implications of ...Constitutional Court decision number 33/PUU-XVI/2018 for the criteria of international agreements that must be approved by Indonesian Legislative Assembly and how to determine the criteria of the international treaties that have broad and fundamental effects on people's lives which is related to the country’s financial burden. This is a normative legal research. The results of this study is that the legal implications of the Constitutional Court's decision for the criteria of international agreements which must have approval of Indonesian Legislative Assembly should be positive. Asides from not giving any limit of the criteria, it can also be used as a control for the government carelessness in ratifying international agreements in trading which is almost always using Presidential Regulation instrument. To determine the criteria that an international agreement has broad consequences and fundamentals related to the country’s financial burden or require establishment of regulation, is carried out through a consultation mechanism, and the results of this consultation are recommendations and respected.
This article aims to discuss the Principles of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) that may be applied to the conflict in the Gaza Strip between Israel and Palestine. This normative legal research using ...a conceptual approach and a case approach indicates that the humanitarian crisis resulting from the conflict needs to be the focus of the international community, and the R2P principle may be applied as an alternative solution. Although the R2P principle is not a legal formulation, R2P plays an important role. It is recognized as an emerging norm or an obligation with a legal significance. R2P has been agreed upon and accepted by most countries globally that are members of the United Nations through UN General Assembly Resolutions. R2P assigns responsibility to the international community to help parties protect populations from the crime of genocide. Ultimately, R2P is expected to encourage states to fulfill their legal responsibilities and obligations, help build capacity to protect populations, and provide assistance to states in emergencies.
The maritime dimension defense strategy model is a part of the Archipelago Marine Defense Strategy, referring to the dynamics or developments in the strategic environment and the capabilities of ...available national resources. In carrying out an assessment of the defense strategy of the archipelagic nation's sea dimension, it is determined by the influence and interaction of interrelationships between balancing aspects of Naval Forces and Integrated Fleet Weapons Systems (SSAT) with Threat aspects as a complex system, so an analysis is needed to get a value on the assessment defense strategy of the maritime dimension of the archipelagic state, which consists of aspects of developing the strength of the Navy and aspects of Potential Threats. So it needs to be compiled in a dynamic model that can represent a value in the assessment of the marine defense dimension of the archipelagic nation which is projected based on the time dimension up to the next 15 years. In this research, the researchers compiled a system dynamic model approach to obtain an assessment of the value of each variable and sub-variable. The results of the formulation and simulation model on the assessment of the sea dimension defense strategy, obtained values based on the following strategic scenarios: (1) Fleet In Being defense strategy at an index value of 5.72, (2) Blockade defense scenario 5.72, (3) Defense scenario Decesive Battle 5.73, (4) combined scenario between fleet in being and blockade 5.72, (5) combined scenario of fleet in being and decesive battle 5.78, (6) combination scenario of blocakde and decesive battle 5.73 and value sea defense based on current SSAT capabilities in the 15th year of 5.9, included in the alert category/quite safe.
Since the territorial defeat of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), debates and questions on what states should do (individually and or collectively) with foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs) ...from their countries have become more relevant yet controversial. This article critically investigates whether states of origin have an obligation to repatriate ISIS FTFs under international law as well as what options are available for such countries in dealing with returning ISIS fighters based on a human rights approach. This article also highlights that the current international legal framework is generally moving toward the repatriation of FTFs for the purpose of prosecution and rehabilitation. While states have taken diverse and controversial approaches in dealing with fighters who wish to return, the option to repatriate and fairly prosecute them in their countries of origin is seen as the most comprehensive and preferred approach, not only for the countries of origin but also for the international community as a whole in the long term.
Budidaya hidroponik umumnya menggunakan nutrisi AB Mix yang mengandung unsur hara yang lengkap. Penggunaan pupuk organik cair (POC) dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif untuk mengurangi kebutuhan ...nutrisi AB Mix. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian POC rumput laut sebagai substitusi nutrisi AB Mix (2) Mengetahui komposisi terbaik POC rumput laut yang disubstitusikan dengan nutrisi AB Mix. Perlakuan disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan tunggal dan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas empat taraf, yaitu R0 (100% AB Mix), R1 (AB Mix 75% + POC rumput laut 25%), R2 (AB Mix 50% + POC rumput laut 50%), dan R3 (AB Mix 25% + POC rumput laut 75%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian POC rumput laut sebanyak 25% sebagai substitusi nutrisi AB Mix setara dengan kualitas nutrisi AB Mix 100% yang ditunjukkan oleh variabel pengamatan dengan rata-rata panjang daun 17,26 cm, lebar daun 12,42 cm, jumlah daun 12,50, tingkat kehijauan daun 37,08, jumlah stomata daun 30,33, bobot segar batang dan daun 159,50 g, bobot kering batang dan daun 12,00 g, bobot segar akar 5,17 g, bobot kering akar0,78 g, dan diameter batang 12,00 mm. Komposisi terbaik POC rumput laut yang disubstitusikan dengan nutrisi AB Mix yaitu AB Mix 75% + POC rumput laut 25%, yang dibuktikan dengan bobo segar daun dan batang sebesar159,50 g atau mampu bersaing sebesar 99,27 % dari perlakuan 100 % AB Mix.
The Indonesian geographical condition as an archipelagic state with abundant natural resources has put maritime security into its central issue. Several challenges are facing Indonesia’s maritime ...coordination. National maritime agencies are still overlapping and duplicating based on various laws and regulations. As part of the Indonesian vision to be a ‘global maritime fulcrum,’ Indonesia’s government established the Marine Security Agency (BAKAMLA). BAKAMLA aims to shift the law enforcement paradigm from a multi-agency multi-task to a single-agency multi-task. The establishment of BAKAMLA is expected to create law enforcement’s effectiveness and efficiency in Indonesia’s water jurisdiction. This study is a type of normative juridical research using a statute approach and case study approach. This study reveals that the emerging of BAKAMLA, based on Law Number 32 of 2014 concerning Marine, grants broad authority to the maritime security agency. BAKAMLA has the power to direct instant pursue, dismiss, inspect, arrest, carry, and deliver the ship to the related authorized agency for further legal proceedings. BAKAMLA also has the authority to integrated security and safety information systems. The presence of BAKAMLA does not necessarily disregard or eliminate other institutions in the same task, but as a guard to stimulate to synergize further the security and safety of Indonesia’s territorial waters under a single command unit.
Lampung coffee farmers generally cultivate Robusta coffee and practice ethno-agronomy based on local wisdom, including cultivating coffee of Robusta/Liberica interspecific grafting system. This ...community service activity uses the method of face-to-face meetings, FGD, training, and making demonstration plots. The targets of this activity are management and members of Wijaya Muda farmer groups and farmers around the location at Pekon Sukajaya, Sumberjaya, West Lampung District.The results showed that based on evaluation results, the PKM activities was going well, with obtaining a total score of 12 (3 variables, scores 1-5) which indicated the level of participation was categorized as good. The evaluation of the results selected from 12 indicators of knowledge/skills showed an increase in the score of 53 to 73, which means that the level of knowledge skills increased from sufficient to good. The intensification of the Robusta/Liberica grafting system increased drought resistance and coffee production.
Keywords: Biochar, grafting, interspesific, Robusta/Liberica, intensification
The criminal policy of returning state financial losses to corporations as perpetrators of corruption in state financial losses is regulated as additional criminal sanctions in the form of ...confiscation of goods and payment of replacement money in Article 18 paragraph (1) letter a and letter b of Law Number 31 of 1999 as amended by Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes. The purpose of this study is to find out how the legal implications of the criminal policy of returning state financial losses by corporations as perpetrators of criminal acts of corruption are. This research includes normative legal research with several approaches, namely; Historical approach, statutory approach, case approach, and conceptual approach. The results of this study show that the existing criminal policy for recovering state financial losses still has various legal implications which result in non-optimal efforts to recover state financial losses due to corruption in state financial losses committed by corporations.
United Nations (UN) Security Council (UNSC) resolutions (UNSCRs) are adopted by a vote of the five permanent members and ten non-permanent members of the UNSC. Each UNSCR is understood to be part of ...the “primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security” of the UN. The Indonesian government has been encouraged by various parties to make a legal instrument that would enforce the UNSCRs. Such an instrument would serve to bridge and reduce gaps in the rule of law regarding the enforcement of UNSCRs for nations. However, the government of Indonesia faces several challenges in implementing legal instruments for the UNSCRs. This article maintains that it is crucial to study accommodative policies regarding the national enforcement of UNSCRs by considering the example of Singapore. Singapore has special laws that respond to UNSCRs (The UN Act Chapter 339-UN Act). UN Act 339 is the legal umbrella in Singapore for the government’s implementation of UNSCRs. The UN Act is also an attempt by the Singaporean government to carry out its international obligations to the United Nations.
Sustainable development and environment is development that meets the needs of the present generation without diminishing the opportunities for future generations to get a chance of life, with the ...goal of achieving ecological sustainability, economic, social, cultural, political, and defense and security. In fact, in an effort to meet people's need for affordable housing and residential areas for low-income people and to meet the demands of modern lifestyles, the government has always been faced with the problem of land limitations available for housing development, especially in densely populated urban areas. This is one of the obstacles in meeting the needs of public housing, resulting in a high number of housing backlogs in Indonesia, because the number of people who need a home is more than the supply of homes that can be provided in each year. Thus, strategic steps are needed that can be a breakthrough to overcome the housing backlog. This research is a legal research, a research by analyzing the rule of law and law based on dogmatic law, legal theory, and legal philosophy. The purpose of this study is to review Law No. 20 of 2011 on Flats, especially efforts to meet the needs of decent and affordable housing through the availability of public flats. As a regulator, the Government makes and prepares regulations and policies. Through various regulations issued by the Government is expected to be a solution in unraveling and addressing the problem of public housing and does not overlap, so that the target of meeting the needs of decent and affordable homes for MBR can be achieved.
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